ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted at Mpanga Research Forest located in Mpigi District, Uganda, during the months of March, April, May and Jun 2020 (for the first rainy season) then in September, October, November, and December 2020 (for the second rainy season) to determine the diversity and distribution of macrofungi as well as their influence by seasonality, and physicochemical properties of the soil. An inventory was carried out through plot sampling and survey which consists of installing three permanent plots of 30 m x 30 m in each of the four selected sites, the soil was also measured in the sample plots. To measure distribution and diversity, abundance, species richness, density, and Simpson's and Shannon's indices were calculated. SPSS version 20 software was used for the significance tests of the diversity parameters between the two rainy seasons and for those of the correlation between the soil factors and the abundance of macrofungi species. A total of 120 species of basidiomycetous macrofungi distributed in 53 genera and 22 families were recorded. The dominant genus was Psathyrella followed by Marasmius belonging to the most dominant families (Coprinaceae and Marasmiaceae), and the most dominant orders (Agaricales and Tricholomatales). During the two rainy seasons, the majority of the species that have been collected belong to the group of saprophytes. Macrofungi species collected during the second rainy season were more abundant and diverse than those collected during the first rainy season. Among the physicochemical properties of the soil, pH, calcium, potassium, nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, clay, sand and organic matter were significantly correlated with the abundance of macrofungal species. The results of this study provided basic information on the diversity of macrofungi in Mpanga forest, it can be a point of reference for further research to study the evolution of macrofungal biodiversity in this forest.
ABSTRACT
This study focused on the documentation of wild macrofungi species used by village communities living around Mpanga Forest in Mpigi District, Central Uganda. In order to determine the variability of knowledge and the modes of use of macrofungi by the local communities, a total of 100 people, distributed in 4 villages (Kalagala, Nakigudde, Mpambire, and Lwanga) including 25 people in each, were interviewed following a semi-structured survey. The information focused on vernacular names, different species of macrofungi used, different categories of uses (food, medicinal, commercial, mythical, and traditional beliefs), Seasonality, habitat, preservation, and preparation methods. The diversity of macrofungi was assessed by combining visits in Mpanga forest and ethnomycological surveys. Ethnomycological indices such as Total Use Value (TUV), Diversity Index (DI), Pielou Regularity Index (EI), and Sorensen's K test were calculated to analyze the use differences between the 4 village communities. To determine the influence of age, gender and literacy level on the mycological knowledge held by village communities, one-way ANOVA and t-tests were used. The field collections associated with the ethnomycological surveys made it possible to identify a total of 35 species useful for the local communities among which, 29 are edible, 14 are medicinal, 5 are used for income and 4 are used for mythical and traditional beliefs. Due to their higher total use value (TUV>1), species such as Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus (Ggudu), Termitomyces sp.1 (Bubbala) and Termitomyces sp.2 (Nakyebowa) are the most exploited by local communities. The study revealed that ethnomycological knowledge is held by a minority of respondents (IE<0.5) within each village community, a consistency homogeneity of this knowledge within this minority (DI<DImax/2), but high variability in the use of macrofungi between village communities as indicated by TUV values ??and Sorensen's K test. The study also shown that the distribution of mycological knowledge of local communities was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by gender, age and level of education. The results of this study provided information that could, in the future, be used in the domestication of wild macrofungi species and in mycomedecine to contribute to food security and improve public health care.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Corticioid and poroid fungi are traditional morphological groups composed of ligninolytic species. Due to their efficiency in wood decomposition process, many species have great ecological importance, especially in nutrient cycling, as well as for their biotechnological properties. Nevertheless, knowledge about these fungi is scarce in many phytogeographic regions of Brazil, as is the case of the Cerrado, since mycodiversity studies in this biome are mainly focused on areas of the São Paulo state. Here we present the taxonomic inventory of corticioid and poroid fungi from the Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (REC-UEG), a Cerrado remnant in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. The area is covered by three typical Cerrado landscapes (cerrado stricto sensu, mesophilic forest, and gallery forest), widely explored for scientific and educational purposes by the academic and regional community which seeks to learn about and preserve its biodiversity. Exsiccates deposited in the fungarium of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás (HUEG-Fungi) were analyzed. They are the result of collections made over 20 years, in approximately 103 ha of the reserve. Samples were characterized macro and microscopically and identified based on specialized literature. 51 species were recognized, which are distributed in 33 genera, 15 families, and five orders. Species were most frequent in forested areas and among them, six are new occurrence records for the Cerrado, nine for the Midwest region, and nine for the Goiás state. These results contribute to increase the knowledge of these fungi in the Cerrado, as well as geographic distribution, and show the relevance of preserving the reserve for the regional Funga representativity.
Resumo Fungos corticioides e poroides são assim agrupados com base em aspectos morfológicos e compostos por espécies essencialmente lignícolas. Por sua eficiência no processo de decomposição da madeira, muitas espécies desses grupos apresentam grande importância ecológica, especialmente na ciclagem de nutrientes, além de propriedades para aplicações biotecnológicas. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre esses fungos é escasso em algumas regiões fitogeográficas do Brasil, como é o caso do Cerrado, uma vez que os estudos da micodiversidade no bioma estão focados principalmente em áreas do estado de São Paulo. Portanto, aqui apresentamos o inventário taxonômico de fungos corticioides e poroides da Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (REC-UEG), um remanescente de Cerrado no município de Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil. A área é formada por três fitofisionomias típicas do Cerrado (cerrado stricto sensu, mata mesófila e mata de galeria) e é amplamente explorada para fins científicos e educacionais pela comunidade acadêmica regional, que buscam conhecer e preservar sua biodiversidade. Foram analisadas exsicatas depositadas no fungário da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (HUEG-Fungos), cujo acervo é fruto de coletas realizadas ao longo de 20 anos nos cerca de 103 hectares da reserva. As amostras foram caracterizadas macro e microscopicamente e identificadas com base na literatura especializada. Foram reconhecidas 51 espécies, distribuídas em 33 gêneros, 15 famílias e cinco ordens. As espécies são mais frequentes em áreas de mata na reserva e entre elas seis configuram novos registros de ocorrência para o Cerrado, nove para região Centro-Oeste e nove para o estado de Goiás. Desse modo, esses resultados contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento desses fungos no Cerrado, assim como da distribuição geográfica das espécies, além de mostrar a importância da preservação da reserva para a representatividade da Funga regional.
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Objective: This study has investigated cosmeceutical properties namely, antibacterial, sun protection factor and total phenolics contents of some selected macrofungi. The studies were conducted on five reference cultures collected from Indian type culture collection center (IMTEC, Chandigarh, India) and five isolates collected from TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre facility at TERI Gram, Gurugram, India. Methods: The cosmeceutical properties of the crude extracts from selected macrofungi were analyzed using standard bioassay techniques. Antibacterial activity was analyzed against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii using Agar well diffusion method. The sun protection factor was estimated and calculated using the Mansur equation. Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH was performed to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Results: Ethyl acetate extracts of the broth from P. florida and TERI-G1 cultures showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, E. coli, M. luteus and B. megaterium. Ethyl acetate extracts of the broth from TERI-G3 showed the highest SPF activity of 34.02 at 200 µg. ml-1 concentration. Ethyl acetate extract of the broth from F. velutipes, P. florida, P. ostreatus, and TERI-G1 showed comparable antioxidant activity of 66.86%, 79.51%, 82.02%, and 69.58% respectively when compared to ascorbic acid (85.83%) and quercetin (83.09%) taken as positive control in the study and their total phenolic contents were found to be 6.93, 43.68, 20.88 and 13.77 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram. The minimal inhibitory concentration of F. velutipes, P. florida, P. ostreatus, and TERI-G1 was found to be 3552.89 µg. ml-1, 1250 µg. ml-1, 2418.9 µg. ml-1 and 3219 µg. ml-1 respectively. Conclusion: The work is in progress to identify and characterize TERI-G1and TERI G3 cultures. Further studies on the anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, elastase inhibition properties of the cultures will be assessed to identify potential cosmeceutical active ingredients with promising applications in cosmeceutical products.
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In order to develop and utilize the macrofungi in Heilongjiang province, numerous literatures have been investigated to make a comprehensive analysis of the number of known species of fungi in Heilongjiang province. There exists a total of 546 species of macrofungus in Heilongjiang province belonging to 53 families and 13 orders of 6 classes and 2 subdivisions. And its application value is classified, summarized and reviewed. Three hundred and twenty kinds of edible fungi, 214 species of fungi with medicinal value, medicinal value in the anti-cancer effects of 167 species of fungi, 141 wood rot fungi, 141 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, 88 poisonous species, 67 macrofungus which are not clarified whether could be edible or toxic. It shows a broad prospects for development and utilization of macrofungus resources in Heilongjiang province.
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Basidiomycetous macrofungi play important roles in maintaining forest ecosystems via carbon cycling and the mobilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. To understand the impact of human activity on macrofungi, an ongoing project at the Korea National Arboretum is focused on surveying the macrofungi in unexploited areas. Mt. Oseo was targeted in this survey because the number of visitors to this destination has been steadily increasing, and management and conservation plans for this destination are urgently required. Through 5 field surveys of Mt. Oseo from April to October 2012, 116 specimens of basidiomycetous macrofungi were collected and classified. The specimens were identified to the species level by analyzing their morphological characteristics and their DNA sequence data. A total of 80 species belonging to 57 genera and 25 families were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify five of these species-Artomyces microsporus, Hymenopellis raphanipes, Pholiota abietis, Phylloporus brunneiceps, and Sirobasidium magnum-in Korea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Base Sequence , Carbon , Checklist , Ecosystem , Human Activities , Korea , Nitrogen , Pholiota , PhosphorusABSTRACT
Fungal diseases, site and stand characteristics were investigated in Yenice forest sub-district headquarters belonging to Ilgaz forest enterprise. Diseases and wood decaying fungi on fallen and cut tree stumps were determined on scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), crimean pine (P. nigra subsp. nigra var.caramanica), and uludag fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana). Altitude (m), exposure, slope (%), relief, rate of mixture (%) and anthropogenic effects were noted for 56 sample plots which have various stand compositions. Age, breast height diameter (cm), top height (m), crown and bole quality, regeneration quality and development of representative tree species were also recorded into vegetation forms. Yellow witches’ broom (Melampsorella caryophyllacearum), which caused drying of uludag fir trees, was determined. Besides, 53 macrofungi species belonging to 3 divisions, 10 orders, 25 families and 36 genera were determined. Some of them cause white and brown decay on living and core wood. The most common parasitic and saprobe fungi are Galerina Ganoderma, Gloeophyllum, Gymnopilus, Hypholoma, Lentinus, Phellinus, Pleurotus, Polyporus and Stereum species in the research area. Trichaptum abietinum is also typical wood decay fungi for living or cut fir trees and it is very common in the research area.