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Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients. In fact, MRD detection has been shown to achieve better performance than imaging methods. On this basis, rigorous investigation of MRD detection as an integral method for guiding clinical treatment has made important advances. This review summarizes the development of MRD biomarkers, techniques, and strategies for the detection of cancer, and emphasizes the application of MRD detection in solid tumors, particularly for the guidance of clinical treatment.
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@#ObjectiveTo develop a highly sensitive method for detection of mutation of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3-tyrosine kinase domain(FLT3-TKD)of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and apply to the monitor of minimal residual disease(MRD).MethodsRecombinant plasmids containing wild FLT3 and mutant FLT3-D835Y were constructed respectively and mixed at certain ratios.The obtained standard plasmids with mutation rates of 50%,1%,0.1% and 0% respectively were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)in combination with Sanger method.The plasmid DNA standards and blood DNA standards,at various FLT3-D835Y mutation rates,were determined by the developed method to verify the sensitivity.The genomic DNA samples of patients with AML before and after treatment were determined by the developed method to monitor the MRD.ResultsSequencing proved that both the recombinant plasmids containing wild FLT3 and mutant FLT3-D835Y were constructed correctly.The sensitivity of developed method increased to 0.1% through Sanger method combined with digestion with EcoR Ⅴ/Xho Ⅰ and recovery of mutant fragments in determination of purified plasmid DNA and collected blood DNA samples.MRD was detected in the peripheral blood sample of a patients with AML in complete remission period by the developed method but not by Sanger method.ConclusionA highly sensitive method for detection of FLT3-TKD mutation was developed,which was of an important clinical significance in guiding the treatment of AML and monitoring the MRD in complete remission period.
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Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world, among which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of the total number of lung cancers. The 5-year overall survial (OS) of radical surgery NSCLC patients ranged from 92% in stage Ia1 to 26% in stage IIIb, and the continuously decreasing survival time made it a strong clinical need for precise adjuvant therapy to eradicate molecular residual disease (MRD). At present, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a molecular indicator of MRD has gradually moved from the laboratory to the clinic. The latest consensus proposes that ctDNA with abundance ≥0.02% can be stably detected in the peripheral blood of perioperative NSCLC patients, which is based on the possibility of ctDNA as an MRD indicator. MRD detection technology supports the possibility of monitoring after radical treatment of NSCLC, and ctDNA can predict the recurrence of the disease earlier than the imaging monitoring after treatment of NSCLC, providing valuable time for timely adjustment of adjuvant therapy. In the studies on early postoperative adjuvant therapy of NSCLC, different guidelines differ on whether appropriate adjuvant therapy should be carried out, while MRD can be used as a more accurate predictor to guide postoperative adjuvant therapy, so that patients can benefit from the disease treatment. .
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Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Circulating Tumor DNA , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm, Residual , Small Cell Lung CarcinomaABSTRACT
Klebsiella pneumoniae é um patógeno oportunista, responsável por diversos tipos de infecções nosocomiais, e é considerado um microrganismo multirresistente. Dados na literatura que forneçam informações a respeito da resistência desse microrganismo a antimicrobianos em amostras de animais são escassos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil e o seu aumento das resistências a antimicrobianos dentro da medicina veterinária. Um total de 67 isolados de K. pneumoniae, provenientes de diferentes sítios de isolamento de animais domésticos (39/67) e silvestres (28/67), foi confirmado por sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. O maior percentual de isolamento de K. pneumoniae foi de amostras de urina, com 16% (11/67), fezes, com 15% (10/67), e pulmão, com 13,5% (09/67). No perfil de resistência, foram testadas 11 categorias de antibióticos, sendo a maior taxa de resistência ao metronidazol 97% (65/67), à ampicilina 94% (63/67), à amoxicilina 93% (62/67), às sulfonamidas 93% (62/67), à colistina 93% (62/67) e à nitrofurantoína 88% (59/67). Aqueles que apresentaram menor taxa de resistência foram: meropenem 3% (2/67), imipenem 6% (4/67) e amicacina 16% (11/67). Todos os isolados foram considerados bactérias multirresistentes (MRD), com o índice de resistência múltipla aos antibióticos (IRMA) variando de 0,15 a 0,85 e com 60 tipos de padrões de resistência. O resultado deste estudo reforça que os animais são reservatórios de K. pneumoniae multirresistentes.(AU)
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for several types of nosocomial infections and is considered a multiresistant microorganism. Data in the literature that provide information regarding the resistance of this microorganism to antimicrobials in animal samples are scarce. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the profile and its increase of antimicrobial resistance within Veterinary Medicine. A total of 67 K. pneumoniae isolates from different domestic (39/67) and wild (28/67) isolation sites were confirmed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The highest percentage of K. pneumoniae isolation was from urine samples with 16% (11/67), faeces 15% (10/67) and lung 13.5% (09/67). In the resistance profile, 11 categories of antibiotics were tested, with the highest resistance to metronidazole being 97% (65/67), ampicillin 94% (63/67), amoxicillin 93% (62/67), sulfonamides 93% (62 / 67), 93% colistin (62/67), and 88% nitrofurantoin (59/67). The ones with the lowest resistance were: meropenem 3% (2/67), imipenem 6% (4/67) and amikacin 16% (11/67). All isolates were considered multiresistant bacteria (MDR), with the Multiple Resistance to Antibiotics Index (IRMA) ranging from 0.15 to 0.85 and with 60 types of resistance patterns. The result of this study reinforces that the animals are reservoirs of multiresistant K. pneumoniae.(AU)
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Animals , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Animals, Domestic/microbiology , Animals, Wild/microbiologyABSTRACT
Objective: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexametha-sone (RVD) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Methods: The clinical features and responses of 48 patients with NDMM who were treated with RVD from January 2015 to May 2019 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median age of the 48 patients was 59 years (range: 34-79). Among these, 44 patients were Durie-Salmon stageⅢ, 15 were ISS stageⅡ, 19 were ISS stageⅢ, and 12 had plasmacytoma; 32.5% of all patients were cytogenetic high-risk. All patients re-ceived a median of four cycles (range: 1-9) of the RVD regimen as induction treatment. The overall response rate was 97.9%, with 35.4% of patients achieving complete response (CR) or better. The rate of very good partial remission (VGPR) or better was increased from 64.1% (after two cycles) to 84.6% (after four cycles). The mean collection of CD34+cells was 4.2 (± 2.6)×106/kg. Negative minimal residual disease (MRD), as indicated by next-generation flow (NGF), was achieved in 20.6% of patients after induction. Two patients with positive MRD after induction became MRD negative after transplantation. Two patients developed grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxic-ity. No nonhematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 was observed. Conclusions: In patients with NDMM, RVD treatment resulted in signifi-cantly improved response rates and exhibited an acceptable risk-benefit profile, with no adverse impact on stem cell collection. RVD combined with transplantation significantly improved the negative rate of MRD, as indicated by NGF.
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@# Objective: : To investigate the relationship between the expression of RUNX1 isoforms and the clinical curative effect and the prognosis of acute leukemia (AL), in order to provide valuable experimental data for the individualized treatment, MRD (minimal residual disease) monitoring and prognosis prediction of AL. Methods: AL patients with primary treatment (PT, n=88) and recrudescence (RC, n=10) that treated at the Department of Hematology of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from April, 2012 to April, 2013 were included in this study. Real-time PCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of RUNX1 isoforms (RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c) in PT patients, RC patients and controls (non-malignant hematological disease patients).The changes in mRNA expression of RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c in patients before and after the chemotherapy were also observed. Results： ： (1)The expression levels of RUNX1a mRNAinAML andALL PT group andAML RC group was significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05); The expression level of RUNX1a mRNAinAMLPT group was increased compared withALLPT group (P<0.05). (2) The expression levels of RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c mRNAinAML andALL patients at initial treatment were significantly higher than those after complete remission (CR) (P<0.05). (3) By comparing the expression levels of RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c mRNA at initial diagnosis, there was no significant difference between 6-month death group and survival group, CR group and NCR (non-complete remission) group after first cycle of chemotherapy, or the high leukocyte group and non-high leukocyte group (all P>0.05).The expression level of RUNX1a mRNA in AML-ETO positive group was higher than that of negative group (P<0.05). (4) The expression levels of RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c mRNA in patients with acute leukemia decreased with the increasing chemotherapy cycle, and significantly increased when had a relapse, which may even succeed the initial level.Conclusion: RUNX1a isoforms participate in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia, and isrelated to the relapse ofAML. The expression levels of RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c mRNAare related to the clinical efficacy that can be used as an indicator of curative effect, but have no significant correlation with the prognosis of the disease.Dynamic monitor of theexpression levels of RUNX1a and RUNX1b/c isomers can be used as an effective indicator of MRD monitoring after chemotherapy, which can be used to evaluate the efficacy and identify the risk of recurrence at early stage.
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Objective To observe the efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission stage. Methods Clinical data of 14 AML patients underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were analyzed retrospectively, including 7 low-risk patients, 6 moderate-risk patients and 1 high-risk patient. After pretreatment, pre-cryopreserved autologous peripheral blood stem cells were retransfused. And component blood transfusion, increasing white blood cell (WBC) count and preventing from infection, etc. were given. Hematopoietic reconstitution of autologous stem cells in the patients was observed, and incidence of transplantation related complications was obtained. Furthermore, survival curves were drawn, and postoperative 1- and 3-year overall survival rates and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated. Results Hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved in all 14 patients. The median time of WBC implantation was 12(9-28) d, and that of platelet implantation was 29(8-158) d. Two patients suffered from E. coli septicemia during neutropenia stage, 1 from proteus vulgaris septicemia, 1 from cytomegalovirus viremia within 29 d after transplantation and the remaining from infection or gastrointestinal reaction after pretreated. All patients were cured by anti-infection and other symptomatic relief and supportive treatment. All patients were followed up for 29.8(5.3-61.5) months. In 14 patients, 5 cases recurred. 11 patients survived and 3 died of recurrence. The postoperative 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 86％ and 79％, and the postoperative 1- and 3-year DFS rates were 64％ and 57％. Conclusions Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective in the treatment of majority patients with low- or moderate-risk AML.
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IGH gene rearrangement and IGK-Kde gene deletion can be used as molecular markers for the assessment of B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Minimal residual disease detected based on those markers is currently the most reliable prognosis factor in B-ALL. The aim of this study was to use clonal IGH/IGK-Kde gene rearrangements to confirm B-ALL diagnosis and to evaluate the treatment outcome of Tunisian leukemic patients by monitoring the minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy. Seventeen consecutive newly diagnosed B-ALL patients were investigated by multiplex PCR assay and real time quantitative PCR according to BIOMED 2 conditions. The vast majority of clonal VH-JH rearrangements included VH3 gene. For IGK deletion, clonal VK1f/6-Kde recombinations were mainly identified. These rearrangements were quantified to follow-up seven B-ALL after induction using patient-specific ASO. Four patients had an undetectable level of MRD with a sensitivity of up to 10-5. This molecular approach allowed identification of prognosis risk group and adequate therapeutic decision. The IGK-Kde and IGH gene rearrangements might be used for diagnosis and MRD monitoring of B-ALL, introduced for the first time in Tunisian laboratories.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Gene Rearrangement/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology , Neoplasm, Residual , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of marginal division of the striatum (MrD) stroke on associative learning and memory. Methods A total of 21 cases with marginal division of the striatum stroke were used as stroke group. The control group consisted of 21 healthy volunteers matched with the stroke group for sex, age and education. The clinical memory scale edited by Psychological research institute, Chinese academy of sciences was used to evaluate data of learning and memory. Results The score was significantly lower in stroke group compared with that of control group (17.71±5.59 vs. 24.80±5.05, P<0.01). The score was significantly lower in patients with lesions on left than that in patients with lesions on right (11.78 ± 1.48 vs. 22.17 ± 2.17, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the score between hemorrhagic stroke group (16.50±6.59) and ischemic stroke group (18.46±5.01,P>0.05). Conclusion Marginal division of the striatum stroke can cause the associative learning and memory disorder, which is more serious in patients with lesions on left than that in patients with lesions on right.
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Objective To explore the effects of marginal division of the striatum (MrD) stroke on associative learning and memory. Methods A total of 21 cases with marginal division of the striatum stroke were used as stroke group. The control group consisted of 21 healthy volunteers matched with the stroke group for sex, age and education. The clinical memory scale edited by Psychological research institute, Chinese academy of sciences was used to evaluate data of learning and memory. Results The score was significantly lower in stroke group compared with that of control group (17.71±5.59 vs. 24.80±5.05, P<0.01). The score was significantly lower in patients with lesions on left than that in patients with lesions on right (11.78 ± 1.48 vs. 22.17 ± 2.17, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the score between hemorrhagic stroke group (16.50±6.59) and ischemic stroke group (18.46±5.01,P>0.05). Conclusion Marginal division of the striatum stroke can cause the associative learning and memory disorder, which is more serious in patients with lesions on left than that in patients with lesions on right.
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Minimal residual disease is the most powerful predictor of outcome in acute leukemia and is useful in therapeutic stratification for acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocols. Nowadays, the most reliable methods for studying minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia are multiparametric flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. Both provide similar results at a minimal residual disease level of 0.01% of normal cells, that is, detection of one leukemic cell in up to 10,000 normal nucleated cells. Currently, therapeutic protocols establish the minimal residual disease threshold value at the most informative time points according to the appropriate methodology employed. The expertise of the laboratory in a cancer center or a cooperative group could be the most important factor in determining which method should be used. In Brazil, multiparametric flow cytometry laboratories are available in most leukemia treatment centers, but multiparametric flow cytometry processes must be standardized for minimal residual disease investigations in order to offer reliable and reproducible results that ensure quality in the clinical application of the method. The Minimal Residual Disease Working Group of the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation (SBTMO) was created with that aim. This paper presents recommendations for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on the literature and expertise of the laboratories who participated in this consensus, including pre-analytical and analytical methods. This paper also recommends that both multiparametric flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction are complementary methods, and so more laboratories with expertise in immunoglobulin/T cell receptor (Ig/TCR) gene assays are necessary in Brazil.
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Humans , Flow Cytometry , Immunophenotyping , Neoplasm, Residual , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-LymphomaABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expression of sal-like 4 (SALL4) gene in children with acute leukemia and analyze its clinical significance. Methods:Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect SALL4 mRNA and SALL4 protein ex-pressions in 50 patients initially diagnosed with acute leukemia and in 15 patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), which served as controls. Changes were detected in SALL4 mRNA expression from preliminary diagnosis and after complete remission of 5 acute leukemia patients. The relationship between SALL4 mRNA expression and clinical indicators was analyzed. Results: SALL4 mRNA expression is higher in initially diagnosed B-ALL [13.89 (1.00-63.15)] and AML [11.12 (2.31-56.59)] than in ITP controls [1.00 (0.29-1.71)] (P0.05). SALL4 protein expression is in agreement with SALL4 mRNA expression. SALL4 mRNA expression significant-ly decreased in complete remission stage [0.98 (0.22-1.09)] than in acute phase [28.64 (11.20-87.46)] in acute-leukemia patients (P0.05). Conclusion:SALL4 was found to play an important role in pro-moting childhood B-ALL and AML, which promises a new target for monitoring the therapeutic effects and evaluating the prognosis of childhood B-ALL and AML.
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Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV)is a novel Fijivirus prevalent in rice in southern and central China, and northern Vietnam. Its genome has 10 segments of double-stranded RNA named S1 to S10according to their size. An isolate of SRBSDV, JNi4, was obtained from naturally infected maize plants from Ji'ning, Shandong province, in the 2008 maize season. Segments S7 to S10 of JNi4 share nucleotide identities of 72.6%-73.1%, 72.3%-73%, 73.9%-74.5% and 77.3%-79%, respectively, with corresponding segments of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolates, and identities of 99.7%, 99. 1%-99.7%, 98.9%-99.5%, and 98.6%-99.2% with those of SRBSDV isolates HN and GD. JNi4 forms a separate branch with GD and HN in the phylogenetic trees constructed with genomic sequences of S7 to S10. These results confirm the proposed taxonomic status of SRBSDV as a distinct species of the genus Fijivirus and indicate that JNi4 is an isolate of SRBSDV. Shandong is so far the northernmost region where SRBSDV is found in China.
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PURPOSE: To investigate clinical outcomes and to analyze the factors of successful treatment of conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection (CMMR) in patients with mild to moderate ptosis. METHODS: The medical records of 22 patients (30 eyes) with upper lid ptosis were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent conjunctiva-Muller muscle resections, and four patients (seven eyes) underwent concurrent upper lid blepharoplasty. The mean follow-up period was 81.62 +/- 21 days. Pre- and post-operative MRD1, IPF and pupil to brow distance were measured using the Image J program. A preoperative phenylephrine test and a pathologic examination were performed to analyze the presence of Muller's muscle and the tear secreting glands from the CMMR specimens. RESULTS: The overall success rate of the procedure was 93%. Postoperatively, the MRD1 increased on average by 1.47 mm (p = 0.00) and increased by an average of 1.72 mm when the phenylephrine test response was greater than 2 mm and by 0.99 mm when the response less than 2 mm. The Muller muscle was observed in every specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection is an effective and safe method for treating mild to moderate ptosis, for which the preoperative phenylephrine test result is the most important factor for surgical success.
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Humans , Blepharoplasty , Conjunctiva , Follow-Up Studies , Medical Records , Muscles , Phenylephrine , Pupil , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Residual disease in patients with acute leukaemia indicates unfavorable prognosis. The evaluation of remission using flow cytometry allows a better estimation of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases. Patients in morphological marrow remission with presence of blast cells of less than 5%, may still have up to 1010 leukaemic cells. However with flow cytometric analysis, lower levels of the residual leukaemic cells (1 in 104 cells) can be detected and it can be used as a tool to predict relapse. This study compared the presenting clinical and haematological features of children with ALL and their residual disease status determined by flow cytometry. Analysis of their MRD status following remission-induction chemotherapy were done at day-28, week-12 and week-20. The cases were also followed up to five years, to determine their survival status. Their residual disease status by flow cytometric immunophenotyping was also compared with their bone marrow findings morphologically. Thirty-eight cases of precursor B-ALL in pediatric patients from UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC) were analyzed. There was no significant correlation between demographic, clinical and haematological features with MRD status at day-28. However, there was a significant correlation between MRD status by flow cytometry and by morphological marrow examination at week-12. Three cases showed persistent MRD findings until week-20 where two of the cases relapsed and died subsequently. Twenty four patients were still alive after five years of follow up.
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Objective To investigate the kinetics of PML-RARα fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL)to monitor minimal residual disease(MRD). Methods In induction therapy,consolidation and maintenance therapy courses, PML-RARα fusion gene was performed by RT-PCR. Results The long-term follow-up of 18 cases achieved complete remission (CR),two cases experienced molecular relapse. One case relapsed at 4 months after CR1 and achieved CR2 after induction therapy. However, molecular and hematology relapsed again at 2 months after CR2 and re-achieved CR3. The other case relapsed at 74 months after CR1 and achieved CR2 after induction treatment, who had survived for 106 months until the end of follow-up. Conclusion RT-PCR assay for detection of PML-RARα should be performed regularly during CR period so as to find molecular relapse eady. Hematological relapse could potentially be averted through treatment modification according to molecular monitoring results of PML-RARα.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effects of conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection through conjunctival incision in anophthalmic patients with mild ptosis. METHODS: Conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection was performed by one surgeon in 8 patients (8 eyes) who had received evisceration or enucleation and responded to 10% phenylephrine solution to correct ptosis. The average age of the patients was 35.87+/-13.4 years. Ptosis was seen from 1 to 34 months after evisceration or enucleation. The preoperative MRD 1 was -2 to 0.5 mm (average: -0.25+/-1.10 mm) and the difference of MRD 1 between before and after 10% phenylephrine use was 2.56+/-0.98 mm. The Muller muscle was resected 7.5 to 9 mm through conjunctival incision during surgery to match the MRD 1 of sound eye. Mean follow-up period after the operation was 2 to 16 months (average: 8.1 months). RESULTS: Postoperatively, the MRD 1 increased by 1.81+/-0.88 mm on the average, corresponding to the improvement in lid elevation after the use of 10% phenylephrine performed before resection. Surgery was successful in most patients, and postoperative difference in MRD 1 was less than 1 mm from the sound eye. No special postoperative complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection is one of the effective methods of correcting mild ptosis in anophthalmic patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anophthalmos/complications , Blepharoptosis/etiology , Conjunctiva/surgery , Eyelids/physiopathology , Facial Muscles/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Muscle Contraction , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effects of conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection through conjunctival incision in anophthalmic patients with mild ptosis. METHODS: Conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection was performed by one surgeon in 8 patients (8 eyes) who had received evisceration or enucleation and responded to 10% phenylephrine solution to correct ptosis. The average age of the patients was 35.87+/-13.4 years. Ptosis was seen from 1 to 34 months after evisceration or enucleation. The preoperative MRD 1 was -2 to 0.5 mm (average: -0.25+/-1.10 mm) and the difference of MRD 1 between before and after 10% phenylephrine use was 2.56+/-0.98 mm. The Muller muscle was resected 7.5 to 9 mm through conjunctival incision during surgery to match the MRD 1 of sound eye. Mean follow-up period after the operation was 2 to 16 months (average: 8.1 months). RESULTS: Postoperatively, the MRD 1 increased by 1.81+/-0.88 mm on the average, corresponding to the improvement in lid elevation after the use of 10% phenylephrine performed before resection. Surgery was successful in most patients, and postoperative difference in MRD 1 was less than 1 mm from the sound eye. No special postoperative complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctiva-Muller muscle resection is one of the effective methods of correcting mild ptosis in anophthalmic patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anophthalmos/complications , Blepharoptosis/etiology , Conjunctiva/surgery , Eyelids/physiopathology , Facial Muscles/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Muscle Contraction , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphological changes in the external eyes after upper blepharoplasty. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty from May 2002 to May 2003 were selected. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. MRD1, MRD2, interpalpebral fissure height, and levator function test were each measured twice, and the averages were calculated. Likewise, significant changes were checked before and after the operation. The subjects were divided into two groups. For group A (n=12), a double line suture was stitched at the levator aponeurosis, which was directly superior to the tarsal plate. In group B (n=14) the suture was stitched at a levator aponeurosis 3 mm superior to tarsal plate. The delta levator function (postoperative mean levator function minus preoperative mean levator function) measurements were calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The MRD1 was 2.04+/-0.75 (mean+/-SD) before the operation, and 2.0+/-0.81 after the operation. MRD2 was 5.23+/-0.75 before the operation, 5.35+/-0.54 after operation. Interpalpebral fissure height was 7.27+/-0.38 before the operation and 7.35+/-0.63 after the operation. There were no statistically significant factors before and after the operation in MRD1, MRD2 and interpalpebral fissure height. The levator function was 14.04+/-1.80 before versus 16.19+/-1.58 after. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.01, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). The delta levator function was 1.58+/-0.90 for group A and 1.96+/-1.36 for group B. CONCLUSIONS: After upper blepharoplasty, the measurement of levator function increased significantly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blepharoplasty , Eyelids , SuturesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors that affect the eyelid height changes during the postoperative period in patients who underwent levator resection under local anesthesia. METHODS: Among the 242 patients that underwent levator resection under local anesthesia by the same surgeon between January on 1995 and December 2003, marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed using a caliper in 91 patients who were followed for more than 3 months. RESULTS: There were 36 males and 55 females, aged between 12 and 78 years (average of 33.6 years). The average follow-up period of the patients was 8.7 months (3 months ~ 58 months). During this period, 86 patients (94.5%) experienced satisfactory results. The average change in the MRD1 of the eyelids preoperatively, during the operation, and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively were 0.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.4 mm, and 2.2 mm, respectively. The MRD1 decreased 1.2 mm after 1 month and stabilized. When the levator function was greater than 8 mm, the height of the eyelids stabilized within 1 week. The worse the function of the levator palpebrae, such as in the case of congenital ptosis, the greater the correction was needed. CONCLUSIONS: Levator resection under local anesthesia is a preferable method in adjusting the height of the eyelids. In a patient with poor levator function, a greater amount of correction is needed to achieve a satisfactory eyelid height.