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Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de Ideación Suicida de Roberts, de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos [CES-D] de Radloff, de Autoestima de Rosenberg, y de Impulsividad, Relación con Papá y Relación con Mamá, las tres de Climent, Aragón y Plutchick. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, de tipo transversal ex-post facto con 4,759 adolescentes de ambos sexos del estado de Chiapas, México. La confiabilidad evaluada a través del coeficiente alpha de Cronbach reportó índices superiores a .700 para todos los instrumentos, excepto para la Escala de Impulsividad. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios realizados mostraron arreglos de ítems semejantes, más no iguales, a los reportados en otros estudios en los que se han aplicado estos instrumentos, confirmando la validez de los constructos teóricos en los que se basó su diseño. Las Escalas analizadas son válidas para su uso en adolescentes de México, considerando los puntos de corte establecidos para cada una de ellas.
Abstract The study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of Roberts' Suicidal Ideation Scale, Radloff´ Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D], Radloff, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Impulsiveness, Dad Relationship and Mom Relationship, the three of Climent, Aragón & Plutchick. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, ex post facto study was performed with 4,759 adolescents of both sexes in Chiapas, Mexico. Reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient reported higher rates to .700 for all instruments, except for Impulsiveness Scale. The exploratory factor analyzes showed items such arrangements, but not identical, to those reported in other studies where these instruments have been administered, confirming the validity of the theoretical constructs on which its design was based. The scales are valid for use in adolescents from México, considering the cut-off points established for each of these tools.
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@#<p><strong>Objectives.</strong> 1) To determine the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years seen at the Philippine General Hospital Teen Mom Clinic from February to July 2014; 2) To describe the demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and lifestyle and health habits of adolescent mothers; 3) To describe the adequacy of the daily intake of nutrients (caloric energy, carbohydrates, protein, fats, folate, calcium, and iron) of adolescent mothers; and 4) To determine the association of specific demographic characteristics with body mass index categories.</p><p><br /><strong>Methods.</strong> This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Included were the pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years of age, referred to the Teen Mom Clinic, who planned to deliver at the Philippine General Hospital. Informed consent and assent forms were signed, and the principal investigator interviewed the subjects for demographic and clinical history at the time of enrolment. The adolescents were taught and instructed to fill up the food diary (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and the food frequency (once) forms. These were submitted on their next visit and given to a licensed nutritionist for analysis. The nutritional status was assessed by gathering the weight and height of the patients in order to compute for the body mass index at the time of enrolment in the study.</p><p><br /><strong>Results.</strong> The percentage distribution of nutritional status of pregnant adolescents consisted of the following: 65% normal; 28% underweight; 3.5% overweight; 3.5% obese. The 60 pregnant adolescents had a mean age of 16.9 years (SD 1.2). Their partners had a mean age of 20.3 years [SD 3.8]. On the average, they had a total of five pre-natal checkups. Majority of the respondents (85%) still depended primarily on their parents for financial support. Around 93% of the pregnancies were unplanned. Their median percent adequacy for daily calories was 72%, carbohydrates 69%, proteins 73%, and fats 86%. For the micronutrients, the median percent adequacies for folate, calcium, and iron, based on the needs of pregnant women, were 18%, 63%, and 29%, respectively. If amounts were compared to the requirements by age, the median adequacies of intake were 27%, 50%, and 41%, respectively. The nutritional status was not found dependent on the age, educational attainment, number of siblings, and the monthly family income of the respondents.</p><p><br /><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Only 65% of the pregnant adolescents had normal nutritional status. There was still an elevated level of malnutrition among pregnant adolescents as shown in this study: 28% were underweight, 3.3% were overweight, and another 3.3% were obese.</p>
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Humans , FemaleABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the dates of 477 Chinese prenatal screening centers for previous half year analyse prena-tal screening status and provide recommendations for quality control.Methods All China prenatal screening centers were sent the data via the National Quality Assessment Scheme.This covered the software used,the risk cut-offs,monthly sample throughput,monthly median MoM of AFP,hCG,β-HCG,freeβ-HCG and uE3,monthly screening positive rate for trisomy 21,trisomy 18 and Open Neural Tube Defect.Results Screening protocol were versatile,with 73.48% (133/181)used two-marker model,24.31% (44/181)used three-marker model and 2.21% used four-marker model.About the software used, 350 laboratories never updated the screening parameters,89 laboratories had updated their median or parameter by manufac-turers,24 laboratories had updated the parameters by themselves.Cut-offs differed between laboratories.59.91% (275/459) used 1/270 as their cutoffs for trisomy 21.66.22% (296/447)used 1/350 as their cutoff for trisomy 18 and 96.52% (361/374)used cutoffs between 2.0~2.5 MOM for ONTD.Results of monthly median MOM:the percentage of laboratories that all six monthly median MOM within the target of 0.90~1.10 was 46.69% (155/332)for AFP,20.0% (4/20)for hCG, 29.17% (28/96)forβ-HCG,15.66% (31/198)for freeβ-HCG and 4.82% (11/228)for uE3.The percentage of laborato-ries that all six monthly median MOM within the target of 0.95~1.05 was 14.16% (47/332)for AFP,0% (0/20)for hCG,4.17% (4/96)forβ-HCG,12.63% (25/198)for freeβ-HCG and 4.82% (11/228)for uE3.About screening positive rate,there were difference of trisomy 2 1 positive rate in the same laboratory within the six month.Conclusion There were variations types of screening protocol,different kinds of soft platform,randomness of choice or update of medians or other important parameters and great difference in awareness of quality control.It would be taken effective and practical quality control measures to help laboratories improve quality control.
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BACKGROUND: Maternal serum triple marker screening has been covered by the medical insurance system in Korea since December 2004. The number of tests is on the increase, but an external quality control program and a basic survey have not been established yet. The aim of this study was to port the survey of prenatal screening tests. METHODS: Three different quality control specimens were prepared using the sera obtained from 100 women who were in the 15th to 20th week of pregnancy and visited Asan Medical Center during May 2005. We assumed that the three specimens belonged to the first day of 15 weeks, third day of 16 weeks, and second day of 19 weeks, respectively, and sent them to 10 laboratories. Nine laboratories replied to the survey. We analyzed concentrations, multiples of medians (MoMs), and risk estimates. RESULTS: The coefficients of variance of MoM were 32.1-32.6% for alpha-fetoprotein, 15.3-19.8% for unconjugated estriol, 6.3-12.5% for human chorionic gonadotropin, and 12.9-18.2% for inhibin-A. In Down syndrome risk estimation for specimen-2, six of the eight laboratories that used the triple test reported the screen positive, but two laboratories reported negative. Three of five laboratories using the quadruple test reported the screen positive, and two laboratories reported negative. In case of neural tube defect, all laboratories except one reported all specimens the screen negative. In case of Edward syndrome, all laboratories reported all specimens the screen negative. CONCLUSIONS: Since MoMs and risk estimates showed a wide variation among the participating laboratories in this survey, an external quality control and the standardization of the variables seemed warranted.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Biomarkers/blood , Korea , Prenatal Diagnosis/standardsABSTRACT
Los Movimientos oculomotores (M.O.M.), incluyen: Firmeza de Fijación, movimientos sacádicos y de Seguimiento. El objetivo consistió en realizar un examen Optométrico y un diagnostico sobre alteraciones de los MOM con las pruebas de test de medición subjetiva, test NSUCO utilizado por Mapple y prueba DEVEPLOMENTAL EYE MOVEMENT TEST (DEM), a niños y niñas que presentaban disfunciones de los Movimientos Oculomotores (M.O.M.), asociados con problemas de lectura y bajo rendimiento escolar, en dos colegios de Bogotá. Se examinaron 533 escolares con edades entre 7 y 9 años, de los cuales se diagnosticaron sin disfunción oculomotora, 413 escolares, clasificados normales Tipo I; 120 escolares con deficiencias de los M.O.M. y problemas de lectura: 56 Tipo II, 37 Tipo III y 27 Tipo IV. Respecto a los Defectos Refractivos, se diagnostico el astigmatismo como el de mayor prevalencia, siguiendo la hipermetropía y luego la miopía. Conclusiones: Es posible diagnosticar disfunciones de los M.O.M., en exámenes Optométricos rutinarios basados en el test NSUCO y con la aplicación del test D.E.M.
The oculomotor movements include: fixationfirmness, saccadic and following movements. Theobjective was to carry out an optometric examinationand a diagnosis about alterations of the MOM withsubjective measurement tests, NSUCO test used byMapple the Developmental Eye Movement test (DEM)to children who had MOM disorders associated toreading problems and low school performance in twoprimary schools in Bogota. 533 children from 7 to 9years old were examined and diagnosed withoutoculomotor disorders; 413 children were classifiedas normal Type I; 120 children had MOM deficienciesand reading problems, out of them 56 were classifiedas Type II, 37, type III; and 27, Type IV. Regardingrefractive defects, astigmatism was diagnosed as themost recurrent, followed by long-sightedness andmyopia. As a conclusion, we can determine that it ispossible to diagnose MOM disorders with routineoptometric examinations based on the NSUCO testand DEM test.
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Reading , UnderachievementABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The triple marker test with maternal serum during 15~20 weeks gestation is a useful prenatal screening technique. However established reference level is determined for Caucasians and there has not been Korean reference level determined from triple marker results of normal pregnant women without adverse outcome. We intended to determine the Median for triple marker respectively from results which have been done in Samsung Medical Center (SMC), considering the pregnancy outcome in this study. METHODS: The study population was derived from women undergoing triple marker screening at SMC between January, 2000 and July, 2001. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured by ACS: CentaurTM (Bayer Diagnostics, Chicago, USA) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) was measured by T21 Screening ELISA (Gamma S.A., Liege-Angleur, Belgium). We reviewed the pregnancy outcome, ultrasonographic finding and amniocentesis result in each case. RESULTS: Eighty two (4.3%) patients of the 1,918 women screened were identified as positive. Two patients with chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 21) were found in the 64 patients (78%) who underwent chromosomal analysis of amniotic fluid. With reference to total 1,830 cases, we determined the median of AFP, hCG and uE3, categorized by gestational age. Also, we calculated the Multiples of Median (MoM) of each result according to the newly determined median. CONCLUSIONS: Although triple marker test appears to be an effective method detecting chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defect (NTD), it is most important to determine the median of our own population for the correct prenatal screening.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , alpha-Fetoproteins , Amniocentesis , Amniotic Fluid , Chorionic Gonadotropin , Chromosome Aberrations , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Estriol , Gestational Age , Mass Screening , Neural Tube Defects , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnant Women , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
Prenatal alpha-fetoprotein screening may serve as an index of suspicion of many congenital anomalies of the fetus including neural tube defect and aneuploid fetus. This study was undertaken to determine the normal ranges of AFP in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 9 to 41 weeks gestation which thus far had not been established in Korea. Normal ranges of maternal serum and amniotic fluid AFP from 9 to 34 weeks and from 16 to 41 weeks gestation were obtained respectively from 198 uncomplicated pregnant women delivered of normal singleton baby. Maternal serum AFP values showed an increasing trend from 12 weeks gestation reaching a peak level at 29 to 34 weeks gestation and after which there was a gradual decline. Amniotic fluid AFP values was the highest at 17 weeks gestation and declined as pregnancy approached term. The correlation of a median value between AF AFP and MS AFP was 100 to 1 in ratio in each week. The authors conclude that this initial experience in Korea with maternal serum AFP values could efficiently detect genetic disorders, perhaps with high sensitivity and provide a proper management scheme of pregnant women with abnormal high and low AFP values during the midtrimester of pregnancy.