ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a common cause of liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of honokiol (Hon) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mice were administrated with Hon (10 and 30 mg/kg) after APAP (300 mg/kg) treatment. On 1.5 h and 5 h after Hon treatment, mice were sacrificed. Serum and liver were collected. And then, liver injury-related indexes, APAP metabolism-related indexes, mitochondrial respiratory chain function-related indexes, and mitochondrial membrane function-related protein expression were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#It was found that Hon significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion, increased hepatic catalase (CAT) and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced hepatic MDA and 3-nitrotyrosine contents, inhibited hepatic CYP1A2 activity and APAP protein adducts (APAP-CYS) formation. Meanwhile, oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV in mitochondrial respiratory chain was increased, whereas the release of H2O2 in the mitochondria was decreased following Hon treatment. Furthermore, Hon markedly down-regulated p-JNK in both cytosol and mitochondria, and obviously inhibited the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) from mitochondria to cytosol.@*CONCLUSION@#Hon alleviated APAP-induced liver injury through the following pathways: Reducing the production of APAP-CYS by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity; Ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress by increasing the levels of hepatic CAT, GSH-Px and GSH; Improving mitochondrial respiratory chain function by promoting oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV; Improving the function of mitochondrial membrane by inhibiting p-JNK and its translocation to mitochondria, thereby reducing the release of AIF and EndoG.
ABSTRACT
Objective: SSR markers, primers and unigene function in the transcriptome of Magnolia officinalis were analyzed in this study to provide powerful tools for molecular marker-assisted breeding and resources protection in this plant. Methods: A total of 16 369 unigenes obtained by transcriptome sequencing were used to explore SSR. SSR primers were designed by Primer.0 3 and 45 pairs were randomly selected for PCR. The gene function analysis of SSR unigene were obtained by Blast. Results: A total of 8 635 SSR were identified, accounting for 52.75%. Among them, mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide type were the dominant types, and the type which repeated for 10 times was the most. Additionally, the dominant repeat types were A/T, AG/CT and AAG/CTT, and the distribution frequencies were 47.16%, 31.74%, and 6.53%. Twenty-two pairs of 45 primers produced fragments with expected molecular size. Unigenes containing SSR were annotated to the process of energy and redox reaction, RNA transport, spliceosome and plant hormone signal transduction metabolic pathway. Conclusion: The SSR markers in the transcriptome of M.officinalis show rich type, strong specificity and high potential, which will benefit to the candidate gene mining and marker-assisted breeding.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Based on the data of transcriptome sequencing of Magnolia officinalis, MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were completed in detail by using bioinformatics methods. Methods: MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatics in the following aspects: physical and chemical characteristics of amino acid sequences, function domain, hyophobicity or hydrophilicity, secondary structure and tertiary structure of protein, molecular phylogenetic evolution, and so on; The expression levels of MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 were identified by real-time PCR. Results: ORF Finder indicated that MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were full-length, and they all were unstable hydrophobic proteins; Structural domain of MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 showed high homology with other plants; The secondary structures all were hybrid architecture, and alpha helixes were the major motifs, tertiary structure of protein was predicted by Homology modeling; Sequence alignment that MoDXS family had relative close relationship to the DXS of Nicotiana tabacum, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Arabidopsis thaliana; The results of evolutionary relationship analysis showed that MoDXS1 had relative close relationship to angiosperm, but MoDXS2 was clustered in a clade solely; The expression levels of DXS1 in M. officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba were not significantly different, but the expression level of DXS2 in M. officinalis var. biloba was higher than that in M. officinalis. By applying the technique of GC-MS, the contents of major volatile components β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-eudesmol in M. officinalis var. biloba are higher than those in M. officinalis. Conclusion: The results provide theoretical reference for studies on secondary metabolic regulation in terpenoid of M. officinalis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To research the constituents of the volatile oil from the fruits, flowers, skins, and leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba produced in Jinggangshan. This research will provide the medicinal nature proof for the different parts of M. officinalis var. biloba. Methods: The volatile oil from M. officinalis var. biloba was extracted by steam distillation, and the components of the volatile oil were separated and structurally identified by gas chromatlgraphy-mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of various volatile oil ingredients was determined by the area normalizing method in gas chromatography. Results: All 75 compounds were identified from M. officinalis var. biloba in Jinggangshan. Among them 42 compounds like 1-caryophyllene and α-pinene in nuts were identified and the relative content was 98.7%. Nineteen compounds like 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and camphene in the flowers were identified and the relative content was 77.59%. Twenty-four compounds like α-eudesmol, and 44 alkanes in the skins were identified and the relative content was 77.92%. Thirty-two compounds like 1-caryophyllene and α-eudesmol in the leaves were identified and the relative content was 76.48%. The common constituents were 1-caryophyllene and triteracontane. The comparative analysis showed that the volatile oils existed in M. officinalis var. biloba. Conclusion: Based on the above research, we suggest that the leaves of M. officinalis var. biloba can replace the skins of M. officinalis var. biloba as medicine, The fruits of M. officinalis var. biloba also can be used to heal the desease; The flowers of M. officinalis var. biloba have little active content, which can not be used as medicine.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba. Methods: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by spectral analyses. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated in the 75% ethanol extract from the leaves of M. officinalis var. biloba and identified as lirioresinol-A (1), 6, 7-dimethoxycoumarin (2), indole-3-aldehyde (3), S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol (4), loliolide (5), magnolol (6), trans-p-coumaryl aldehyde (7), honokiol (8), 4-allylphenol (9), nonacosanoic acid (10), grasshopper ketone (11), and syringin (12). Conclusion: Compounds 1-5, 7, 9-11 are first isolated from the leaves of M. officinalis var. biloba and plants of this genus.
ABSTRACT
Objective Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (Hou Po) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used to treat a wide variety of clinical diseases such as wind-stroke, headache, cold and heat, fright qi, blood mpediment and dead muscle. In this study, H NMR-based metabonomics approach was used to nvestigate the toxicity of Houpo and Houpo combined with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhi Shi). Methods Male Wistar rats were divided nto three groups: control, group of Houpuo, group of Houpo combined with Zhishi. Based on H NMR spectra of urine and serum from rats, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to dentify different metabolic profiles. Liver and kidney histopathology examinations were also performed. Results PLS-DA scores plots demonstrated that the metabolic profile treated with Houpo alone was different from that of the control rats. The metabolic profile of the group treated with Houpo combined with Zhishi was similar with that of the control. Statistics results were confirmed by the histopathological examination. Conclusion The combination of Houpo and Zhishi would relieve the damage n iver and kidney caused by Houpo.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the induction and growth of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils. callus and to compare the content of active components in callus from different sources.METHODS: The factors influencing the induction and growth of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils. callus were studied by single factor analysis and orthogonal design. The contents of active components in callus from different sources were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: In the various explants, the apical buds and stem fragments exhibited the best ability of dedifferentiation to form callus, followed by pistils. The optimum culture medium of the callus induction was B5+NAA0.1 mg?L-1+6-BA1.0 mg?L-1, while the culture medium B5+NAA0.5 mg?L-1+6-BA4.0 mg?L-1 markedly improved the growth of the callus; after secondary culture of the callus induced by the WPM basic medium, the total content of Magnolol plus Honokiol ranged from 0.167 9% to 0.234 4%, but the induction rate of the callus was low at 33.08%～48.65%. Under the culture condition of MS+NAA0.5 mg?L-1+6-BA1.0 mg?L-1,the rate of callus induction was 62.12% and the total content of Magnolol plus Honokiol after secondary culture was 0.168 6%. CONCLUSION: The results serve as reference in the tissue culture of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils and the screening of the high production cell line.
ABSTRACT
Object\ To establish a method for the identification of Magnolia officinalis Rehd et Wils (Magnoliaceae) from its imitation the Ilex rotunda Thunb (Aquifoliacea) Methods\ By UV spectrophotometry Results\ The UV spectra of the two herbal drugs gave different maximum absorption peaks both in number and intensities Conclusion\ The method was both simple and accurate and can be used to distinguish one from the other