Definición de consumo de hombres universitarios. Exploración desde las redes semánticas naturales / Definition of university men's consumption. Exploration from natural semantic networks

Resumen Frente al dominio del neoliberalismo en las sociedades contemporáneas, las posibilidades de consumo resultan abrumadoras, en tanto mecanismo de configuración identitaria y evidencia de nuevas formas de inclusión/exclusión de los sujetos respecto de los grupos sociales. Esta investigación aborda un segmento de la sociedad chilena que no escapa de esta lógica: los hombres jóvenes. Los jóvenes, en general, constituyen un segmento propenso al riesgo financiero, con altos niveles de endeudamiento, al menos en la sociedad chilena. En este escenario, el artículo explora los significados de consumo que construyen hombres universitarios de pregrado, de tres áreas de formación profesional de una universidad de la Región de La Araucanía (Chile). Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, aplicando la técnica de redes semánticas naturales. La muestra estuvo conformada por estudiantes de las áreas de las Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias de la Ingeniería, de edades entre 18 y 24 años, con un total de 51 sujetos. Los resultados indican una red semántica general abundante, cuyo núcleo está representado por la palabra "alimentarse", seguido por significados asociados a dinero, comprar y necesidad, que dan cuenta de la dimensión material del consumo. Son relevantes, además, los conceptos asociados a drogas y alcohol. A propósito de los hallazgos, se sugiere explorar la relación de la alimentación con el cuerpo masculino, así como la posesión de bienes materiales y las orientaciones al éxito en los hombres jóvenes, sobre todo en lo referente al proceso de construcción de masculinidades juveniles.

Abstract In the face of the dominance of neoliberalism in Western societies the possibilities of consumption are overwhelming. This type of societies are associated with a consumerist culture and lifestyle, where the capacity of consumption is the fundamental criterion of inclusion/exclusion of the subjects. Consumption intervenes significantly in the construction of people's personal and social identity. The desires and longings generated by the consumer society are related to the acquisition of lifestyles. In this sense, subjects give meaning to objects and experiences. The interest of this research is in young people. Young people represent a segment of interest for the economic market; therefore, they constitute a group that is financially in risk. The high levels of indebtedness of the youth population in Chile must be considered. Specifically, men handle money from a young age and carry out certain paid activities, especially in popular sectors. Men are projected as active consumers in the economic market, an area where the traditional gender division has diminished, directing men to production and women to consumption. On the other hand, empirical evidence shows the association between masculinities and material possessions, money and orientation to success. It is also possible to mention a relative scarcity of studies linking men and consumption in Latin America. In this context, the present article explores the meaning of consumption as constructed by university men in three areas of professional training, who are pursuing undergraduate careers, in the Araucanía Region. A qualitative methodology is used to achieve the research objective, applying the technique of natural semantic networks. A case study is carried out. The sample was conformed by students of Social Sciences (18 subjects), Health Sciences (15 subjects) and Engineering Sciences (18 subjects), aged between 18 and 24 years old, with a total of 51 subjects. All students are from a private university in the Araucanía Region, Chile.

Adaptation Experience of Male Nursing Students Who Return to University after Military Service / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study explores male nursing students' experiences with returning to school after military service. METHODS: Data were collected from 18 male nursing students who returned from military service between 2015 and 2017 through focus group interviews. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: From the 325 meanings obtained from the study participants, 18 themes and 5 theme clusters were identified. The 5 theme clusters were found to be “way one has to go because he is a man,” “endurance despite hard work,” “gazing from the highland,” “different feeling of the same place,” and “expectation and desire.” CONCLUSION: Male nursing students' experiences in the army had continuous meaning in the adaptive process of them leaving from and return to the university. Therefore, interest and effort within nursing schools and universities are needed so that the military experience can be beneficial to the university life, including the male students' departure and return.

Adaptation Experiences of Male Students in Nursing Education Programs: A Meta-synthesis Study / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to integrate and synthesize findings from qualitative studies exploring male students' experiences of adapting to nursing education programs so as to obtain further understanding of the phenomenon. METHODS: The meta-synthesis process was primarily guided by Noblit and Hare's approach, which consists of four stages including searching, appraisal of an individual study's quality, data extraction for analysis, and meta-synthesizing the results. RESULTS: Findings from the literature reviewed were synthesized into six themes: 1) extraordinary choice based on job stability and gender scarcity; 2) unexpected feeling of marginalization as minority far apart from the mainstream; 3) assimilation and negotiation for relational adaptation through perspective shift; 4) fortifying the vision and identity as nursing students by meaning making for adapting to the nursing major; 5) mutual support among colleague male students; and 6) serving in the military as way of hiding out and achieving maturation. CONCLUSION: The findings illustrate that nursing education programs need practical changes promoting male students' adaptation to the program itself as well as preparation to be a professional nurse in the future.

Study on' dating violence' in 697 male university students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the prevalence of 'dating violence' in male university students. Methods Six hundred and ninety-seven male students from a university were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire anonymously. Results Of the 697 male students, 73.5%(512/697) had a dating relationship or a dating meeting with the females. Among the 512 male students, 29.7% had physically (7.0%), psychologically (27.7%), or sexually (2.1%) aggressive behaviors to their partners while 25.2% of them had experienced aggression by their partners, physically (10.4%), psychologically (21.9%) or sexually (1.6%) in the past 12 months. Students having had physical punishment and emotional abuse during childhood by their parents were more likely to be involved in dating violence, when compared with the students who had no such experiences. Conclusion The problem of male students dating violence is not uncommon, suggesting that program on school and community-based prevention education and health services need to be developed.

A Study on the Relationship between Time Spent on Lunch and Degree of Obesity,Eating Habits in Culinary College Male Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was to investigate the relationship between time spent on lunch and degree of obesity, eating habits in culinary college male students. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 106 male students in a Hongseung-located culinary college. Over 16 minutes of time spent on lunch group had significantly lower body weights, obesity degrees and body mass index (BMI) and tended to have lower body fat % than the other groups. It suggests that shorter time spent on lunch is related with lower body weight, obesity degree and BMI. Those who ate the meal prepared by mother had longer time spent on lunch. The shorter times spent on lunch group recognized their body shape was lean, the longer time spent on lunch group recognized the overweight or obesity significantly. The shorter time spent on lunch group tended to eat the cooked rice in the gug and recognized that they were not healthy. Those who had diseases in the past tended to have shorter time spent on lunch. The more they chewed cooked rice and then longer time spent on lunch they had, they recognized their eating speed was not significantly speedy. The shorter time spent on lunch they had, the fewer fruits and salty foods they ate significantly. This study suggests that more chewing time, slower eating speed and longer time spent on eatmg lunch is very related with lowering weight, BMI, body fat % and obesity degrees, so male college students should be educated to have correct eating habits.

The Caloric Intake Status and the Eating Habits in College Male Students Living Alone or Sharing Accommodation with Friends / 대한지역사회영양학회지

To investigate effects of the shared living on nutrient intakes,250 college male students who were living alone (104 men) or sharing accommodation with friends (134 men) were participated. Their average age was 22.6 years, their average height was 171.8 cm, their average weight was 65.6 kg and their average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.2. The caloric intakes of the men living alone or sharing accommodation were 55.9% and 72.5% of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), respectively. The decreased caloric level of the group living alone seemed to be due to their decreased protein and fat consumption as compared to that of the group sharing accommodation. The group living alone consumed increased amounts of fiber for breakfast and half the carbohydrates, but more fat (p<0.05) in snacks than the group sharing accommodation. The daily carbohydrate : protein : fat (C : P : F) ratio averaged 58.6 14.1 27.3, which is a lower carbohydrate and a higher fat ratio than the Korean recommended ratio. However, the group living alone was closer to the Korean recommended ratio than the group sharing accommodation. The food intake habits were evaluated as being poorer in the group living alone as compared to the group sharing accommodation, less frequent consumption of fried/pan-fried dishes, and fruits/juices, but more frequent consumption of instant/processed foods. In comparing the eating patterns of the two groups, the group living alone showed better eating habits, such as more 'breakfast eating' and less 'snacking in the morning, afternoon or late at night' whereas the group sharing accommodation showed better eating habits such as less 'picky eaters' and less 'eating out'. In the group living alone, their lower caloric intake was assumably due to their fewer side dishes, however they showed higher eating frequencies of instant i processed foods. Since the lifestyle of living alone seems to grow gradually among young men, we strongly recommend dietary education for them.

Quantitative urinal protein increase after middle distance running according to age group / 体力科学

Changes in the amount of urinary protein and β<SUB>2</SUB>-microglobulin (β<SUB>2</SUB>-MG) were observed after middle-distance running in 46 primary school boys, 46 junior high school boys, 74 high school boys and 51 male college students, aged between 6 and 21 years.<BR>The running distance was varied according to age : 800 m for 6- to 7-year-olds, 1, 200 m for 8- to 9-year-olds, 1, 700 m for 10- to 11-year-olds and 1, 500 m for 12- to 21-year-olds.<BR>Urine was collected from each subject before and 30 min after running, and total urinary protein was analyzed by the Lowry method and β<SUB>2</SUB>-MG by the reverse passive hemagglutination method.<BR>For all subjects at rest, total urinary protein was 14.2-19.1 mg/d<I>l</I> on average and increased to 24.6-96.2 mg/d<I>l</I> at 30 min after running, while β<SUB>2</SUB>-MG at rest was 3.10-7.12 μg/d<I>l</I> and increased to 30.53-1202.87 μg/d<I>l</I> at 30 min after running.<BR>Urinary protein originating in blood plasma and that in non-blood plasma was calculated on the basis of the study of Poortmans (1968) . Urinary protein originating in blood plasma after running was 2.54-6.58 times higher than that before running, whereas non-blood plasma after running was 1.04-1.92 times higher than that before running. This suggests that the increased urinary protein after running mainly originates from blood plasma. In terms of age, urinary protein from non-blood plasma in boys aged 6 to 11 years showed a greater increase than that in boys over 12 years old.<BR>The ratio of β<SUB>2</SUB>-MG to urinary protein after running was 7.0-80.6 times higher than that before running. The correlation coefficient between urinary protein and β<SUB>2</SUB>-MG became higher after running than that before running. These findings indicate that low-molecular-weight urinary protein is predominantly reabsorbed in the proximal renal tubule. In terms of age, the increase in the above ratio in 12-14-year-olds was lower than that in 1521-year-olds, suggesting that the reabsorption ability of the proximal renal tubule matures with age.

Changes in serum immunogloblin levels and neutrophilic phagocytosis after exercise / 体力科学

This paper is intended to give the information we need about personal reactivity to transient loads for the object of estimating human physical fitness. For this purpose, both serum immunoglobulin levels and neutrophilic phagocytosis were assayed as indices to self-defense activities.<BR>To determine the later described reproducibility of experimental results, two independent experiments were made on two different groups -one consisting of twelve and the other of fourteen male voluntary students of our college- exercised in the playgroud. The serum levels of three immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and two complements (C3 and C4), prior to and immediately after exercise, were compared with each other. They rose without exception after exercise.<BR>Paired T-test revealed that in the group of twelve students, rises in IgG, IgA, C3, α-1-antitrypsin and transferrin were significant at P<0.1%, 5%, 5%, 5% and 0.1%, and in the group of fourteen rises in IgG, IgA, IgM, C 3, C 4, α-1-antitrypsin and transferrin were significant at P<1%, 0.1%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1%, respectively.<BR>In the meantime, the neutrophilic phagocytosis (%) was significantly decreased immediately after exercise in both groups (P-<1% and P-<0.1% respectively) .