Consideraciones clínicas y desenlaces quirúrgicos del cáncer asociado a implante mamario: una enfermedad emergente de interés

El cáncer de mama sigue siendo una de las principales prioridades en salud global y salud pública y permanece como la neoplasia maligna más frecuente y mortal en mujeres en el mundo. El linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implante mamario (LACG-AIM) consiste en un linfoma no-Hodgkin de tipo raro, del cual se desconoce mucho sobre su patogenia y fisiopatología, pero que se ve cada vez con mayor frecuencia, debido al aumento de procedimientos estéticos. A la fecha, existen limitaciones en cuanto al conocimiento sobre el comportamiento clínico y se manifiesta de muchas formas, con un tiempo de evolución variable, y desenlaces quirúrgicos inciertos a mediano y largo plazo. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en resumir evidencia sobre las consideraciones clínicas y desenlaces quirúrgicos del cáncer asociado a implante mamario, que faciliten la identificación y abordaje de esta condición. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en los motores de búsqueda y bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO y MEDLINE. Dentro de las consideraciones clínicas y quirúrgicas, se debe tener en cuenta el tipo de implante utilizado (texturizado), el tiempo del antecedente del implante, la severidad de las manifestaciones y la estadificación, para poder determinar la oportunidad de intervención quirúrgica y terapia neoadyuvante e intentar garantizar la supervivencia y evitar recurrencia. Aquellos pacientes sometidos a capsulectomía completa acompañado de radioterapia tienen mejores desenlaces.

Breast cancer continues to be one of the main priorities in global health and public health, and remains the most frequent and deadly malignant neoplasm in women worldwide. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whose pathogenesis and pathophysiology are not well known, but which is seen with increasing frequency due to the increase in cosmetic procedures. To date, there are limitations in terms of knowledge about the clinical behavior of the disease, which can manifest itself in many forms, with a variable evolution time and uncertain surgical outcomes in the medium- and long-term. Based on the above, the aim of this review is to summarize evidence on the clinical considerations and surgical outcomes of breast implant-associated cancer to facilitate the identification and management of this condition. A bibliographic search was performed in the search engines and databases pubmed, sciencedirect, embase, ebsco and medline. Within the clinical and surgical considerations, the type of implant used (textured), the time of the implant history, the severity of the manifestations, and the staging, must be taken into account in order to determine the opportunity for surgical intervention and neoadjuvant therapy, and to try to guarantee survival and avoid recurrence. Patients who undergo complete capsulectomy with radiotherapy have better outcomes.

Rare case of multiple primary malignant neoplasms

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms (MPMNs) are rarely reported and are defined as the diagnosis of ?2 independent, primary malignancies of different histologies/ origins in a single individual. In this study, we report a patient with Male Breast Cancer (MBC) and coexisting Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). A 65-year-old male with complaints of a lump in his left breast since 2 years. CT scan findings were a non-homogeneous mass in the left breast along with bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Modified radical mastectomy was done. Microscopic examination showed the features of infiltrating duct carcinoma NOS: Modified Nottingham Bloom Richardson抯 Grade II in breast specimen. A peripheral smear of the patient showed features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (absolute lymphocyte count was 16400 cells/mm3). IHC of breast tumor showed ER/PR positivity with H scores of 350 and 240 respectively and HER- 2/Neu protein expression was negative with a score of (1+). Lymph nodes were immunoreactive for CD 19, CD 23 and CD 5. Cells were non-reactive for Cyclin D1a and CD3. This is probably the first case of MBC with SLL and CLL. The diagnosis is consistent with synchronous MPMNs, which are increasingly reported nowadays.

Caracterização de teses e dissertações sobre neoplasia mamária em homens / Characterization of theses and dissertations on breast cancer in men / Caracterización de tesis y disertaciones sobre cáncer de mama masculino

Objetivo: caracterizar as teses e dissertações disponíveis no banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior que abordem a neoplasia mamária masculina. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, de caráter bibliométrico, selecionando 7 estudos, por meio de check list previamente estabelecido. Resultados: Identificou-se que 85,7% dos estudos selecionados eram dissertações de mestrado, publicadas entre 2007 e 2019. A maioria foi produzida na Universidade de São Paulo (42,8%). Quanto à publicação de artigos originados das teses e dissertações, 71,4% dos autores não publicaram. Conclusão: embora os métodos de diagnóstico do câncer de mama tenham avançado, a produção científica sobre o câncer de mama masculino ainda se faz incipiente no Brasil. Esse é um dado importante que pode auxiliar na elaboração de novos trabalhos, objetivando um melhor atendimento e prognóstico nesses pacientes.

Objective: to characterize the theses and dissertations available in the theses bank of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel that address male breast cancer. Method: A bibliometric literature review was carried out, selecting 7 studies, using a previously established checklist. Results: We identified that 85.7% of the selected studies were master's theses, published between 2007 and 2019. Most were produced at the University of São Paulo (42.8%). As for the publication of articles originating from theses and dissertations, 71.4% of the authors did not publish. Conclusion: although methods for diagnosing breast cancer have advanced, scientific production on male breast cancer is still incipient in Brazil. This is an important fact that can help in the development of new studies, aiming at better care and prognosis for these patients.

Objetivo: caracterizar tesis y disertaciones disponibles en el banco de tesis de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior que abordan el cáncer de mama masculino. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliométrica de la literatura, seleccionando 7 estudios a través de un checklist previamente establecido. Resultados: Se identificó que el 85,7% de los estudios seleccionados fueron tesis de maestría, publicadas entre 2007 y 2019. La mayoría fueron producidos en la Universidad de São Paulo (42,8%). Cuanto la publicación de artículos provenientes de tesis y disertaciones, el 71,4% de los autores no publicó. Conclusión: aunque los métodos de diagnóstico del cáncer de mama han avanzado, la producción científica sobre el cáncer de mama masculino es aún incipiente en Brasil. Este es un hecho importante que puede ayudar en el desarrollo de nuevos estudios, con el objetivo de mejorar la atención y el pronóstico de estos pacientes.

Hemogram index parameters in the evaluation of male breast cancer and inflammatory response: a case-control study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the hemogram index parameters and their clinical significance in the evaluation of the inflammatory response of patients with male breast cancer, who are rarely observed in the literature. METHODS: In total, 22 (n=22) healthy male and 28 (n=28) male breast cancer patients without synchronous/metachronous tumors were included in this study. They were grouped as the healthy male control group (Group 1) and the male breast cancer patient group (Group 2). The male breast cancer was divided into two subgroups, namely, early stage [(stage: 0/I/II) (Group 2A)] and late stage [(stage: III/IV) (Group 2B)], and their hemogram index parameters were compared. RESULTS: A significant (p>0.05) increase was observed in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and·platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values in the late stage (Group 2B: stage III/IV) compared to the early stage (Group 2A: stage 0/I/II) and healthy control (Group 1) groups. CONCLUSIONS: In male breast cancer patients, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher as the stage of cancer increased. These readily available simple tests can be used to evaluate the host's inflammatory response in male breast cancer.

A preliminary study on the probability of causation of male breast cancer for occupational radiation workers / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore the probability of causation method ology of male breast cancer and to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis of occupational radiogenic male breast cancer in China.Methods:Using the male excess relative risk model (EAR) fitted from the Japanese atomic bomb survivors and the female excess absolute risk model (ERR) provided by the Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation Committee VII (BEIRVII), the breast dose and the probability of causation of the previous case of male breast cancer were calculated.Results:The average probability of causation ( PC) calculated by male ERR model was 94.6%, and the upper limit of 95% PC was 98.3%. Using female EAR model and female breast cancer incidence, the average PC was 70.3%, and the upper limit of 95% PC was 153.3%. when male breast cancer incidence was used, the average PC was 99.2%.By both methods, the male breast cancer patient could be determined to be caused by occupational radiation exposure. Conclusions:The upper limit of 95% PC calculated by female EAR model and female breast cancer incidence was higher than that by male ERR model.The uncertainty of probability of causation for female EAR model still need further research. Occupational radiogenic male breast was proposed to listed in occupational radiogenic neoplasms, which will make the list more perfect and scientific and reasonable to meet potential claims.

Incidence and Mortality of Male Breast Cancer in Hubei Province from 2012 to 2015 / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of male breast cancer in Hubei Province from 2012 to 2015. Methods The data reported by the Hubei Provincial Cancer Registry from 2012 to 2015 were collected for analyzing the incidence and mortality trends of male breast cancer according to year, urban and rural areas and age. We also compared the difference of incidence and mortality between male and female breast cancer. Results A total of 106 new cases of male breast cancer were reported in Hubei Cancer Registry from 2012 to 2015 with an incidence rate of 0.43/105, and 10052 new cases of female breast cancer with an incidence rate of 42.76/105; the male-to-female incidence ratio was 1:99. Male breast cancer death cases was 37 with the death rate of 0.15/105, and female breast cancer death cases was 2201 with the death rate of 9.36/105; the male-to-female mortality ratio was 1:62. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer between male and female varied by year, urban and rural areas. Male breast cancer was less common in young men (< 35 years old), and the incidence increased with age after 35 years old; male breast cancer deaths were rare in men under 45 years old, and the mortality rate increased with age. The incidence and mortality of male breast cancer patients over 85 years old reached the peak. Conclusion Male breast cancer is rare in clinical practice, and the incidence rate is much lower than that of female breast cancer. Even so, it is necessary to study the epidemiological law of male breast cancers' incidence and mortality, which can be used for prevention and treatment of male breast cancer.

Male breast cancer: The Philippine General Hospital experience

RATIONALE/OBJECTIVE@#Breast cancer among males is often diagnosed at a later age and at an advanced stage. The study aimed to present the epidemiology, associated risk factors, clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of male breast cancer patients treated at the Philippine General Hospital from January 2008- December 2017. Information from this study can provide for better understanding of the disease and basis for creating guidelines toward better outcomes. @*METHODS@#Retrospective study of medical records involving male breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and treatment at the Philippine General Hospital from January 2008- December 2017.@*RESULTS@#Male breast cancer accounted for 15 (0.26%) of 5,777 resected breast specimens for breast cancer patients with a 1:384 male to female ratio. The mean age of presentation was 60 years. The most common presentation was a retro-areolar mass, with 33% of patients presenting post-excision. Sixty-seven percent were at Stage II and 20% at Stage III. About 94% of patients have invasive ductal carcinoma, while the only other histology is papillary carcinoma at 13%. Majority of those tested were both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) positive (33% versus 1 %), and Her2neu negative. All patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. Only two patients were documented to have received adjuvant chemotherapy while one patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.@*CONCLUSION@#Breast cancer remains to be a rare disease among males, is often diagnosed at a later age and at an advanced stage. Because of its rarity, awareness is necessary not only in the community but also among healthcare providers to identify and treat the problem earlier. Further investigation and prospective studies are recommended.

Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Male Breast Lesions.

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a well-established and widely accepted procedure in the evaluation of breast masses. Fine needle aspiration cytology can be performed as an OPD procedure. It is less traumatic to the patient as compared to surgical biopsy, is cost effective, and can provide rapid results on the same day. Therefore, it can be used as an initial diagnostic procedure for male breast lesions. The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of male breast lesions and categorization of these lesions as per IAC Categories.METHODSThe present study included 50 cases of male breast lesions presented in the department of the pathology. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was done and slides were stained with MGG and PAP. Findings were analysed by two pathologists independently. Cyto-histological correlation was done in cases wherever possible. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.RESULTSA total of 50 cases of male breast lesions which had undergone FNAC was analysed in this study. Histopathological examination was available in 10 cases. Gynecomastia C2 (88%) was found to be the most common entity followed by acute on chronic suppurative pathology (4%). There was no false positive or false negative finding. FNAC had a sensitivity and specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 100% for male breast lesions.CONCLUSIONSFNAC is the excellent sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for the assessment of breast lesions in males. Hence, we strongly recommend the use of FNAC as the first-line investigation in the clinical evaluation of male breast lumps.

Male breast cancer a rare entity: the experience from North-East India

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women but it is not common in men. Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and accounts for ∼1% of all cancers in men. There is lack of data related to MBC. The objective was to study the clinic-pathological characteristics and outcome of MBC patients at this institute.Methods: It is a retrospective study. Author analyzed clinico-pathological factors, management and follow up details of all patients with MBC from 2012 to 2018 at the cancer centre.Results: Total 20 patients were included in the study. No risk factor identified in any patient. The median age at diagnosis was 57.5 years. Most common location was central quadrant. Most common stage at presentation was stage 3. Fifteen patients underwent upfront surgery while neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to two patients. One patient had complete pathological response (cPR). The median follow up was 24 months (4-60 months). Three patients developed local recurrence (3 chest wall and 1 axilla). Two patients developed distant metastasis (lung, liver and bone). Actual overall survival rate at 5 years was 67.5% with median disease-free survival was 55%.Conclusions: Multicentric trials are necessary to understand the predictive and prognostic markers and to improve the outcome in male breast cancer.

Immunophenotyping of male breast cancer - Experience at a tertiary care centre

Background: Male breast cancers (MBCs) are uncommon and account for 1% of all breast cancers. Medical conditions that increase the estrogen to testosterone ratio are implicated as the risk factors. Morphologically similar, but MBCs have biological differences compared with female breast cancer (FBC). Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the immunophenotype of MBC, subsequent molecular subtypes, their association with clinicopathological features, and prognosis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed clinicopathological features of 42 cases of MBC, and classified them according to molecular classification using immunohistochemistry (IHC). This is the second largest study from India. Results and Conclusion: Median age of patients was 61 years (age range: 41-87 years). Invasive duct carcinoma comprised 95.2% of cases. Tumor grade II and III was seen in 50% and 47.6% of cases, respectively, and advanced stage disease (III/IV) was seen in 45.2% cases (n = 39). Estrogen receptor (ER) was positive in 97.6% cases, progesterone receptor (PR) in 83.3%, androgen receptor (AR) in 76.2%, HER2 in 4.8%, Cyclin-D1 in 92.9%, Bcl2 in 66.7%, GCDFP-15 in 23.8%, p53 in 16.7%, and Ki67 index was low (<14%) in 66.7% cases. Molecular subtyping of these cases revealed 64.3% of luminal A, 35.7% of luminal B, and no HER2 rich/driven category or triple negative case. There was no statistical significance between luminal A and B category pertaining to overall stage of tumor (P = 0.905). Lymph node metastasis was more commonly associated with luminal B category (P = 0.089). p53 positivity showed significant association with luminal A cases (P = 0.002) and nodal metastasis (P = 0.042). GCDFP-15 positivity showed significant association with higher tumor grade (P = 0.042) and stage (P = 0.047). Stage was the most significant prognostic marker (P < 0.0001). On follow-up (n = 27), all the six cases that showed recurrence/persistent disease were high stage (III/IV) on presentation.

Clinicopathologic analysis of 38 male breast cancers / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular subtype in male breast cancer(MBC). METHODS: The clinical features, histological features and molecular subtype of 38 cases of male breast cancers admitted from January 2013 to March 2019 in Clinical Pathology Diagnostic Center of Ningbo were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were diagnosed with MBC, accounting for 0.83% of all the breast cancer in the same term. The median age was 68.5(range from 24 to 88). Tumor were located in left side in 20 cases, right side in 18 cases. Twenty-nine cases were diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, two cases of secretory breast cancer, one case of invasive solid papillary carcinoma, two cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma with microinvasive, and four cases of encapsulated papillary carcinoma(two of them with microinvasive). Sixteen patients had lymphatic metastasis when the tumor was diagnosed. Imunohistochemically, ER was positive in 36 cases, while PR was positive in 35 cases.Eighteen cases were Luminal A type, while sixteen were Luminal B type and two cases were basal-like subtype.CONCLUSION: MBC is a rare malignant neoplasm, and most patients are diagnosed older and at advanced clinical stage,what is more, there is more possibility of second non-breast primary cancer. All suggesting that early diagnosis,treatment and more intensive surveillance are important. MBC needs further study.

Epidural Anesthesia, An Older Technique With Newer Advantages.

Epidural anesthesia and analgesia is widely used to manage major abdominal surgery intraoperative as well as postoperative analgesia, but its risks and benefits are uncertain. High risk surgeries are associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in patients with pulmonary dysfunction, hepatic or renal dysfunctions, advancing age and in case of morbid obesity patients. Thoracic epidural analgesia and anesthesia is associated with decreased morbidity in these patients. Thoracic epidural is associated with haemodynamic stability, good pulmonary function, decreased catecholamine response and early extubation and discharge from intensive care unit. It is an important component of fast tracking in high risk cardiac patients. Its use has significantly increased over the past few years and has been used as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia as well as the sole technique in selected groups of patients. Proper selection of patients for thoracic epidural epidural is mandatory. Timing of epidural catheter insertion and removal should be judiciously selected. In conclusion epidural analgesia as anesthesia in high risk surgery might decrease pulmonary and cardiovascular or renal complications, provide excellent analgesia and allow fast track early extubation and hence lower mortality and morbidity.

Carcinoma de mama masculina / Male breast carcinoma

El cáncer mamario en hombres es una enfermedad poco frecuente. Sólo representa 1 por ciento de todos los cánceres de mama y es responsable del 0,1 por ciento de las muertes por cáncer en el hombre. Su incidencia se ha incrementado en los últimos 25 años. Generalmente la forma de presentación de la enfermedad es una masa indolora, retroareolar, con retracción del pezón o no. La enfermedad en estadios avanzados (etapa III-IV) ocurre en más del 40 por ciento de los pacientes. La variedad histopatológica más frecuente es el carcinoma ductal infiltrante y el tratamiento de elección es la mastectomía radical modificada con vaciamiento axilar. El objetivo de este trabajo es la presentación de dos casos diagnosticados y tratados en el Hospital Salvador Allende, además de actualizar el tema(AU)

Breast cancer in men is a rare disease. It accounts only for 1 percent of all breast cancers and is responsible for 0.1 percent of cancer deaths in men. Its incidence has increased in the last 25 years. Generally speaking, the form of presentation of the disease is a painless mass, which is retroareolar, with retraction of the nipple or without it. The disease in advanced stages (stages III-IV) occurs in more than 40 percent of patients. The most frequent histopathological variety is the infiltrating ductal carcinoma and the treatment of choice is modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection. The objective of this work is the presentation of two cases diagnosed and treated at Salvador Allende Hospital, in addition to updating the topic(AU)

To strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of male breast cancer in China / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Male breast cancer is a rare disease with an incidence of about 1％ of breast cancers in USA,and about 1.4％ in China.Male breast cancer accounts for 1.9％ to 6.5％(with the mean value of 2.9％) of breast cancers in southwest of China.In China,male breast cancer is usually with poor prognosis caused by delayed diagnosis and treatment,because of being ignored by the community.It is important to strengthen the popular science propaganda,diagnosis and treatment of male breast cancer in China.

Analysis of clinical features and prognostic factors on 30 cases of male breast cancer / 临床外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinicopathlogical characteristics and prognostic factors of male breast cancer.Methods Clinical data from 30 cases of male breast cancer patients were collected, the survival curve of PFS was drawn and the survival rate and survival prognosis were estimated.Results There were 29 cases(97%)of estrogen receptor positive patients in total. The tumor pathology grades (χ2=6.141,P=0.013)and the status of hormone receptor(χ2=10.465,P=0.005)affected the prog-nosis of male patients with breast cancer in univariate analysis. And the tumor pathology grades(χ2=5.271,P=0.022,HR =5.762)affected the prognosis in multivariate analysis. Conclusion In male breast cancer patients,the positive rate of estrogen receptor is relatively high,and the tumor pathology grades is one of the most important factors affecting prognosis.

Expression and clinical significance of p57KIP2,cyclin D1,and cyclin E in male breast can-cer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To explore the relationship between the expression of p57KIP2,cyclin D1,and cyclin E receptors in male breast can-cer(MBC)and its clinical significance.Methods:Data of MBC cases diagnosed in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical Uni-versity between January 2000 and December 2016 were reviewed.Forty cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma(IDC)and 20 cases of male ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)were selected,and 20 cases of gynecomastia(GYM)were selected as controls.The expression of p57KIP2,cyclin D1,and cyclin E mRNA and protein in the tissue samples obtained from IDC,DCIS,and GYM cases were measured by re-verse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results:The expression of p57KIP2mRNA in IDC was 0.18±0.07,which was lower than that in DCIS(0.42±0.05)and GYM(0.75±0.04).The rate of p57KIP2positivity in IDC was 25%(10/40),which was lower than that in DCIS 60%(12/20)and GYM 90%(18/20).There were significant differences in the expression of p57KIP2mRNA and protein among the three groups(P<0.05).The expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E mRNA in IDC was 0.92±0.12 and 0.96±0.08,which was higher than that in DCIS(0.72±0.06,0.64±0.01)and GYM(0.38±0.03,0.21±0.02),respectively.Cyclin D1 and cy-clin E protein positive rates in IDC were 90%(36/40)and 88%(35/40),which were higher than those in DCIS[80%(16/20),85%(17/20)],and GYM[25%(5/20),20%(4/20)].In IDC tissues,the expression of p57KIP2,cyclin D1,and cyclin E proteins was associated with the clinical stage and histological grade(P<0.05),and the expression of p57KIP2protein was correlated with axillary node metastasis(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between the expression of p57KIP2and cyclin D1 and between p57KIP2and cyclin E.However,the correlation between cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression was positive(P<0.05).Conclusions:p57KIP2,cyclin D1,and cyclin E may play an im-portant role in the development and progression of MBC.Combined clinicopathological detection of p57KIP2,cyclin D1,and cyclin E can aid future research on MBC.

Tumor neuroendocrino primario de mama en un hombre / Primary neuroendocrine breast tumor found in a man

El cáncer de mama en hombres es una entidad poco frecuente y muy poco estudiada. Su pronóstico y manejo aun distan de lo ideal y de lo que se ha logrado en cáncer mamario en mujeres. Los tumores neuroendocrinos de la mama son aún más raros. Su comportamiento tiende en la mayoría de los casos a ser incierto y su manejo controversial. El reporte de caso se trata de un paciente masculino de 67 años, con historia de aparición de masa en mama derecha, con diagnóstico inicial de tumor mal diferenciado, con posterior inmunohistoquimica que informa tumor neuroendocrino primario de la mama. El diagnóstico temprano de cáncer de mama en hombres implica un verdadero reto para los sistemas de salud. Debemos conocer más sobre su fisiopatología y factores de riesgo(AU)

The early diagnosis of breast cancer in men represents a real challenge for the health systems. Therefore, our knowledge about its physiopathology and risk factors must be expandedBreast cancer in men is a rare and poorly studied malady. The prognosis and management is far from being ideal and from the achievements of the female breast cancer treatment. Even rare are neuroendocine breast tumors. In most of cases, its behavior is uncertain and its management is controversial. This was the report of a male patient aged 67 years, with history of right breast mass, initially diagnosed as a poorly differentiated tumor with later immunohistochemical test that reported the existence of a primary neuroendocrine breast tumor(AU)

Cutaneous Metastasis from Male Breast Cancer 10 Years after Treatment: A Case Report and Review of the Korean Literature / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Ectopic Male Breast Cancer in the Perineum: A Case Report / 한국유방암학회지

Ectopic breast tissue and male breast cancer are both very rare diseases with only a few reports in the literature. Here, we present the first case of ectopic male breast cancer in the perineum. The patient was a 70-year-old man with a palpable mass in the perineum. A wide local excision and inguinal lymph node dissection revealed invasive breast carcinoma of no special type involving the skin and subcutis, and inguinal lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Moreover, no p53 overexpression was observed. Herein, the clinical and pathologic features, as well as a review of ectopic male breast cancer are discussed.

Clinical Features of Male Breast Cancer: Experiences from Seven Institutions Over 20 Years / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Breast cancer treatment has progressed significantly over the past 20 years. However, knowledge regarding male breast cancer (MBC) is sparse because of its rarity. This study is an investigation of the clinicopathologic features, treatments, and clinical outcomes of MBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical records of 59 MBC patients diagnosed during 1995-2014 from seven institutions in Korea were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Over a 20-year period, MBC patients accounted for 0.98% among total breast cancer patients, and increased every 5 years. The median age of MBC patientswas 66 years (range, 24 to 87 years). Forty-three patients (73%) complained of a palpable breast mass initially. The median symptom duration was 5 months (range, 1 to 36 months). Mastectomy was performed in 96% of the patients. The most frequent histology was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (75%). Ninety-one percent of tumors (38/43) were estrogen receptor–positive, and 28% (11/40) showed epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression. After curative surgery, 42% of patients (19/45) received adjuvant chemotherapy; 77% (27/35) received hormone therapy. Five out of ten patients with HER-2 overexpressing tumors did not receive adjuvant anti–HER-2 therapy, while two out of four patients with HER-2 overexpressing tumors received palliative trastuzumab for recurrent and metastatic disease. Letrozole was used for one patient in the palliative setting. The median overall survival durations were 7.2 years (range, 0.6 to 17.0 years) in patients with localized disease and 2.9 years (range, 0.6 to 4.3 years) in those with recurrent or metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Anti–HER-2 and hormonal therapy, except tamoxifen, have been underutilized in Korean MBC patients compared to female breast cancer patients. With the development of precision medicine, active treatment with targeted agents should be applied. Further investigation of the unique pathobiology of MBC is clinically warranted.