Exploiting Genetic Counseling as a Tool for the Analysis of Dissociative Behavior and Sub-normality from Conception to Birth among Maladjusted Blind, Deaf and Dumb Infants

This paper analyzes the dissociation behavior of children from pregnancy to birth and resultant sub-normality using genetic counseling in an attempt to mainstream children with birth disabilities and the challenges of the genetic counselor. Genetic counseling is a process of communication to provide information about a genetic condition, or inheritance, and support decision making and adjustment in families with the inheritance gene. It uses children that need special needs, the blind, deaf and dumb. Genetic counseling approach, re-affirmation, care and integration, and confidence-building institutionalized in school and family life remains some of the vital tools needed to support these children using genetic guidance and counseling as the best approach to adjusting the different maladaptive behavior of children. The genetic counseling approach includes information about the implications of testing positive for the genetic disorder, including the psychological impact and other consequences, whether to inform relatives of your intention to test, or not to test and the usual pattern of progression of the sub-normality identified tested for and its potential treatments. Thus, the paper seems to analyze sub-normality as classified within the adequacy of social adaptation. Analysis of dissociation behavior associated with sub mentality shows discouragement, contempt, and neglect from an early age, emotionally and maladjusted social growth. Therefore, the counselor must experience sub-normality by getting involved and clarifying their feeling toward the children with these disabilities.

Psychological adjustment of children with cancer: relapse and survival perspectives / Ajustamento psicológico de crianças com câncer: perspectivas da recidiva e da remissão / Ajuste psicológico de niños con cáncer: perspectivas de recaída y supervivencia

In Brazil, few studies have investigated the psychological aspects of childhood cancer. The aim of this article was to compare the psychological adjustment of children with cancer from different survival perspectives with that of children without cancer, besides examining potential risk factors. The sample consisted of 179 participants (6-14 years-old) recruited in two Brazilian public hospitals and three schools, and divided in three groups (relapsed, survivors and control). Children answered orally the self-reported Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and Piers-Harris' Self-Concept Scale. No differences were found between groups regarding school and clinical maladjustment, personal adjustment, emotional symptoms and self-concept. Findings also showed positive associations between psychological maladjustment and gender, younger age, lower household income, single parenthood and lower levels of parental education. Conclusions indicate that children with cancer adapt well to the disease and do not present more psychological problems than controls (AU).

No Brasil, poucos estudos investigaram os aspectos psicológicos do câncer infantil. O objetivo deste artigo foi comparar o ajustamento psicológico de crianças com câncer com diferentes perspectivas de sobrevivência com o de crianças sem câncer, além de examinar potenciais fatores de risco. A amostra consistiu em 179 participantes (6-14 anos de idade) recrutados em dois hospitais públicos e três escolas brasileiras. As crianças responderam oralmente à Escala de Avaliação Comportamental para Crianças, à Escala de Ansiedade Manifesta para Crianças Revisada e à Escala de Autoconceito Piers-Harris. Não foram constatadas diferenças entre os grupos com relação ao desajustamento clínico e escolar, ajustamento pessoal, sintomas emocionais e autoconceito. Os resultados também mostraram associações positivas entre o desajustamento psicológico e gênero, menor idade, menor renda, famílias monoparentais e menor nível educacional parental. As conclusões indicam que crianças com câncer se adaptam bem à doença e não apresentam mais problemas psicológicos que as do grupo controle (AU).

Na Brasil, pocos estudios han investigado los aspectos psicológicos del cáncer infantil. El objetivo de este artículo fue comparar el ajuste psicológico de niños na cáncer na diferentes perspectivas de supervivencia na el de niños sin cáncer, además de examinar los posibles factores de riesgo. La muestra consistió en 179 participantes (6-14 años de edad) reclutados en dos hospitales públicos y tres escuelas brasileñas. Los niños contestaron oralmente a la Escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento del Niño, la Escala Revisada de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños y la Escala de Autoconcepto de Piers-Harris. No se constataron diferencias entre los grupos con respeto al desajuste clínico y escolar, el ajuste personal, los síntomas emocionales y el autoconcepto. Los resultados también mostraron asociaciones positivas entre el desajuste psicológico y el género, la menor edad, la menor renta, las familias monoparentales y el nivel educativo parental más bajo. Las conclusiones señalan que niños con cáncer se adaptan bien a la enfermedad y no presentan más problemas psicológicos que los del grupo de control (AU).

Competencias especializadas de intervención en desadaptación social adolescente / Specialized competencies to intervention with adolescent social maladjustment

Resumen Los comportamientos antisociales que persisten durante la adolescencia, pueden implicar para el individuo un progresivo proceso de desadaptación social, por el cual los adolescentes van progresivamente alejándose de las normas de sus contextos sociales. La intervención educativa y psicosocial en desadaptación social adolescente requiere de una alta especialización, sin embargo, trabajadores sociales, psicólogos y educadores señalan no contar con competencias claras para hacer eficaces sus intervenciones. Mediante un diseño de casos y controles, se buscó identificar las competencias especializadas a las que debiese responder un programa de formación para la intervención en desadaptación social adolescente. Se entrevistó a ocho profesionales del ámbito psico-socio-educativo que participaron de un proceso de formación especializada (casos) y ocho profesionales sin la formación (controles). Emergieron siete macrocompetencias, validadas ante grupo de expertos: (a) Desarrollar un marco integral, informado y coherente sobre el proceso de inadaptación social de los adolescentes y su contexto de enfoque; (b) Diseñar y desarrollar un proceso de evaluación del / la adolescente de atención; (c) Intervenir con el adolescente; (d) Evidencia de comportamiento ético en la intervención; (e) Desarrollar el autoconocimiento constante del interviniente; (f) Promover y desarrollar una relación de ayuda con el adolescente, y (g) Exhibir comportamientos y habilidades que favorecen el trabajo en equipo. Quienes tienen formación destacan las competencias relacionadas a los conocimientos, una mirada prospectiva y el saber hacer, mientras que quienes no han recibido formación destacan el saber ser. Se discute respecto a la necesidad de enfatizar el saber ser en los procesos de formación.

Abstract Antisocial behaviors that persist during adolescence may imply a progressive social imbalance for the individual. Educational and psychosocial intervention in these adolescents requires a high specialization, since when the violation of the law is presented as a persistent pattern of behavior it would be associated with a disadvantaged family, school and social environment where the adolescent experiences difficulties in solving basic needs and seeks alternative ways of coping with life events, adapting to particular contexts, which can often be more reinforcing, ignoring the general social context. This persistent group presents a lot of heterogeneity both in psychological aspects and in criminal behavior, observing different criminal trajectories that require different types of intervention, which further complicates the work of the intervention teams. The trajectories observed in men and of increasing complexity would be: (a) determined by contextual risk factors; (b) adolescents with stories of violation of rights and abandonments; (c) adolescents with traumatic situations in their lives, disruptive behaviors and disorganized functioning; (d) adolescents socialized in criminogenic contexts with stories of rape in them, leading them to an antisocial functioning focused on their personal well-being; (d) adolescents socialized in criminogenic contexts, seeking to validate themselves socially, strengthening their personal identity through countercultural behaviors (Alarcón, et al., 2012). Through a case control design, we seek to identify the specialized skills to which a training program for intervention in adolescent social maladjustment must respond. Eight professionals who participated in a specialized training process (cases) and eight professionals without training (controls) were interviewed. From the content analysis, seven macro competences were validated before a group of experts: (a) Develop a comprehensive, informed and coherent framework on the process of social maladjustment of adolescents and their context of focus; (b) Design and develop an evaluation process of the adolescent of attention; (c) Intervene with the adolescent; (d) Evidence of ethical behavior in the intervention; (e) Develop the constant self-knowledge of the intervener; (f) Promote and develop a helping relationship with the adolescent, and (g) Exhibiting behaviors and skills that promote teamwork. The results confirm specialized competences that emphasize a differentiated vision of the adolescent and the work team as a source of validation in decision making. Similarly, those with training highlight skills related to knowledge, a prospective perspective and know-how; while those who have not received training highlight the attitudes associated with knowing how to be. The need to evaluate the specialization of professional teams that intervene with adolescents who violate the law is discussed, facilitating the development of knowledge, abilities and skills, without neglecting the development of reflective attitudes in the training processes of each professional and within the teams, to promote continuous improvement. As limitations of this study, it is considered that the participants were officials who participated in a training process (cases) and other officials from institutions with similar demographic characteristics but without systematic training (controls); This involved accessing professionals between the ages of 30 and 45, not being able to know the perspective of those under 30 or over 45, or service personnel who share daily with adolescents, being able to link up and influence their changes. As challenges for future research, it is necessary to have indicators to verify competence and observe it with respect to its adjustment with the distinctive characteristics of adolescents. Along with this, the need to observe in greater detail the possibilities of educational and psychosocial intervention in family, school and community contexts that are estimated to involve eventual crisis scenarios for adolescents at the time of reintegration is observed. The above to effectively promote interventions that allow adolescents to exercise their role as citizens.

Factores asociados a la interrupción y mantenimiento de conductas delictivas: "Un estudio con adolescentes atendidos por el Programa de Intervención Integral Especializada de la comuna de Osorno, Chile" / Factors associated to the interruption and continuation of criminal behaviors: "A study with adolescents assisted by the Integral Specialized Intervention Program in the municipality of Osorno, Chile" / Os fatores associados à interrupção e à manutenção de condutas puníveis: "Um estudo com adolescentes atendidos pelo Programa da Intervenção Integral Especializada do comuna de Osorno, Chile"

Resumen El objetivo: fue identificar los factores relacionados con la interrupción y mantenimiento de conductas delictivas en adolescentes egresados de un Programa de Intervención Especializada, del sur de Chile. La metodología: de investigación incluyó: a) un monitoreo estadístico de los 50 adolescentes egresados, a fin de detectar reingresos al Sistema de Protección y al área de Justicia Juvenil del Servicio Nacional de Menores (Sename); b) la aplicación de entrevistas con profundidad a 12 adolescentes (seis reincidentes y seis no reincidentes); c) la realización de entrevistas a referentes familiares y al conjunto de profesionales del equipo de intervención. Los resultados : destacan que el 54 % de los adolescentes monitoreados no presentan reingresos a la Red Sename; sin embargo, al momento del estudio un 26 % de estos se encontraban ingresados a Programas de Protección de Derechos y un 20 % estaban vigentes en Programas de Justicia Juvenil. A nivel cualitativo, se aprecia que el factor de mayor relevancia en el grupo que no registra reingresos es el apoyo de la red familiar y escolar. Para mejorar los procesos de intervención, los profesionales plantean la necesidad de establecer un sistema de acompañamiento especializado, con un fuerte énfasis en el trabajo familiar y vinculación sociocomunitaria.

Abstract The objective; consisted of identifying factors relating to the interruption and preservation of criminal behaviors in adolescents emerging from a Specialized Intervention Program ("Integral Specialized Intervention Program") in the South of Chile. The research methodology: included the following: a) statistic monitoring over 50 adolescents leaving the program, in order to detect readmissions to the Protection System and Juvenile Justice of the National Service for Minors ("Servicio Nacional de Menores" - Sename); b) the application of in-depth interviews to 12 adolescents (six repeat offenders and six non-recidivists); c) the carrying out of interviews with family members or relatives and to the group of professionals of the intervention team. The results: obtained highlight the fact that 54 % of the adolescents having been monitored do not show readmissions to the Sename network; however, at the time of the study 26% thereof had been admitted in the Right Protection Programs and 20% were active in the Juvenile Justice schemes. At a qualitative level, it can be observed that the more relevant factor in the group not having recorded readmissions is support to the family and school network. In order to improve intervention processes, the professionals underline the need to establish a specialized accompaniment system with a strong emphasis on family work and socio-communitarian involvement.

Resumo O objetivo: foi identificar os fatores relacionados à interrupção e à manutenção de comportamentos criminosos nos adolescentes formados de um Programa de Intervenção Especializada, do sul do Chile. A metodologia: da investigação incluiu: a) um monitoramento estatístico dos 50 adolescentes formados, a fim detectar reingressos ao Sistema da Proteção e à área de Justiça Juvenil do Serviço Nacional dos Menores (Sename); b) a aplicação das entrevistas com profundidade a 12 adolescentes (seis reincidentes e seis não-reincidentes); c) a realização das entrevistas a referentes familiares e o conjunto dos profissionais da equipe da intervenção. Os resultados: destacam que 54% dos adolescentes dos monitorados não apresentam reingressos à rede Sename; não obstante, no momento do estudo um 26% destes estavam ingressados em Programas da Proteção de Direitos e um 20% eram válidas nos Programas da Justiça Juvenil. No nível qualitativo, estima-se que o fator de maior relevância no grupo que não regista reingressos é a sustentação da rede familiar e escolar. A fim de melhorar os processos da intervenção, os profissionais explicam a necessidade de estabelecer um sistema de acompanhamento especializado, com uma forte ênfase no trabalho familiar e a vinculação social comunitária.

Clinical Characteristics of Psychiatric Patients with Military Issues Using MMPI-2-RF / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine psychological characteristics of patients who visited psychiatric clinic for medical certificate for military service using MMPI-2-RF. We compared target group with general psychiatric patients with same age range. METHODS: A total of 165 male patients for medical certificate and 154 general psychiatric patients were collected from the Department of Psychiatry of three university hospitals. There were significant differences of age and educational level between two groups. We used independent t-test, ANCOVA, χ² test to examine differences between two groups. RESULTS: Medical certificate group scored higher on the validity scales, the Higher-Order(H-O) scales, the Restructured Clinical(RC) Scales, the Specific Problems(SP) Scales, and the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales. Especially, EID, RC7, HLP, SFD, SAV, SHY, DSF, and INTR-r showed significant differences between two groups on all three statistical tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that psychiatric patients who received psychological evaluation for military service have significantly higher emotional distress, helplessness, lower self-confidence, and lower quality of interpersonal relationships. And the difference of validity scales between two groups could be related with psychological burden of compulsory military service in the study sample which causes elevation on scales of infrequent responses. MMPI-2-RF would be helpful instrument to assess these emotional and psychological characteristics.

Control Study on Temperament and Character Traits, Resilience, and Predictors of Military Maladjusted Soldiers / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to reveal psychological traits, risk factors, and predictors of the military maladjusted group. In addition, we attempted to compare the correlation of temperament, character profile, and resilience between maladjusted and adjusted groups. METHODS: A total of 166 maladjusted soldiers who joined the green camp of three divisions and 125 adjusted soldiers participated in the survey from July to December 2013. As self-report questionnaire methods, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were used. T-test, binary logistic regression analysis, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used as analytical methods. RESULTS: The maladjusted group showed a high level of anxiety, depression, and Harm Avoidance and a low level of resilience, Reward Dependence (RD), Persistence, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness compared with the adjusted group. BDI and RD were found to be statistically significant for prediction of military maladjustment. Higher correlation between resilience and TCI was observed for the maladjusted group, but not the adjusted group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that a high depression level and a low RD level should be included as predictors among target symptoms for development of psychological treatment for the maladjusted group. In addition, we suggest that the level of resilience can affect correlation of resilience with TCI.

Variables psicosociales del entorno comunitario asociadas a procesos de desadaptación social en adolescentes: reflexiones a partir de un estudio de caso / Psychosocial Variables of Community Environment Linked to Social Maladjustment Processes in Adolescents: Reflections from a Case Study

Se analiza la incidencia de un conjunto de variables relacionales y del entorno social construido que actúan como factores de riesgo en procesos de desadaptación social de adolescentes en un barrio de Temuco, Chile. Como técnicas para la producción de datos, se emplearon: la observación participante, las entrevistas focalizadas, el análisis documental, los talleres de discusión grupal y el análisis estructural de redes. En un análisis en progreso de los datos, bajo la lógica de construcción de teoría desde la base, se caracteriza la dinámica barrial en cinco dimensiones: convivencia comunitaria, acción institucional en la comunidad, norma comunitaria, abordaje familiar del comportamiento infantil y adolescente y apropiación del espacio público. Se propone que estas dimensiones en el polo negativo actuarían como variables criminógenas en el espacio comunitario.

This article analyses the incidence of a group of relational and social context constructed variables that act as risk factors in processes of social maladjustment of adolescents in a neighborhood belonging to Temuco city, Chile. The techniques used to produce the data were participant observation, focalized interviews, document analysis, group discussion workshops and structural analysis of networks. In a progressive analysis of the data, using grounded theory, the neighborhood dynamics is characterized by five dimensions: community cohabitation, institutional action in the community, community norm, family approach to child and adolescent behavior; and community taking of the public space. It is proposed that these dimensions in its negative pole would act, within community space, as conducive to crime variables.

The role of psychological capital in stress and mental maladjustment in recruits / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the role of psychological capital in psychological stress and mental maladjustment in recruits.Methods405 recruits were sampled and investigated using the psychological stress selfevaluation test( PSET),the psychological capital questionnaires(PCQ),and military mental maladjustment scale (MMMS).ResultsPsychological stress had significant positive correlation with each factor of mental maladjustment ( r =0.164 ～ 0.438,P ＜ 0.01 ),and psychological capital had significant negative correlation with each factor of mental maladjustment ( r=-0.312 ～ -0.463,P＜ 0.001 ).The hierarchical regression analysis indicated that psychological capital,confidence,hoping,resiliency and optimism had the positive prediction of all the four factors of mental maladjustment,the variance contribution rates were 27.2％,20.1％,25.8％ and 15.9％,respectively; the main effect of psychological capital(β1 =-0.406,P＜0.01 ;β2 =-0.351,P＜0.01 ) and psychological stress(β1 =0.304,P ＜ 0.01 ;β2 =0.267,P ＜ 0.01 ) on recruits'behavioral problem and interpersonal relationship maladjustment was significant,the interaction effect of psychological capital and psychological stress on recruits' behavioral problem (β =- 0.098,P ＜ 0.05 ) and interpersonal relationship maladjustment (β =- 0.087,P ＜ 0.05 ) was significant.ConclusionPsychological capital is a moderator in interaction between mental maladjustment and psychological stress.The PCQ score may predict the variation of recruits'mental status.

Simplified version of prejudice scale of minnesota multiphasic personality inventory and its reliability and validity / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To conduct item analysis on MMPI Prejudice Scale(Pr) and to develop a simplified version of the scale. Methods Pr and Symptom Checklist 90CSCL-90) were used to examine 3, 767 newly recruited soldiers. The difficulty degree and discrimination degree of each item of Pr were analyzed; the correlation between each item score and total score was analyzed; and a simplified version of Pr was developed based on the results of item analysis. The Cronbach's α coefficient values of the original scale and the simplified scale were calculated, and the criterion validity was analyzed using SCL-90 as the validity criterion. For other samples, 16PF, EPQ, and SAS were tested and the simplified scale was also tested at the same time. Results The difficulty degrees of the original scale ranged 0. 04-0. 69, with those of 17 items being less than 0. 20. The discrimination degree ranged 0. 10-0. 72, with those of 12 items being less than 0. 30. The correlation coefficient of the item score and the total score ranged 0. 19-0. 60, with those of 9 items being less than 0. 30. The simplified scale composed of 20 items with better quality. The Cronbach's α coefficient values of the original scale and the short-versioned scale were 0. 801 and 0. 757, respectively. The total scores of both the original scale and the short-versioned scale were significantly correlated with the scores of SCL-90, with the correlation coefficient being above 0. 38. The correlation coefficient between the score of the simplified scale and that of the original scale was 0. 967. The correlation coefficient between the score of the simplified scale and those of 16PF, EPQ, SAS was significant. Conclusion The simplified scale in this study has a higher reliability and validity.

Tratamiento cognitivo conductual centrado en el trauma de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja / Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment focused on the trauma of victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)

Se evaluó la efectividad de un tratamiento psicológico centrado en el trauma de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja (VP). Las participantes fueron 73, con diagnóstico de TEPT (Trastorno de estrés postraumático). El diseño fue pre-experimental, los instrumentos utilizados fueron fiables para la población colombiana para medir el trauma (TEPT, depresión, ansiedad, autoestima e inadaptación). El estudio se dividió en tres fases: evaluación (características del trauma y sus consecuencias), tratamiento (breve en ocho sesiones, grupal, protocolizado en componentes: psicoeducación, activación, terapia cognitiva y exposición) y seguimientos a uno, tres y seis meses. Los resultados señalan que la VP es crónica, cíclica y suelen concurrir las tres formas de violencia. Las mujeres son víctimas y algunas maltratadoras (usan violencia física y verbal). También se demostró que la mayoría de las víctimas (74%) ha sufrido trauma complejo. Para demostrar la efectividad terapéutica se utilizó el estadístico g de Hedges que señala grandes tamaños del efecto en cada variable dependiente: TEPT (1.98), reexperimentación (2.07), evitación (1.55), hiperactivación (1.49), ansiedad (1.33), depresión (1.07), autoestima (1.58), inadaptación (1.24) y cogniciones postraumáticas (1.17). Respecto a la significancia clínica, la mayoría de mujeres mejoró la sintomatología después del tratamiento, de forma rápida en reexperimentación, ansiedad, depresión, autoestima e inadaptación y demorada en evitación, hiperactivación y las cogniciones postraumáticas. Los resultados del tratamiento se mantienen durante los seguimientos a nivel clínico y estadístico. Finalmente, se discuten los alcances del estudio y se plantean algunas recomendaciones para utilizar la guía de tratamiento en otras muestras.

The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment focused on the trauma of female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) was evaluated. There were 73 participants diagnosed with PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome). The design was pre-experimental, the instruments valid for the Colombian population to measure trauma (PTSD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem and maladjustment). The study was divided into three phases: evaluation (characteristics and consequences of the trauma), treatment (brief in eight sessions, group therapy, protocolized in components: psychoeducation, hyper-arousal, cognitive therapy and exposure). Follow-up was performed at one, three, and six months. The results indicate that IP Vis chronic, cyclical with three forms of violence tending to occur. The women are victims and several are abusers (they use physical and verbal violence). It was also demonstrated that the majority of victims (74%) suffered complex trauma. In order to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness, the Hedges' g statistic was used, pointing out large sizes of the effect in each dependent variable: PTSD (1.98), reexperiencing (2.07), avoidance (1.55) hyper-arousal (1.49), anxiety (1.33), depression (1.07), self-esteem (1.58), maladjustment (1.24) and post-traumatic cognitions (1.17). With respect to clinical significance, the majority of women improved symptomatology after treatment, quickly in reexperiencing, anxiety, depression, self-esteem and maladjustment, and on a delayed basis in avoidance, hyper-arousal and post-traumatic cognitions. The results of the treatment were maintained during follow-ups on the clinical and statistical level. Finally, the scopes of the study are discussed and several recommendations posed for using the treatment guide in other samples.

Study on the short version of work attitude scale and its reliability and validity / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To conduct item analysis on Work Attitude Scale(Wa) and to develop a short-versioned scale.Methods Wa and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) were administered to 3767 recruits,item analysis of Wa was conducted and short version of Wa was developed based on the results of item analysis,Cronbach' s αcoefficient of the original scale and the short-versioned scale was calculated,criterion validity of the original scale and the short-versioned scale was analyzed using SCL-90 as the validity criterion.For other samples,16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ),and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were tested while the short-versioned scale was tested at the same time,criterion validity of the short-versioned Wa was analyzed using 16PF,EPQ,and SAS as the validity criterion.Results Difficulty of the original scale was from 0.03 to 0.87,27 items' difficulty was less than 0.20 or greater than.Discrimination index was from 0.04 to 0.56,22 items' discrimination index was less than 0.30.Correlation coefficient of the item score and the total score is from 0.02 to 0.52,18 items' correlation coefficient was less than 0.30.The short-versioned scale was made up of the 18 items with better quality.Cronbach' s α coefficient of the original scale and the short-versioned scale was 0.778 and 0.789,respectively.Both the total score of the original scale and the short-versioned scale were significantly correlated with the scores of SCL-90,and all the correlation coefficient were above 0.40.The correlation coefficient between the score of the short-versioned scale and that of the original scale was 0.934.The correlation coefficient between the score of the short-versioned scale and 16PF,EPQ,SAS was significant.Conclusion The short-versioned scale has a higher reliability and good validity.

Relaciones entre Aceptación Sociométrica Escolar e Inadaptación Socioemocional, Estrés Cotidiano y Afrontamiento / Relationships between School Peer Acceptance and Socioemotional Maladjustment, Daily Stress, and Coping

Este estudio analiza la asociación de la variable aceptación sociométrica con diversos índices de inadaptación socioemocional, estrés cotidiano y estilos de afrontamiento en escolares, atendiendo a diferencias de género y edad. La muestra se compone de 392 escolares de 9 a 12 años. Los resultados muestran correlaciones significativas negativas de la variable aceptación sociométrica con los índices de inadaptación socioemocional y el estrés cotidiano. Asimismo, se obtiene una correlación significativa positiva con el estilo de afrontamiento "en relación con los demás". Los resultados arrojan diferencias de género y edad, siendo la relación entre la aceptación sociométrica y las diversas variables medidas más fuerte en la submuestra de niñas y en los grupos de edad de 10 y 12 años. Finalmente, se expone la necesidad de utilizar los resultados obtenidos como punto de partida para el desarrollo de intervenciones psicopedagógicas con el objeto de prevenir el desarrollo de patrones de inadaptación emocional en la infancia.

This study examines the association of peer acceptance with different indexes of socio-emotional maladjustment, daily stress, and coping styles in school students, including gender and age differences. The sample consists of 392 schoolchildren aged from 9 to 12. Results show significant negative correlations of peer acceptance with emotional maladjustment indexes and daily stress. In addition, it shows a significant positive correlation with reference-toothers coping style. Results also indicate gender and age differences, specifically the relationships between peer acceptance and the different self-assessed measures, which are more significant among the girls' subgroup, and among the 10 and 12 year old subgroups. Finally, we emphasize the need to apply these results as a baseline for educational psychology interventions to prevent development of emotional maladjustment in childhood.

Psicopatía infanto-juvenil: avances en conceptualización, evaluación e intervención: [revisión] / Child and juvenile psychopathy: advances in conceptualization, assessment and intervention: [review]

Considerando las necesidades actuales presentes en el trabajo psicológico con adolescentes con problemas de adaptación social, este artículo realiza una revisión teórica actualizada sobre el constructo de psicopatía infanto-juvenil. Se abordan aspectos relacionados con la definición y extensión del constructo, los instrumentos de evaluación disponibles, los factores de riesgo y las perspectivas de tratamiento y prevención. En la discusión se ponderan las diferentes aproximaciones conceptuales, se plantea la conveniencia de desarrollar tanto instrumentos comprehensivos como de evaluación específica, ajustados a nuestro contexto sociocultural, y se destaca la necesidad de iniciar estudios sobre intervención que consideren las características de personalidad que están involucradas en el constructo.

Considering the current needs present in the psychological approach to adolescents with social adjustment problems, this article presents an actualized theoretical review about the construct of child and juvenile psychopathy. The topics included in the revision are the construct definition and extension, the tools for assessment that are available, the risk factors and different approaches to intervention. The discussion weights the different approaches to conceptualization, it points the convenience for studying general and specific assessments tools adjusted to our socio-cultural context, and it remarks the need for studying interventions that include the personality characteristics involved in the psychopathy construct.

Therapeutic strategy towards renal restoration in chronic kidney disease.

Background: The population with end-stage renal disease is increasing. This continued growth is related to: i) diagnostic failure in screening for early chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), ii) failure in preventing renal disease progression due to lack of understanding of the precise determinants that induce TIF, and iii) delayed treatment which simply slows renal disease progression, but is unable to restore renal function. Objective: To review therapeutic strategy to restore renal function in CKD stressing fractional excretion of magnesium (FE Mg) as a sensitive biomarker for screening early CKD associated with TIF. Results: There is much evidence to support the crucial role of renal microvascular disease as the determinant of TIF and disease progression. A unique pattern of hemodynamic maladjustment is characterized by a preferential constriction of the efferent arteriole that induces peritubular capillary flow reduction in CKDs. Conclusion: The present information leads to a therapeutic strategy to restore renal function in early CKD patients.

Assessing General Maladjustment of Trauma Survivors with MMPI-2 / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To investigate validities of MMPI- 2 measures of general maladjustment in people who had expe- rienced traumatic events. Methods: Participants were 43 patients with stress disorder (SD) and 44 well- adjusted trauma survivors(TS). Validities of 7 MMPI- 2 measures of general maladjustment were compared with the mean scores on 8 clini- cal scales (M8), which were considered as the criterion measure of general maladjustment. Results: Patients with SD ob- tained significantly higher scores on 6 measures and M8 than TS. Most of the measures were significantly related to M8 in both groups. Although F and PK sometimes added significantly to the variance accounting for the criterion measure, Pt added significantly and meaningfully to each of the other MMPI- 2 measure in predicting maladjustment. Conclusion: The results support the use of the MMPI- 2 as a measure of general maladjustment in trauma survivors. Pt emerges consistently as a good indicator of general maladjustment.

Maladjustment and Attitude towards Help of Middle School Students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To study the relationship between and maladjustment of middle school students and their attitude towards help-seeking.Methods:276 middle school students completed questionnaire of maladjustment and attitude towards help-seeking.Results:There exists grade difference on the problem of school life and the stigma tolerance, and there was also gender difference on the physical and mental development problem, the reliance on the counselor and the integral for help. The experience of help seeking had no influence on maladjustment and attitude toward help seeking.Conclusion:The maladjustment of middle school students is not so severe and the attitude towards help is comparatively positive; the more serious the maladjustment is, the more negative attitude toward help seeking.