Robotic Mechanical Localization of Prostate Cancer Correlates with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans

PURPOSE: To evaluate the concordance of cancer location of the tissue mapping from a mechanical pressure transducer with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 indentations were performed on 5 prostate specimens obtained after radical prostatectomy utilizing a robotic indentation system. The mechanical elastic moduli of suspected malignant lesions were calculated and mapped, and their locations were compared with suspicious areas of malignancy on MRI scans. RESULTS: The concordance rate between the location mapping from the robotic indentation system and MRI scans results was 90.0% (54/60). The sensitivity and specificity of the robotic indentation system were 87.9% (29/33) and 92.6% (25/27), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.5% (29/31) and 93.1% (27/29), respectively. CONCLUSION: The locations of malignant lesions derived from our robotic indentation system correlated strongly with the locations of suspected areas of malignancy on MRI scans. Our robotic system may provide a more targeted biopsy of the prostate than conventional non-targeted systemic biopsy, possibly improving the diagnostic accuracy of prostatic biopsies for cancer.

Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis presenting with central diabetes insipidus: a case report and review of previous Korean cases / 대한내과학회지

Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis is a neuroendocrine disorder characterized by autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis. Clinical findings such as acute onset central diabetes insipidus and the regression of characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings allow for the possible diagnosis of this disease. Three cases of lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis have been previously reported in Korea. Here we report a case in a 66-year-old woman, along with a review of previously reported occurrences in Korea. A woman presented with abrupt-onset central diabetes insipidus. Sella MRI showed thickening of the pituitary stalk and loss of high T1 signals that are associated with a normal neurohypophysis. Basal pituitary hormone levels were normal with the exception of growth hormone, which was low. The patient refused transsphenoidal pituitary biopsy and we thus chose to continue close clinical and radiologic follow-up after desmopressin nasal spray application. The need for desmopressin decreased slightly over time and MRI obtained after 6 months showed regression of the pituitary stalk lesion.

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia with Two Tiny High Signal Intensities at the Head of Both Hippocampi on Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 신경정신의학

We report on a patient with transient global amnesia (TGA) showing increased tiny signal intensities at the head of both hippocampi on diffusion-weighted image (DWI) performed on the second day after the onset of symptoms. The T1-weighted image using 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no signal changes, but the T2-weighted image showed slight signal changes at the same portion of both hippocampi. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed on the 4th day after the onset of TGA showed no perfusion abnormalities. This patient experienced an extreme emotional stress before the onset of TGA, and the patient's TGA started by a simultaneous Valsava-like maneuver. We discuss the venous congestion/ischemia hypothesis for TGA. This case confirms that DWI is a sensitive and useful tool for evaluating the early stage of TGA.