Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. METHODS: The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20–29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30–49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk. RESULTS: The intake of milk in the subjects was 538.14 ± 494.23 ml per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20–29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. METHODS: The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20–29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30–49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk. RESULTS: The intake of milk in the subjects was 538.14 ± 494.23 ml per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20–29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Behavioral Factors in Korean Adult Men using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: The number of male adults who are treated for osteoporosis has been increasing rapidly over the last 4 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of men has a similar pattern to that of women with BMD, decreasing with increasing age. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, body fat mass and lean body mass. An association between such factors and BMD would suggest that prevention and education would be a helpful approach in treating patients with osteoporosis. We designed this study to reveal the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and several behavioral factors in Korean male adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 1038 community-dwelling men over 20 years of age who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2009 were collected from Seoul city and Kyungi province. Bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol, exercise, body mass index, total fat mass) were assessed. We estimated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors using ANCOVA with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol and exercise status. RESULTS: Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, exercise 1 to 3 times a week, alcohol consumption once a week, body mass index and total lean body mass were positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the total femur and femur neck. Age was negatively associated with BMD. Smoking and total fat mass were not associated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, maintaining adequate total lean body mass with regular exercise is as important as maintaining body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in order to prevent osteoporosis in male adults.

Effects of Frequent Eating-out and Breakfast Skipping on Body Mass Index and Nutrients Intake of Working Male Adults: Analysis of 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey Data / 대한지역사회영양학회지

In order to investigate the effects of frequent eating-out and breakfast skipping of working men on body mass index and nutrients intake status, working male adults aged 20 or over were selected (n = 1883) from the data of 2001 Korea national health and nutrition survey. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the eating-out frequency(high: once or more daily, low: less than once daily) and breakfast eating or not. Four groups were high eating-out with breakfast eating (n = 609), high eating-out with breakfast skipping (n = 192), low eating-out with breakfast eating (n = 877), and low eatingout with breakfast skipping (n = 205). High eating-out group showed higher body mass index (BMI) than low eating-out group, but the difference of BMI was disappeared when adjusted with age, residence region and family income. However high eating-out group in case of breakfast eating, compared with the low eating-out, showed higher intakes or densities of energy, fat, fat-energy% and higher ratio of energy-fat overintake, and also showed higher mean nutritional adequacy ratio and lower ratio of nutrients intake deficiency. Calcium, iron, vitamin A and C intakes were not affected by eating-out frequency, but were lowered by breakfast skipping. Breakfast skipping also decreased intake frequency of unprocessed cereals and increased those of ramyon and carbonated and alcoholic beverages. From the results frequent eating-out with breakfast eating caused increased intakes of energy and fat, but did not cause BMI increase. Breakfast skipping, but not eating-out, had negative influences on mineral and vitamin intakes. Accordingly good eating-out as well as breakfast eating should be exceedingly emphasized at nutrition education for the working males.

Effects of Short-Term Supplementation of Carnitine on Plasma and Urinary Carnitine and Plasma Lipid Levels of Healthy Male Adults

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of carnitine, as well as plasma lipid level and fatty acid composition, caused by short term supplementation of carnitine in humans. Ten healthy male subjects (21.2 +/- 0.5 years old) received oral carnitine supplementation (4 g/day) as tablets for two weeks. Fasting blood and random urine samples were collected from each subject both prior to and at the end of carnitine supplemention program. Following the 2 weeks of carnitine supplementation, plasma total carnitine (TCNE) concentration increased 20% (85.1 +/- 7.4 vs 67.3 +/- 9.1 micro mol/1, p>0.05), while urinary excretion of total carnitine increased ten times compared to the value measured prior to the supplementation (3051 +/- 692 vs 278 +/- 90.1 micro mol/g creatinine, p<0.01). Non-esterified carnitine (NEC) comprised from 71 to 88% of TCNE in plasma, and from 32 to 40% of TCNE excreted in the urine. Two weeks of carnitine supplementation in healthy adults significantly elevated plasma level of acid soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC) which is esterified mostly with short chain fatty acids (21.6 +/- 1.6 micro mol/l) compared to the value measured prior to the supplementation (6.4 +/- 0.8 micro mol/l) (p<0.05). Carnitine supplementation significantly increased plasma HDL-cholesterol level (p<0.05), and decreased the atherogenic index (p<0.05), but failed to cause any significant change in plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids. Plasma triglyceride and phospholipid fatty acid compositions were not significaly affected as well by the oral supplementation of carnitine in subjects with normal range of blood lipid levels.

A study on serum enzyme activity levels and subjective fatigue scores in university ekiden runners / 体力科学

The principal objective of this paper is basic research on the development of an easy and rapid method to estimate physical fatigue levels. The focus of the research is to determine chronically fatigued conditions at an early stage for the prevention of chronic fatigue. Special attention was given to overtraining as one form of chronic fatigue in this paper. Long-distance runners representatives of a university in Tokyo nominated for Hakone-Ekiden were recruited as subjects. Examinations with informed consent were carried out on a once a month basis during 8 months and included the following; 1) physical characteristics ; body weight and body fat weight, 2) serum-biochemical test ; 6 parameters by the dry-chemistry method and the traditional method, 3) subjective fatigue levels ; the questionnaire of subjective symptom authorized by the Japan association of industrial health and the profile of mood state (POMS) . In this paper, data obtained from 19 male runners attending all 8 examinations were statistically analyzed.<BR>Serum parameters obtained by the dry-chemistry method, an easy and rapid method which provides clinical values on site, showed significant correlations with the traditional method.<BR>No correlation was observed between subjective fatigue scores and serum enzyme activity levels which were used as markers for estimation of physical fatigue levels in this study, however, monthly changes of enzyme levels and fatigue scores from July to August seemed to correlate in almost subjects. In contrast, using data obtained in the entire exprimental period, there was no relationship between the monthly changes of enzyme levels and fatigue scores. The results may indicate that some subjects exhibit gaps between physical fatigue and feelings of fatigue.<BR>The above mentioned results suggest that measurements of serum enzyme activity levels using the dry-chemistry method are a useful indicator for the prevention of overtraining.