Effect of resistance training exercise combined with high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males

@#Introduction: Many underweight males take commercial protein supplements to increase their body weight and build muscle. Nonetheless, commercial protein supplements may cause adverse effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training exercise combined with a high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males. Methods: A repeated measures design study was conducted on nine males aged 12-15 years with low body weight. Energy and protein requirements were calculated, and energy and protein consumptions were measured for each meal during the high protein diet without exercise (HP) period and the high protein diet with resistance exercise (HPE) period. Subjects engaged in three resistance training sessions each week during HP-E period, for eight weeks. Dietary intake, body composition, blood biochemistry, physical fitness, and self-esteem were assessed. Results: In HP-E period, resistance training exercise combined with a high protein intake (2.14 g/kg/d) increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) by 0.5 kg and 0.5 kg, respectively. Resistance training during HP-E period increased arm, leg, and trunk muscle strength by 20.2%, 7.2%, and 14.5%, respectively, more than high protein diet alone during HP period. High protein intake in HP-E period did not affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels (11.0 mg/dL and 0.70 mg/dL, respectively). Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training combined with a high protein diet increased body weight and LTM without adverse effects. In particular, resistance exercise predominantly increased muscle strength. Kidney function was not affected by high protein consumption throughout this study.

Representações do corpo masculino na revista Men's Health / Representations of the male body in Men's Health magazine / Representaciones del cuerpo masculino en la revista Men's Health

Resumo Esta pesquisa aborda a relação entre o corpo e a estética, compreendida como padrão corporal. O objetivo foi analisar o corpo masculino na revista Men's Health. A metodologia usada foi à análise de conteúdo como proposta por Bardin (1979). O corpus de análise foi composto por 12 edições da revista, veiculadas de janeiro a dezembro de 2011. A partir da análise feita, pode-se afirmar que na revista Men's Health a aparência encontra-se ligada a um corpo magro e musculoso. Para a obtenção do modelo propagado pela revista, são necessários investimentos e práticas de consumo. Nota-se ainda que o discurso do bem-estar e da felicidade usa a publicidade para incentivar os leitores a comprar as novidades lançadas pela sociedade de consumo.

Abstract This research presents the relationship between the body and aesthetics, understood as standard corporal. The aim of this study was to analyze the male body in Men's Health magazine. The methodology was content analysis as proposed by Bardin (1979) and the corpus analysis was composed by 12 editions of the magazine, published from January to December 2011. From the analysis, it can be affirmed that in Men's Health magazine appearance is linked to a lean and muscular body. To obtain the model propagated by the magazine, several investments and consumption practices are necessary. It is also observed that the discourse of well-being and happiness uses advertising to encourage readers to buy the news released by the consumer society.

Resumen Esta investigación aborda la relación entre el cuerpo y la estética, entendida como patrón corporal. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el cuerpo masculino en la revista Men's Health. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis de contenido de Bardin (1979). El corpus del análisis estaba formado por 12 ediciones de la revista, publicadas entre enero y diciembre de 2011. A partir del análisis, se puede afirmar que en la revista Men's Health la apariencia está relacionada con un cuerpo delgado y musculoso. Para obtener el modelo propagado por la revista, son necesarias varias inversiones y prácticas de consumo. Debe tenerse en cuenta también que el discurso del bienestar y de la felicidad utiliza la publicidad para animar a los lectores a comprar las novedades divulgadas por la sociedad de consumo.

Cuerpo masculino: un análisis para la salud pública / Male Body: A public health analysis

OBJETIVO:describir algunas reflexiones teóricas y empíricas sobre el cuerpo masculino como categoría de análisis para su estudio desde la salud pública. METODOLOGÍA:revisión que incluyó 57 documentos entre libros, artículos y capítulos de libros sobre el cuerpo y cuerpo masculino. La búsqueda no se limitó por fecha, se hizo en idioma español e inglés, se desarrolló un procedimiento en cuatro etapas: búsqueda bibliográfica, sistematización de datos, elección de documentos, análisis y evaluación final. No se excluyeron estudios por la calidad de su metodología. RESULTADOS:57 documentos. 20 libros de teoría, método y aplicación de cuerpo, 16 capítulos de libro resultado de trabajos empíricos, dos libros manual de masculinidad y 19 artículos empíricos y de reflexión. Encontrando aspectos sobre teorías, métodos y la comprensión de la categoría cuerpo y cuerpo masculino analizado desde la salud. DISCUSIÓN:se reconocen teorías sobre el cuerpo desde la sociología, antropología y filosofía en particular la fenomenología, como teoría y método. El cuerpo masculino se ha estudiado desde la salud, enfermedad, género y masculinidad. Es un tema de interés de estudio desde la salud, se sugiere un enfoque holístico para su análisis desde la salud pública.

OBJECTIVE:To describe some theoretical and empirical research on the male body as a category of analysis for study from public health. METHODOLOGY:A review that included 44 documents including books, articles and book chapters on the body and the male body. The search was not limited by date, it was in Spanish and English, a procedure was developed in four stages: literature search, data systematization, choice of documents, analysis and final assessment. No studies were excluded for the quality of its methodology. RESULTS:57 documents. 20 books of theory, method and application of body, 16 book chapters empirical result, manual 2 book and 19 empirical articles masculinity and reflection. Finding aspects theories, methods and understanding the body and the male body category analyzed from health. DISCUSSION:are recognized body theories from sociology, anthropology and philosophy including phenomenology, as theory and method. The male body has been studied for health, disease, gender and masculinity. The body is a topic of interest from health study; we suggest a holistic approach to their analysis from public health.