ABSTRACT
The evaluation of labor is the clinical process by which variables are analyzed in order to determine whether the patient is in labor, which by definition includes regular uterine contractions that increase in frequency and intensity, associated with dilation cervical. This is done through the anamnesis and physical examination, specifically through the evaluation of contractions and vaginal examination, the latter is intended to specify the degree of dilation, cervical effacement that the patient presents and also allows to a certain degree, establish the presentation, attitude and variety of position in which the fetus is located. From this premise, it is proposed that vaginal examination, since it is operator dependent, is not an objective evaluation, therefore, there is a need to reach consensus on the evaluation, and in order to carry it out, evaluation with ultrasound is proposed, which has as a purpose to objectify the variety of position and presentation of the fetus. Due to the above, this article aims to capture the knowledge that is currently possessed about the uses and methodology that intrapartum ultrasound presents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Umbilical Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Cesarean Section , Placenta/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Outcome , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Aim To explore the effects of hydrocortisone on intracellular calcium in microglial cells.Methods The intracellular calcium was measured by instantaneous scanning with confocal laser microscope(CLM) in BV-2 cells, and fluo3-AM was used to dye the intracellular calcium.Results Both hydrocortisone and nicotine could obviously increase intracellular calcium in BV-2 cells(P0.05);but the blocker of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR) methyllycaconitine could suppress the rising of intracellular calcium induced by hydrocortisone(P<0.05).Conclusion Hydrocortisone enhances intracellular calcium via α7nAChR in microglial cells, which not only demonstrates the non-genomic effect of glucocorticoid, but also suggests that glucocorticoid could serve as endogenous ligand of α7nAChR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between the Minimum Lumen Area (MLA) and plaque burden(PB) of the left circumlfex (LCX) ostial and the occurrence of myocardial ischemia after a single stent crossover for the treatment of left main (LM) bifurcated lesions. Methods Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) assessment was performed on 5 patients, each where coronary angiography showed left main bifurcated lesions, and to measure the MLA and PB of the LCX. Following a single stent crossover fractional lfow reserve (FFR) evaluation were performed in all 5 patients to investigate the relationship between the MLA and PB of the LCX ostium and the occurrence of myocardial ischemia. Results The mean MLA of the left main coronary of the 5 patients was (4.99±2.3) mm2 with the minimum lumen diameter (MLD) being (2.26±2.8) mm. The average MLA of the left anterior descending (LAD) ostial or proximal was (4.01±2.0) mm2, mean plaque burden (PB) at the LAD ostial or proximal was (68.15±10.1)%. Average MLA of LCX was (4.94±0.4) mm2 with a plaque burden of (66.00±6.0)%. Single stent crossover technique was used to treat the bifurcated lesions. Among the 5 patients, only 1 of them was treated with a double stent deployment where the LCX ostial FFR was0.75. Conclusions Integrated IVUS and FFR would achieve threshold measurements of MLA at LCX’s ostium which could predict ischemia after one stent strategy.
ABSTRACT
Six male and seven female children, aged five or six years, ran on the flat treadmill increasing running speeds every two minutes by 20 m/min till their subjective exhaustions. The first steps were started with the speeds of 80 or 100 m/min and the rest periods of 30 seconds were inserted between each successive step for the blood sampling. Expired airs for the determination of oxygen uptakes were collected during the last 30 seconds of every stage. Heart rates were recorded for each subject throughout the whole test session.<BR>Two male and two female subjects were selected in order to determine their physical activity levels in the nursery school. Their heart rates were recorded from Monday to Saturday in a given week.<BR>Analyses of physical activity patterns were tried by relating heart rate levels to circulorespiratory variables which were equivalent to 3 or 4 mmo<I>l</I>/<I>l</I> blood lactate concentration (3m MLA or 4m MLA) .<BR>By so doing, the following results were obtained:<BR>1) Mean values of blood lactate concentrations observed immediately after the cessation of the last exhaustive steps were 5.16 m MLA for males and 4.70 m MLA for females.<BR>2) Relative values of heart rate to 3 and 4 m MLA against maximal heart rate (% HRmax-3 m MLA and % HRmax-4 m MLA) were respectively 92.2% HRmax-3 m MLA and 97.5% HRmax-4m MLA for males and 94.9% HRmax-3 m MLA and 98.2% HRmax-4 m MLA for females.<BR>The corresponding relative values of oxygen uptakes were 85.2% Vo<SUB>2</SUB>max-3 m MLA and 94.3% Vo<SUB>2</SUB>max-4 m MLA for males and 89.7% Vo<SUB>2</SUB>max-3 m MLA and 96% Vo<SUB>2</SUB>max-4 m MLA for females.<BR>3) Mean values of heart rate recorded in the nursery through a given week except Sunday ranged from 89 to 114 beats/min for males and 106 to 126 beats/min for females. In the relative value of a heart rate against the heart rate equivalent to 4 m MLA, that is, HR 4 m MLA these values correspond to 44-57% HR 4 m MLA and 57-67% HR 4 m MLA respectively.<BR>4) Accumulated duration time: Their hearts beat higher than 160 beats/min, except in the case of 800 m endurance run (only 0-4 and 0-6 minutes for males and 0-6 and 4-21 (touch of tachycardia) minutes for females) .<BR>Percentages of accumulated duration time lower than 120 beats/min occupied 72-94% and 77-91% of 6 or 7-hour nursing time for males and 51-91% and 51-78% for females.<BR>5) Absolute and relative values of mean heart rates in 800 m endurance run ranged from 183 beats/min (Net 83% HRmax, 90% HR 4 m MLA) to 199 beats/min (Net 98% HRmax, 104% HR 4 m MLA) for males and from 172 beats/min (Net 77% HRmax, 92% HR 4 m MLA) to 196 beats/min (Net 92% HRmax, 96% HR 4 m MLA), though the duration times were short.<BR>6) Optimal intensity of work load was proposed to be the heart rate level of at least 190 beats/min for favourable development and/or improvement of the circulo-respiratory system in young children.