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1.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 23(4): 1633-1650, dez. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538291

ABSTRACT

Este artigo se propõe a elaborar, a partir da formação do psicanalista e da política da psicanálise, a articulação entre os campos psicanalítico e da saúde mental. Para isso, parte-se do alerta de Freud quanto ao risco de a psicanálise figurar como uma técnica a mais, no rol das especialidades médicas, somado às questões colocadas por Franco Basaglia para a Psiquiatria e a Psicanálise. Compreende-se que tanto os questionamentos de Basaglia, quanto as justificativas dadas por Lacan em seu retorno a Freud, têm como possível elo o alerta quanto ao risco de reduzir o tratamento dispensado para sujeitos em situação de intenso sofrimento psíquico, bem como a formação ofertada no interior das instituições psicanalíticas, a um mero exercício de adequação social. Nesse sentido, indicamos ser a política do psicanalista, com seu radical compromisso com a perspectiva de não redução da Psicanálise à oferta de um tratamento que negue a condição de falta-a-ser do sujeito, uma perspectiva possível para situar o psicanalista frente ao aparelhamento das instituições, sejam as de saúde mental, sejam aquelas que atravessam a formação do psicanalista, como a Universidade e as Escolas de Psicanálise.


This article proposes to elaborate from the education of psychoanalysts and the politics of psychoanalysis, the articulation between the psychoanalytic and mental health fields. To that end, it starts with Freud's warning about the risk of psychoanalysis appearing as one more technique in the list of medical specialties, added to the questions raised by Franco Basaglia to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. It is understood that both Basaglia's questions and the justifications given by Lacan in his return to Freud have as a possible link the alert regarding the risk of reducing the treatment given to subjects in situations of intense psychic suffering, as well as the education offered in the within psychoanalytic institutions, to a mere exercise of social adequacy. In that sense, we indicate that the psychoanalyst's policy, with his radical commitment to the perspective of not reducing Psychoanalysis to the offer of a treatment that denies the subject's condition of lack-to-be, is a possible perspective to place the psychoanalyst in the face of the rigging of institutions, whether those of mental health or those that permeate the education of psychoanalysts, such as the University and Schools of Psychoanalysis.


Ese artículo se propone elaborar, a partir de la formación del psicoanalista y de la política del psicoanálisis, la articulación entre los campos psicoanalíticos y de la salud mental. Para eso, partimos de la alerta de Freud cuanto al riesgo del psicoanálisis engendrar como una técnica a más en el rol de las especialidades médicas, sumado a las cuestiones planteadas por Franco Basaglia para la Psiquiatría y el Psicoanálisis. Se entiende que tanto los cuestionamientos de Basaglia, cuanto las justificativas ofrecidas por Lacan en su retorno hacia Freud tienen como posible enlace la alerta cuanto, al riesgo en reducir el tratamiento dispensado para los sujetos en situación de intenso sufrimiento psíquico, así como la formación ofrecida en el interior de las instituciones psicoanalíticas, a un simples ejercicio de adecuación social. En ese sentido, indicaremos ser la política del psicoanalista, con su radical compromiso con la perspectiva de la no reducción del Psicoanálisis a una oferta de un tratamiento que niegue la condición de falta-a-ser del sujeto, una perspectiva posible para situar el psicoanalista frente al preparo de las instituciones, sean de salud mental, sean aquellas que atraviesan la formación del psicoanalista, como la Universidad y las Escuelas de Psicoanálisis.

2.
rev. psicogente ; 26(50)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536979

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el malestar psicológico y los síntomas psicopatológicos en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19. Se trabajó con metodología mixta, cuali-cuantitativa. Método: Participaron del estudio 131 adultos de entre 21 y 76 años (68,7 % habían padecido COVID- 19), quienes completaron un cuestionario personal y el Inventario de Síntomas de Derogatis Revisado [SCL-90-R]. Adicionalmente se efectuaron 10 entrevistas semi-estructuradas en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 que debieron hospitalizarse a causa de la enfermedad. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que los participantes recuperados de COVID-19 reportaban mayores niveles de malestar y síntomas psicopatológicos luego de su recuperación, en comparación con los participantes que no contrajeron la enfermedad. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) para casi todos los indicadores, a excepción de Sensibilidad interpersonal e Ideación paranoide (p = 0,06). Además, los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados, pero no fueron intervenidos con respiración asistida, presentaron indicadores más altos para Somatizaciones y para Obsesiones y compulsiones en comparación al grupo que fue internado con respirador (p < 0,05). Complementaria- mente, el análisis cualitativo sugiere que los participantes hospitalizados experimentaron malestar y distintas consecuencias por la internación y la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los resultados están en línea con lo reportado en la literatura y sugieren la importancia de la contención psicológica como complementaria a la recuperación física.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms in patients recovered from COVID-19. For this purpose, we worked with a mixed, quali-quantitative methodology. Method: A total of 131 adults between 21 and 76 years of age (68,7 % had suffered COVID-19) participated in the study, completing a personal questionnaire and the Symptom Check-List-90-R [SCL-90-R]. In addition, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with recovered COVID-19 patients who had to be hospitalized because of the disease. Results: The results indicated that participants who recovered from COVID-19 reported higher levels of distress and psychopathological symptoms after their recovery, compared to participants who did not contract the disease. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) were found for almost all indicators, except for Interpersonal Sensitivity and Paranoid Ideation (p = 0,06). Additionally, patients who were hospitalized but not given assisted breathing interventions showed higher indicators for Somatization and Obsessions and Compulsions compared to the group that was hospitalized with a ventilator (p < 0,05). Furthermore, the qualitative analysis suggests that hospitalized participants experienced distress and different consequences from hospitalization and the disease. Discussions: The results are in line with what has been reported in the literature and suggest the importance of psychological support as a complement to physical recovery.

3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535436

ABSTRACT

Introducción: A consecuencia de la emergencia sanitaria por el virus SARS-CoV2, las actividades académicas migraron de forma repentina a un entorno de trabajo remoto; esto provocó que los hogares de todo el mundo se convirtieran en el asentamiento urgente de las estaciones de trabajo académico. La ergonomia como disciplina científica cobra relevancia al ser un aliado subsanador para mitigar los riesgos asociados con la aparición de lesiones musculoesqueléticas. De acuerdo con la memoria estadística del Instituto Mexicano de Seguridad Social, IMSS1, en el primer año de pandemia de COVID-19 se registraron 30 860 atenciones por lesiones en la región de manos y muñecas, 9696 en la zona de cabeza y cuello, 6251 dorsopatías y 1673 atenciones por astenopia a jóvenes de entre 18 a 29 años que desarrollaban actividades escolares. Objetivo: En este sentido, se aborda la presente investigación para conocer la composición de los espacios de trabajo académico en casa y analizar si existen factores o elementos que incidan en el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en los estudiantes del nivel superior. Metodología: A través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que cuenta con el constructo latente de las posibles lesiones (PL) en manos, espalda, piernas, cabeza, vista, oído, agotamiento físico y la respiración, las variables observables se atribuyen a los espacios utilizados para las actividades académicas en casa, muebles y equipos, Condiciones y Medio Ambiente (CyMAT). Resultados y discusión: Se encontró que un mal diseño de la estación de trabajo académico en casa, aunado a la utilización inadecuada de los muebles y equipos, aumenta la posibilidad de presentar síntomas asociados con las LMEs y, por tanto, daños en la salud del estudiante. Conclusión: La mediación de las estaciones de trabajo a través de la implementación de elementos ergonómicos mejora de forma sustancial la calidad de trabajo académico en casa, y hace evidente la importancia de la ergonomía como disciplina científica.


Introduction: As a result of the health emergency of the SARS-CoV2 virus, academic activities suddenly migrated to a remote work environment, causing homes around the world to become the urgent settlement of academic workstations. Ergonomics as a scientific discipline becomes relevant as it is a healing ally to mitigate the risks associated with the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries. According to the statistical report of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, IMSS1, in the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic, 30,860 care for injuries in the hands and wrists region, 9,696 in the head and neck area, 6,251 dorsopathies and 1,673 care for asthenopia were registered to young people between 18 and 29 years old who develop school activities. Objective: In this sense, this research is addressed to know the composition of academic workspaces at home and analyze if some factors or elements affect the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in students of the higher level. Methodology: Through a structural equations model that has the latent construct of possible injuries (PL) in the hands, back, legs, head, eyesight, hearing, physical exhaustion, and breathing; the observable variables are attributed to the spaces used for academic activities at home, furniture and equipment, conditions and environment (CyMAT) Results and discussion: It is explored that a bad design of the academic workstation at home coupled with the inappropriate use of furniture and equipment increases the possibility of presenting symptoms associated with SCI and therefore, damage to the student's health. Conclusion: The mediation of workstations through the implementation of ergonomic elements substantially improves the quality of academic work at home, making evident the importance of ergonomics as a scientific discipline

4.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 52(3)sept. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536145

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the mental health status and associated factors of Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Descriptive, multicentre, correlational study that used the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)", the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)" and the "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)" questionnaires to evaluate mental health problems. Results: A total of 1,238 students from 8 Peruvian medical schools participated in the study. Of these, 68.5% were women, and the mean age was 21.4 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 74% of the participants, anxiety symptoms in 57% and distress symptoms in 65%. The variables associated with the development of symptoms of moderate-severe depression, anxiety and distress were: not having family economic stability, being in the first years of medical training, being female, and fearing that their medical training would be delayed and impaired. Conclusions: In a sample of medical students surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems were common. The factors associated with mental health reported in this study could be useful in identifying vulnerable medical students who require timely psychosocial support and/or psychiatric care.


Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de salud mental y sus factores asociados en una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina peruanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo, multicéntrico y correlacional que utilizó las escalas Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) e Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) para evaluar los problemas de salud mental. Resultados: Participaron en total 1.238 estudiantes de 8 facultades de Medicina de Perú. El 68,5% eran mujeres y la media de edad, 21,4 anos. Se encontraron síntomas depresivos en el 74% de los participantes, síntomas de ansiedad en el 57% y síntomas de malestar en el 65%. Las variables asociadas con la aparición de síntomas depresivos moderados-graves, ansiedad y malestar fueron no tener estabilidad económica familiar, estar en los primeros an os de formación médica, ser mujer y sentir el temor de que su formación médica se retrase y se deteriore. Conclusiones: En una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina encuestados durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los problemas de salud mental fueron comunes. Los factores asociados con la salud mental reportados en este estudio podrían ser útiles para identificar a los estudiantes de Medicina vulnerables que requieran apoyo psicosocial y/o atención psiquiátrica oportuna.

5.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 461-477, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448505

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva -perspectiva y foco temporales- y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (. = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad -además de las biológicas y contextuales- en la aparición de malestar psicológico.


Abstract Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality -time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (. = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X. (6) = 198.8, . < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (. (4, 266) = 64.66, . < .001, R. = .49, R. adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X./gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R. = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables -in addition to biological and contextual variables- in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented.

6.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 543-558, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448509

ABSTRACT

Resumen La presente investigación se focalizó en los diferentes tipos de uso (activo/pasivo) que hacen los usuarios de redes sociales y los efectos psicológicos que esto puede conllevar, sobre todo en aquellos sujetos tendientes a compararse con los demás. Por un lado, se examinó el poder predictor de variables relacionadas al uso de redes sociales (i. e., tiempo de conexión, tipo de uso -pasivo/activo-, motivaciones de uso) y la comparación social, sobre el malestar psicológico percibido (i. e., depresión, ansiedad, estrés). Por otro lado, se analizó el rol mediador de la comparación social en la relación entre el uso pasivo de redes sociales y la percepción de malestar psicológico percibido. La muestra fue de conveniencia y estuvo compuesta por 420 sujetos de población general (211 hombres, 209 mujeres), con una media de edad de 40.29 años (DE = 14.93). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de recolección de datos: Motives for SMSs use Scale; Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) y una escala diseñada ad-hoc para evaluar el uso activo y pasivo que se hace de redes sociales. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la comparación social es el principal predictor de malestar psicológico junto con el motivo de uso relacionado con pasatiempo/exhibicionismo. Además, se pudo comprobar un efecto indirecto del uso pasivo sobre el malestar psicológico considerando a la comparación social como variable mediadora. Por lo tanto, usar pasivamente las redes generaría mayor malestar si el usuario tiende a compararse con quienes realizan las publicaciones.


Abstract The present investigation is framed in the field of cyberpsychology. It aimed to analyze the predictive power of variables related to the use of social media sites -SMSs- (i. e., connection time, type of use -passive / active-, motivations for use) and social comparison, on perceived psychological distress (i. e., depression, anxiety, stress). Furthermore, the mediating role of social comparison in the relationship between the passive use of SMSs and the perceived psychological distress, was also analyzed. It is important to study these topics since different international studies have shown inconsistent and contradictory results regarding the effects of SMSs use on individuals' well-being (e. g., Frison y Eggermont, 2015; Kraut et al., 2002; Nie et al., 2015). Consequently, some studies have focused on understanding whether the manner in which people use the networks, whether actively or passively, explains how technology impacts on users' well-being and/or psychological distress (Verduyn et al., 2015). The negative impact of passive use of SMSs can be explained by the Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954), which suggests that people tend to evaluate themselves in comparison with others. These comparisons might generate negative effects on the individual (Giagkou et al., 2018) and, according to Lup et al. (2015), social comparison may be a mediating variable in this association. Regarding participants of the study, a convenience sample of 420 subjects of general population was studied (211 men, 209 women). The mean age was 40.29 years old (SD = 14.93). The majority of the participants (n = 278) lived in Buenos Aires City and surroundings. In terms of variables related to the use of SMSs, when asked about type of SMSs, most participants reported using more than one SMS, mainly Facebook (72 %) and Instagram (57 %). Regarding time spent on SMSs, 60 % of the respondents used their favorite SMS more than three times a day. The mean daily time engaged on all the SMSs exceeded five hours. Data were gathered using the Motives for SMSs use Scale (Lupano Perugini y Castro Solano, 2021a), the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E) (Buunk et al., 2005; Gibbons y Buunk, 1999), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Antúnez y Vinet, 2012; Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995). Furthermore, a survey to assess individuals' use of social networks was designed. The first part explored the most frequently used SMSs, the number and type of friends/followers, and the time spent on SMSs. The main SMSs were listed and participants were asked to indicate whether they used them or not, and if they did, they rated the amount of time spent on SMSs daily. The total amount of time per day was also surveyed. The second part of the survey was designed based on The Passive Active Use Measure (PAUM, Gerson et al., 2017) and some users' suggestions. This instrument assesses the frequency of certain activities performed on the networks to find out if participants make active use (e. g., posting information, commenting) or passive use (e. g., viewing profiles and posts, scrolling). The obtained results showed that social comparison is the main predictor of psychological distress. The motivation for use related to pass time / exhibitionism was also a significant predictor. In addition, an indirect effect of passive use on perceived psychological distress could be verified, considering social comparison as a mediating variable. Therefore, using the social networks passively would generate greater discomfort if the user tends to compare themselves with those who make the publications. The results of this study allow both users and healthcare and education providers to have greater knowledge of the consequences of using social media on individuals' overall well-being, and to promote their proper use.

7.
Rev. mex. trastor. aliment ; 13(1): 58-70, ene.-jun. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530218

ABSTRACT

Resumen Con la finalidad de evaluar la presencia de insatisfacción corporal en jóvenes varones, resulta importante contar con instrumentos adecuados que midan esta insatisfacción y que garanticen resultados válidos. En el Perú y en diversos países, no se cuenta con gran variedad de herramientas apropiadas que midan la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal en varones, por lo que el propósito de la investigación fue adaptar lingüística y psicométricamente el BSQ en un grupo de jóvenes varones universitarios (n=320) de Lima Metropolitana con un rango de edad de 18 a 30 años. Se obtuvo una explicación del 50.72% sobre la variabilidad del instrumento y los resultados mostraron una excelente consistencia interna en ambos factores: 1) Malestar Corporal Normativo (α= .88) y 2) Malestar Corporal Patológico (α= .87). Respecto a la validez convergente y divergente, el BSQ demostró una buena capacidad para determinar la presencia de insatisfacción de la imagen corporal denotando una convergencia positiva y significativa entre ambos factores del BSQ con el Afecto Negativo del SPANAS, explicando como todos estos sentimientos negativos se encuentran presentes e influyen con la aparición de esta incomodidad. Se discuten las limitaciones y recomendaciones del estudio, y la dirección de futuras investigaciones.


Abstract In order to evaluate the presence of corporal dissatisfaction in young men, it is important to have adequate instruments to measure this dissatisfaction and guarantee valid results. However, in Peru and several countries, there is not a great variety of appropriate tools to assess body image dissatisfaction. The present research aimed to adapt the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to a group of young male university students (N = 320) from Metropolitan Lima with an age range of 18 to 30 years. Results showed a 2-factor structure that explained 50.72% of the total variance. An excellent internal consistency was obtained in both factors: 1) Normative Body Uncomfort (α = .88) and 2) Pathological Body Uncomfort (α = .87). Regarding convergent and divergent validity, the BSQ showed good ability to determine the presence of body image dissatisfaction, denoting a positive and significant convergence between both BSQ factors with the PANAS Negative Affect, explaining how all these negative feelings are present and influence with this discomfort. Finally, the limitations and recommendations of the study, as well as the direction of future research are discussed.

8.
Interacciones ; 9ene. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448474

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La regulación de las emociones implica la modulación de las experiencias de las emociones para facilitar la consecución de los objetivos, por el contrario, las dificultades emocionales son un patrón de experiencias y/o expresiones emocionales que interfieren con el comportamiento dirigido a objetivos. Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la relación entre las dificultades en la regulación emocional con la postergación, la satisfacción con la vida y la resiliencia a la angustia. Método: La muestra consistió en 366 personas de la población general, con una media de edad de 33 años (DE=15) y un 62.1% de mujeres. Resultados: La postergación se relaciona positivamente con las seis estrategias de dificultades en la regulación de las emociones y el afecto negativo (AN), y negativamente con el afecto positivo (AP), la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia. La satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia se relacionan negativamente con las estrategias de regulación identificadas y con el afecto negativo, y positivamente con el afecto positivo. La postergación, una vez controlado el AN y el AP se predice por la falta de claridad y la falta de objetivos. La satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia son predichas por menos falta de estrategias. Conclusiones: Se concluye que de las variables sociodemográficas solo la edad es relevante en la postergación, dado que las personas menores de 21 años puntúan más elevado en este constructo. La postergación se relaciona positivamente con las seis dimensiones de las dificultades en la regulación de las emociones, en las que es predicha por la falta de objetivos y la falta de claridad, sin embargo, la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia al malestar por menos falta de estrategias.


Background: Emotion regulation involves the modulation of emotional experiences to facilitate goal attainment. Conversely, emotional difficulties are a pattern of emotional experiences and expressions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties with procrastination, life satisfaction, and resilience to distress. Methods: The sample consisted of 366 individuals from the general population, with a mean age of 33 years (SD=15) and 62.1% female. Results: Procrastination was positively related to the six emotional distress regulation strategies and negative affect (NA), and negatively related to positive affect (PA). Life satisfaction and distress endurance are negatively related to the identified regulation strategies and NA, and positively related to PA. Procrastination, once NA and PA are controlled is predicted by lack of clarity and lack of goals. Satisfaction with life and resistance to distress are predicted by less lack of strategies. Conclusions: It is concluded that of the sociodemographic variables only age is relevant to procrastination, given that people younger than 21 years score higher on this construct. Procrastination is positively related to the six dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation, where it is predicted by lack of goals and lack of clarity, however, satisfaction with life and resistance to discomfort by less lack of strategies.

9.
Interacciones ; 9: e278, ene. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1517795

ABSTRACT

Background: Emotion regulation involves the modulation of emotional experiences to facilitate goal attainment. Conversely, emotional difficulties are a pattern of emotional experiences and expressions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties with procrastination, life satisfaction, and resilience to distress. Methods: The sample consisted of 366 individuals from the general population, with a mean age of 33 years (SD=15) and 62.1% female. Results: Procrastination was positively related to the six emotional distress regulation strategies and negative affect (NA), and negatively related to positive affect (PA). Life satisfaction and distress endurance are negatively related to the identified regulation strategies and NA, and positively related to PA. Procrastination, once NA and PA are controlled is predicted by lack of clarity and lack of goals. Satisfaction with life and resistance to distress are predicted by less lack of strategies. Conclusions: It is concluded that of the sociodemographic variables only age is relevant to procrastination, given that people younger than 21 years score higher on this construct. Procrastination is positively related to the six dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation, where it is predicted by lack of goals and lack of clarity, however, satisfaction with life and resistance to discomfort by less lack of strategies.


Introducción: La regulación de las emociones implica la modulación de las experiencias de las emociones para facilitar la consecución de los objetivos, por el contrario, las dificultades emocionales son un patrón de experiencias y/o expresiones emocionales que interfieren con el comportamiento dirigido a objetivos. Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la relación entre las dificultades en la regulación emocional con la postergación, la satisfacción con la vida y la resiliencia a la angustia. Método: La muestra consistió en 366 personas de la población general, con una media de edad de 33 años (DE=15) y un 62.1% de mujeres. Resultados: La postergación se relaciona positivamente con las seis estrategias de dificultades en la regulación de las emociones y el afecto negativo (AN), y negativamente con el afecto positivo (AP), la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia. La satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia se relacionan negativamente con las estrategias de regulación identificadas y con el afecto negativo, y positivamente con el afecto positivo. La postergación, una vez controlado el AN y el AP se predice por la falta de claridad y la falta de objetivos. La satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia a la angustia son predichas por menos falta de estrategias. Conclusiones: Se concluye que de las variables sociodemográficas solo la edad es relevante en la postergación, dado que las personas menores de 21 años puntúan más elevado en este constructo. La postergación se relaciona positivamente con las seis dimensiones de las dificultades en la regulación de las emociones, en las que es predicha por la falta de objetivos y la falta de claridad, sin embargo, la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia al malestar por menos falta de estrategias.

10.
Interacciones ; 9: e326, ene. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1517816

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to relate life satisfaction and psychological distress to coping with the perception of criminal danger in university students. Method: Three scales were used: The Life Satisfaction Scale, the K-10 Psychological Distress Scale, and the Coping with Perceived Danger Scale. A total of 370 university students participated, of whom 65.4% were female, and 13.8% had experienced crime in the previous two years. Result: A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between coping with perceived danger, such as cautious avoidance (r=0.274, p ≤ 0.00), preventive coping (r=0.344, p ≤ 0.00), and extreme avoidance (r=0.207, p ≤ 0.00), with psychological distress. These relationships were even stronger for victims of crime. Women show higher levels of psychological distress and more cautious, avoidant and extreme coping strategies in the face of danger compared to men. Finally, a negative and significant relationship was observed between psychological distress and life satisfaction. Conclusion: It appears that regardless of whether a person has been a victim of crime in the last two years, perceptions of danger and strategies of cautious and even extreme crime prevention are related.


Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar la satisfacción con la vida y el malestar psicológico con el afrontamiento frente a la percepción de peligro delictual en universitarios. Método: Se utilizaron tres escalas, la escala de satisfacción con la vida, la escala de malestar psicológico k-10, y la escala de afrontamiento frente a la percepción de peligro. Participaron 370 estudiantes universitarios, de los cuales un 65,4% son mujeres y un 13,8% han sufrido un delito en los últimos 2 años. Resultados: Se encontró una relación positiva, con un tamaño del efecto pequeño entre el afrontamiento frente la percepción de peligro, como evitación prudente (r=0,274, (p ≤ 0,00), afrontamiento preventivo (r=0,344, p ≤ 0,00) y evitación extrema (r=0,207, p ≤ 0,00) con malestar psicológico. En víctimas de delitos, estas relaciones se hacen más fuertes. Las mujeres muestran un mayor malestar psicológico, así como también estrategias de afrontamiento frente al peligro más prudentes, preventivas y extremas que los hombres. Por último, se observa una relación negativa y significativa entre malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida. Conclusión: Se videncia que independiente de que, si la persona es víctima de un delito en los últimos dos años, la percepción de peligro y las estrategias llevadas a cabo para prevenir el delito de forma prudente e incluso extrema, se relacionan entre sí.

11.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 35: e275160, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1521411

ABSTRACT

Resumo Em que consiste a sociogenia apresentada por Frantz Fanon e quais as suas implicações para a compreensão dos modos de subjetivação em uma sociabilidade marcada pelo racismo e a desumanização? Este estudo estabelece um diálogo entre escritos de Sigmund Freud e Fanon para propor que a experiência colonial imprime um tipo particular de estranhamento, aqui nomeado como mal-estar colonial. O sofrimento sociopolítico resultante do racismo antinegro contemporâneo se expressa a partir de um duplo mal estar. Soma-se, ao mal-estar relativo ao desassossego dos indivíduos diante do preço a pagar pela pertença e segurança no laço social, a recusa do reconhecimento de sua pertença e do seu direito de usufruto do pacto social, travestido de pacto civilizatório. Este estudo, baseado na gênese social e política do sofrimento humano na sociabilidade colonial, considera que a perspectiva clínico-política implicada se alia à análise sociológica para atentar às dimensões singulares e universais do sujeito.


Resumen ¿En qué consiste la sociogenia presentada por Frantz Fanon y cuáles son sus implicaciones para comprender los modos de subjetivación en una sociabilidad marcada por el racismo y la deshumanización? Este estudio establece un diálogo entre los escritos de Sigmund Freud y Fanon para proponer que la experiencia colonial imprime un tipo particular de extrañamiento, aquí denominado malestar colonial. El sufrimiento sociopolítico resultante del racismo antinegro contemporáneo se expresa a través de un doble malestar. Al malestar relacionado con la inquietud de los individuos ante el precio a pagar por la pertenencia y la seguridad en el vínculo social se suma la negativa a reconocer su pertenencia y su derecho a disfrutar del pacto social, disfrazado de pacto civilizador. Este estudio, basado en la génesis social y política del sufrimiento humano en la sociabilidad colonial, considera que la perspectiva clínico-política involucrada se combina con el análisis sociológico para a las dimensiones singulares y universales del sujeto.


Abstract What does the sociogeny presented by Frantz Fanon consist of and what are its implications for understanding the modes of subjectivation in a sociability marked by racism and dehumanization? This study establishes a dialogue between the writings of Sigmund Freud and Fanon to propose that the colonial experience imprints a particular type of estrangement, here named as colonial malaise. The sociopolitical suffering resulting from contemporary anti-black racism is expressed through a double discomfort. Added to the discomfort related to the uneasiness of individuals regarding the price to pay for belonging and security in the social bond is the refusal to recognize their belonging and their right to enjoy the social pact, disguised as a civilizing pact. This study, based on the social and political genesis of human suffering in colonial sociability, considers that the clinical-political perspective involved is combined with sociological analysis to address both singular and universal dimensions of the subject.


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Colonialism , Racism , Embarrassment
12.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 24(3): [15], dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440153

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: La pandemia por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, genera afectaciones en las esferas social, económica y sanitaria de un país, y de manera particular, consecuencias psicológicas negativas en el personal sanitario de hospitales públicos, considerados como la primera línea de atención a pacientes con esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir factores asociados a la presencia de malestar psicológico en el personal sanitario de un hospital general público en Ecuador, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio no experimental, de corte transversal, con alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Los datos correspondieron a 276 funcionarios de la salud que respondieron un instrumento online, con un módulo de datos sociodemográficos y una escala de tamizaje de malestar psicológico, estos se aplicaron después de una intervención en salud dirigida al personal de salud realizada al inicio de la pandemia, en mayo del año 2020. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de asociación, mediante el software SPSS 25.0. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 76.1 % de mujeres, 23.9 % de hombres, con una media de edad de 36 años, en mayor cantidad con profesionales de Enfermería (33.7 %), seguido de Medicina (24.3 %). El 70.7 % del personal de salud presentó malestar psicológico, de estos, el 26.1 % con indicativo de trastorno mental. Se encontraron tres variables asociadas a la presencia de malestar psicológico: clima laboral, teletrabajo y convivir con grupos de riesgo. Conclusiones: El personal de Salud ha presentado afectación en su salud mental asociado a las condiciones sociolaborales durante la pandemia.


Background: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic affects the social, economic and health spheres of a country, especially negative psychological consequences to the health staff of public hospitals, considered as the first line of care for patients with this disease. Objective: To describe factors related to the presence of psychological distress in the health personnel of a public general hospital in Ecuador, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Non-experimental, cross-sectional study with a descriptive-correlational scope. The data corresponded to 276 health officials who answered to an online instrument, with a sociodemographic data module and a psychological distress screening scale, these were applied after a health intervention aimed at health personnel conducted at the beginning of the pandemic, in May 2020. Descriptive and association analyzes were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The sample was made up of 76.1 % women, 23.9 % men, mean age of 36 years, with a greater number of Nursing professionals (33.7 %), followed by Medicine (24.3 %). 70.7 % of the health personnel presented psychological distress, out of these, 26.1 % showed mental disorder. Three variables related to the presence of psychological distress were found: work environment, teleworking and living with risk groups. Conclusions: Health staff has presented mental health distress related to socio-labor conditions during the pandemic.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Alert Fatigue, Health Personnel , Occupational Stress , Mental Disorders
13.
Salud ment ; 45(5): 213-226, Sep.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432196

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction College students live a crucial period of transition from late adolescence to adulthood when they have to deal with important stressful tasks. Thus, university often represents a stressful environment, pushing students to cope with a high academic pressure. As a result, this period constitutes a sensitive age for the onset of mental disorders. Typically, students are not aware of the early signs of their own compromised mental health until symptoms aggravate to an overt disorder. Therefore, it is important to timely detect subthreshold symptoms mostly related to generic mental distress. Objective First, to assess psychophysical well-being and mental distress among college students in northern Italy, and to detect predictors, among socio-demographic and academic characteristics, and risky drug use of these two outcomes. Method The study involved 13,886 students who received an email explaining the purpose of the e-research. The questionnaires used were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the University Stress Scale (USS), and a modified version of World Health Organization-ASSIST v3.0. Results 3,754 students completed the web-survey. Students showed poor well-being and mental distress. The strongest predictor of mental distress and compromised well-being was physical health, followed by sex, study field, risky drug use, and academic performance concerns. Discussion and conclusion This study shows that it is very important to promote in college students healthy behaviors in order to increase their physical exercise and reduce substance use. Moreover, it would be desirable to improve academic counselling facilities as an important front-line service to intercept mental health issues among young adults.


Resumen Introducción Los estudiantes universitarios pasan por un periodo crucial en su transición de la adolescencia tardía a la edad adulta, periodo en que tienen que lidiar con tareas estresantes. La universidad representa un entorno estresante, que empuja a los estudiantes a hacer frente a una alta presión académica. Como resultado, este periodo constituye una edad sensible para la aparición de trastornos mentales. En general, los estudiantes no cobran consciencia de los primeros signos de que su propia salud mental está en riesgo sino hasta que los síntomas se agravan y se convierten en un trastorno manifiesto. Por tanto, es importante detectar oportunamente los síntomas subumbrales relacionados ante todo con la angustia mental genérica. Objetivo Evaluar el bienestar psicofísico y la angustia mental entre estudiantes universitarios del norte de Italia, y en segundo lugar, detectar predictores entre las características sociodemográficas y académicas, y el uso de drogas de estos dos resultados. Método En el estudio participaron 13,886 estudiantes que recibieron un correo electrónico que explicaba el propósito de la investigación. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-12), la Escala de Estrés Universitario (USS) y una versión modificada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud-ASSIST v3.0. Resultados 3,754 estudiantes completaron la encuesta en línea. Los estudiantes mostraron bienestar y angustia mental. El predictor más fuerte de angustia mental y bienestar comprometido fue la salud física, seguido del sexo, el campo de estudio, el uso de drogas y el rendimiento académico. Discusión y conclusión Este estudio muestra que es muy importante promover entre los estudiantes universitarios comportamientos saludables para promover el ejercicio físico y reducir el consumo de sustancias. Además, sería deseable mejorar la orientación académica que es un importante servicio de primera línea para interceptar los problemas de salud mental en los estudiantes.

14.
Psicol. teor. prát. ; 24(3): 15511, 26.08.2022.
Article in Portuguese, English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435983

ABSTRACT

The issue of quality of working life (QWL) has assumed social and corporate relevance due to the worsening of harmful indicators for the health and safety of workers and the scope of the organizational mission. The research aimed to highlight the structuring representations of well-being and malaise at work by servants of a public organization seeking to contribute to the sustainable management of QWL. A total of 1,110 civil ser-vants of an executive branch of the Federal District, in Brazil, participated in the survey. Data were collected based on two open questions from the qualitative part of the Quality of Working Life Assessment Inventory (QWL-AI) and were analyzed using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Ques-tionnaires (IRaMuTeQ) application. The results pointed to three discourse structuring thematic nuclei for work well-being (having a good relationship with colleagues, doing a job you like, and feeling useful to society) and malaise at work (work overload, lack of recognition, time pressure, and rework). Therefore, sustainable man-agement of QWL must be anchored in people management practices that foster professional development, the alignment between tasks, roles, and organizational mission, highlighting the social contributions, the recognition of the worker by their superiors, peers, and society, and the review of work organization, focusing on the reassessment of work processes, distribution of demands, and ways of setting and demanding goals


A questão da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) tem relevância social e corporativa em face do agravamento de indicadores nocivos para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores e o alcance da missão organizacional. A pesquisa objetivou evidenciar as representações estruturantes das vivências de bem-estar e mal-estar no trabalho por servidores de uma organização pública visando contribuir para o gerenciamento sustentável de QVT. Participaram da pesquisa 1.110 servidores de um órgão do poder executivo do Distrito Federal, no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados com base em duas questões abertas da parte qualitativa do Inventário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (IA_QVT) e foram analisados com o aplicativo IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados apontaram três núcleos temáticos estruturadores do discurso para bem-estar no trabalho (relacionamento com colegas, fazer trabalho que gosta e sentir-se útil à sociedade) e mal-estar no trabalho (sobrecarga de trabalho, falta de reconhecimento e pressão temporal e retrabalho). A gestão sustentável de QVT, portanto, deve estar ancorada em práticas de gestão de pessoas que fomentem o investimento no desenvolvimento dos profissionais, o alinhamento das tarefas e papéis com a missão organizacional, evidenciando a conexão com as contribuições sociais, o reconhecimento do trabalhador por superiores, pares e sociedade, a revisão da organização do trabalho, com foco na reavaliação de processos de trabalho, distribuição de demandas e formas de pactuação e cobrança de resultados.

15.
Interdisciplinaria ; 39(1): 27-40, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360478

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los familiares de personas con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se enfrentan a una variedad de situaciones estresantes como consecuencia del desempeño de su rol de cuidadores. Esto puede tener un impacto negativo en su calidad de vida. Un mayor conocimiento de la relación entre las variables evaluadas en los cuidadores puede ser importante de cara a implementar programas de intervención eficaces. El objetivo fue explorar la personalidad y las estrategias de afrontamiento en familiares cuidadores de personas con EP, estudiando su relación con el malestar psicológico y el grado de implicación en los cuidados. Se trabajó con una muestra de 106 cuidadores que completaron los cuestionarios de personalidad NEO-FFI, estrategias de afrontamiento COPE-28, malestar psicológico CORE-OM y un instrumento para evaluar la implicación del cuidador realizado a partir del índice Katz. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que las personas con puntuaciones por encima de la media en neuroticismo y por debajo en el resto de factores de personalidad y estrategias de afrontamiento tenían más riesgo de padecer malestar psicológico (OR = 9.250; p < .001) y una menor implicación en los cuidados (OR = 4.125; p < .001). Estos resultados sugieren que la personalidad y las estrategias de afrontamiento pueden contribuir a identificar estilos para los cuidados más eficientes, que impliquen una mayor participación en los cuidados con un menor impacto negativo.


Abstract Carers of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience stressful situations as a result of performing their role as caregivers. This can have a negative outcome on their quality of life. A greater understanding of the relationship between the variables assessed in caregivers can be important in implementing effective intervention programs. The aim of this study was to explore the personality and coping strategies used by family caregivers of people with PD, analyzing their relationship with psychological distress and the carer involvement. A cross-sectional study based on a sample of 106 caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease tested the hypothesis that personality and coping strategies can contribute to identifying differences in carer involvement and psychological distress. Caregiver psychological distress was assessed using the CORE-OM questionnaire. The CORE-OM is able to distinguish the population within the clinical and non-clinical range. NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to assess personality. Coping strategies were evaluated with the COPE-28 inventory. An operational measure of the carer involvement was also used. For this purpose, an adaptation of the Katz index assessing basic functional capacity was made. Results: First, all cases were clustered according to personality variables and coping strategies. A K-means cluster analysis was performed and two groups were requested. After this, binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis. The resulting clusters in the above analysis were selected as predictors. Two analyses were performed. In the first, the dependent variable in logistic regression analysis was the psychological distress of the caregivers (dichotomized variable: clinical and non-clinical). Results showed that people clustered within cluster 1 had a 9.250 times higher risk of psychological distress than those included in cluster 2 (OR = 9.250; p < .001). In a second logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was participation in care (dichotomized variable: low - high carer involvement). The group of people belonging to cluster 1 showed a carer involvement 4.125 times lower than the people grouped in cluster 2 (OR = 4.125; p < .001). The results of this research suggest the existence of a relationship between psychological variables and carer involvement, showing two different styles of care, which are described based on the personality and coping strategies of the family caregivers. In addition, we found that these styles of care show clear differences in efficiency, reflected in greater carer involvement and a lower psychological distress. The results reported that the cluster of people with below-average scores on neuroticism and above-average scores on the other personality factors (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and coping strategies (planning; active coping; emotional support; social support; positive re-evaluation and acceptance) were associated with increased carer involvement and reduced risk of psychological distress. It has already been suggested that high scores in neuroticism may affect the need to take on a large number of care-related tasks or manage stressful situations in people with PD (Tew et al., 2013). However, our results indicate that the definition of different types of caregivers, where other care-related variables are also included, can help define more efficient styles of care. This is associated with increased carer involvement and minor psychological distress. We propose that in the future these variables be investigated in order to know the outcome of carer involvement and psychological distress, contributing to the description of more efficient care styles in family caregivers.

16.
Suma psicol ; 29(1): 59-68, jan.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395168

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: el presente estudio analiza el estrés percibido, las estrategias de afrontamiento, su regulación emocional, impacto y malestar psicológico, durante la cuarentena por la pandemia de COVID-19 en la población colombiana. Método: muestra no probabilística de 356 adultos que respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados: se encontraron puntuaciones medias y altas en estrategias de afrontamiento y regulación emocional activas y puntuaciones bajas en estrés, malestar psicológico e impacto de la cuarentena. El 38.76 % presentó puntuaciones que indican riesgo de trastorno por estrés postraumático. Las mujeres, los menores de 35 años, los bachilleres, los estudiantes y las personas que viven solas presentan mayores afectaciones. Se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas de estrés con todas las variables, excepto con apoyo social y convivientes durante la cuarentena. Por último, se encontró asociación positiva del estrés con desahogo, supresión expresiva, impacto de la cuarentena y malestar psicológico; y asociación negativa con planificación, aceptación, revaluación cognitiva y edad mayor de 25 años. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen a comprender las respuestas ante la cuarentena e identificar factores de vulnerabilidad para diseñar programas de prevención e intervención.


Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the perceived stress, coping strategies, emotional regulation, impact of the event, and psychological distress during quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic in the Colombian population. Method: Non-probabilistic sample made up of 356 adults who answered an online questionnaire. Results: It was found medium and high scores in active coping strategies and emotional regulation, and low scores in stress, psychological distress and impact of quarantine. The 38.76 % presented scores that indicate risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. Women, people under 35 years of age, high school graduates, students, and living alone during the quarantine showed higher affectation. Statistically significant correlations of stress with all variables except with social support and cohabitants during quarantine were found. Finally, it was found a positive association of stress with venting, expressive suppression, the impact of quarantine, and psychological distress, and negative association with planning, acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and age over 25 years. Conclusions: These results contribute to understanding responses to quarantine and to identify vulnerability factors to design prevention and intervention programs.

17.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 12(1): 5-18, ene.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429541

ABSTRACT

Resumen En la actualidad el sistema de salud se ve afectado por cargas excesivas de trabajo que conllevan el desarrollo de estrés y ansiedad durante la actividad laboral en sus trabajadores. En distintos hospitales de México la prevalencia del estrés laboral va del 22 a 63%, encabezando la lista médicos residentes y enfermeras. Con el objetivo de probar la efectividad del programa "Renaciendo" basado en Terapia Narrativa para la mejora de la satisfacción personal y laboral de enfermeras, se realizó una investigación cuasiexperimental, preprueba-posprueba, teórico-práctica con temporalidad transversal. Se trabajó con grupos intactos, uno de enfermeras profesionales y otro de estudiantes de enfermería realizando su estancia profesional en hospitales. Los resultados confirman la efectividad del programa para la mejora de la eficacia personal y la reducción de síntomas de agotamiento, depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Con puntuaciones más altas en todas las variables, las enfermeras profesionales tuvieron una reducción significativa solamente en estrés y ansiedad, en tanto que las estudiantes de enfermería disminuyeron significativamente el estrés y la depresión y aumentaron su eficacia personal. Programas de intervención sistémico-narrativos son necesarios ya que permiten mejorar la eficacia personal, así como prevenir y disminuir el agotamiento laboral y los estados emocionales displacenteros asociados que afectan personal de enfermería. Las limitaciones de tiempo y alcance son temas prioritarios en el desarrollo de este tipo de intervenciones.


Abstract Currently the health system is affected by excessive workloads, this encourages the development of stress and anxiety during work activity in its workers. In different hospitals in Mexico the prevalence of work stress ranges from 22 to 63%, leading the list of resident doctors and nurses. With the objective to prove the efficacy of the intervention program "Reborn" based on Narrative Therapy for the improvement of personal and job satisfaction of nurses, a quasi-experimental research was conducted, with pre and post-test, theoretical-practical nature with transverse temporality. We worked with intact groups, one group of professional nurses and the other of nursing students completing their professional internship in hospitals. The results confirm the effectiveness of the program for the improvement of personal efficacy and the reduction of symptoms of emotional exhaustion, depression, anxiety and stress. The highest scores initially shown in professional nurses, exposed a significant reduction in stress and anxiety, while nursing students significantly reduced stress and depression and increased personal efficacy. Systemic-narrative intervention programs are necessary since they allow improving personal efficacy as well as preventing and reducing job exhaustion and the associated unpleasant emotional states that affect nursing staff. Time and scope limitations are priority issues in the development of this type of interventions.

18.
Más Vita ; 4(1): 31-40, mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1372052

ABSTRACT

La voz es un elemento particular de los primeros años de vida en el sujeto debido a que es una de las formas de manifestar su necesidad, un deseo, u otro, por lo cual se adopta como una herramienta que se vincula a los procesos anímicos; puede ser una forma de ver síntomas o malestares que el paciente no quiere ni confesarse, ni confesar en una consulta. Objetivo: Comprender la manifestación del malestar a través de la voz del sujeto y la forma subjetiva del saber hacer con el conflicto, que apertura la importancia de la voz en el proceso psicoterapéutico. Materiales y métodos: Se enmarcó en un paradigma fenomenológico, es una investigación de campo con enfoque cualitativo mediante un estudio de caso. Resultados: A partir de este estudio se pudo determinar que el malestar incide en la voz del sujeto cuando no puede ser expresado con anterioridad, por tanto, la voz es una forma de expresión inconsciente que en ocasiones no es percibida por el sujeto que manifiesta un malestar. Conclusiones: El fenómeno de la voz está presente en los sujetos que formaron parte de esta investigación, pero cada uno de ellos lo formula de manera distinta, haciendo del malestar un saber hacer individual; por medio de la voz se manifiestan los silencios, el grito, el llanto y variadas formas orales que indican que hay asuntos pendientes, reflejando el conflicto que tiene el individuo con lo que está refiriendo, así deja huellas fonéticas en todo lo que nos relata(AU)


The voice is a particular element of the first years of life in the subject due to which is one of the ways to express their need, a desire, or another, for which it is adopted as a tool that is linked to psychic processes; it may be a way of seeing symptoms or discomforts that the patient does not want to confess or confess in a consultation. Objective:Understand the manifestation of discomfort through the voice of the subject and the subjective form of knowing how to deal with conflict, which opens up the importance of the voice in the psychotherapeutic process. Materials and methods:It was framed in a phenomenological paradigm, it is an investigation of field with a qualitative approach through a case study. Results:From this study it was possible to determine that discomfort affects the voice of the subject when it cannot be expressed with previously, therefore, the voice is a form of unconscious expression that sometimes is not perceived by the subject who manifests discomfort. Conclusions:The phenomenon of the voice is present in the subjects who were part of this investigation, but each one of them formulates it in a different way, making discomfort an individual know-how; through the voice silences, screaming, crying and various oral forms that indicate thatthere are issues pending, reflecting the conflict that the individual has with what he is referring to, thus leaving traces phonetics in everything he tells us(AU)


Subject(s)
Regression, Psychology , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Physicians' Offices , Affect , Emotional Adjustment , Psychology, Clinical , Signs and Symptoms , Voice , Phonetics
19.
Estilos clín ; 27(2)2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1436506

ABSTRACT

Este artigo realiza uma investigação acerca das manifestações de mal-estar e das facetas do adoecimento psíquico dos sujeitos no cenário atual. Na contemporaneidade, o processo cultural evidencia o desafio em abordar as formas de subjetivação diante da relação inescapável entre sujeito e discurso civilizatório. Assim, este estudo pretende, primeiramente, localizar possíveis diretrizes psicanalíticas para suspender os impasses clínicos que surgem diante do sujeito, uma vez que este está à mercê e atravessado pela linguagem. Por fim, com alicerce dos fundamentos psicanalíticos, constata-se que as ideias de Freud e Lacan ainda permitem importantes articulações entre a teoria do inconsciente e o fazer clínico


Este artículo investiga las manifestaciones del malestar y las facetas de la enfermedad psicológica de los sujetos en el escenario actual. En el mundo contemporáneo, el proceso cultural ressalta el desafío de abordar formas de subjetivación ante la ineludible relación entre sujeto y discurso civilizador. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo, en primer lugar, ubicar posibles pautas psicoanalíticas para suspender los impasses clínicos que se presentan ante el sujeto, ya que está a merced y atravesado por el lenguaje. Finalmente, partiendo de los fundamentos psicoanalíticos, parece que las ideas de Freud y Lacan aún permiten importantes articulaciones entre la teoría del inconsciente y la práctica clínica


This article investigates the manifestations of malaise and the facets of the subjects' psychological illness in the current scenario. In the contemporary world, the cultural process highlights the challenge of addressing forms of subjectivation in view of the inescapable relationship between subject and civilizing discourse. Thus, this study aims, first, to locate possible psychoanalytic guidelines to suspend the clinical impasses that arise before the subject, since he is at the mercy and crossed by language. Finally, based on the psychoanalytical foundations, it appears that the ideas of Freud and Lacan still allow important articulations between the theory of the unconscious and the clinical practice


Cet article explore les manifestations du malaise et les facettes de la maladie psychologique des sujets dans le scénario actuel. Dans le monde contemporain, le processus culturel met en évidence le défi de traiter les formes de subjectivation au regard de la relation incontournable entre sujet et discours civilisateur. Ainsi, cette étude vise, dans un premier temps, à repérer d'éventuelles lignes directrices psychanalytiques pour suspendre les impasses cliniques qui surgissent devant le sujet, puisqu'il est à la merci et traversé par le langage. Enfin, à partir des fondements psychanalytiques, il apparaît que les idées de Freud et de Lacan permettent encoredes articulations importantes entre la théorie de l'inconscient et la pratique clinique


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Unconscious, Psychology , Psychological Distress , Psychological Well-Being , Social Alienation , Culture
20.
Vínculo ; 18(2): 1-6, jul.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1341802

ABSTRACT

Muitos são os problemas orgânicos ou psíquicos que surgem em indivíduos obesos. Diante desse mal-estar gerado pela obesidade, as angústias são relatadas com frequência por pacientes em discursos que giram em torno da alimentação e do corpo, carregados de frustrações que remetem a dietas fracassadas para dar conta da supervalorização de um corpo ideal na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse sentido, foi percebido nos relatos clínicos uma repetição, um ciclo vicioso que os pacientes têm dificuldade de interromper. Grande parte desses sujeitos relataram, nos atendimentos em grupo e individuais, que têm a comida como substituto de "algo", de um "vazio" que precisa ser preenchido, pois comem mesmo sem estarem com fome e com uma sensação de perda do controle sobre o ato. Por essa razão, após esse comportamento repetitivo, têm sentimentos de raiva, vergonha e culpa. Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar o mal-estar observado nas pessoas obesas atendidas individualmente na clínica particular e na instituição privada, bem como nos atendimentos realizados em grupo. Busca-se conhecimentos acerca da angústia em relação ao corpo obeso, com vistas a fomentar discussões embasadas pela orientação psicanalítica, utilizando durante os atendimentos a metodologia freudiana e a balintiana no atendimento de grupo.


Many are the organic or psychic problems that arise in obese individuals. Faced with this discomfort generated by obesity, anxieties are frequently reported by patients in discourses that revolve around diet and the body, loaded with frustrations that refer to failed diets to cope with the overvaluation of an ideal body in contemporary society. In this sense, it was perceived in clinical reports a repetition, a vicious cycle that patients have difficulty interrupting. Most of these subjects reported, in group and individual care, that they have food as a substitute for "something", a "void" that needs to be filled, because they eat even without being hungry and with a sense of loss of control over the act. For this reason, after this repetitive behavior, they have feelings of anger, shame and guilt. This article aims to investigate the discomfort observed in obese people treated individually in the private clinic and private institution, as well as in group care. Knowledge about anguish in relation to the obese body is sought, in order to foster discussions based on psychoanalytic orientation, using the Freudian and Balintian methodology during group care


Muchos son los problemas orgánicos o psíquicos que surgen en personas obesas. Frente a este malestar generado por la obesidad, los pacientes informan con frecuencia ansiedades en discursos que giran en torno a la dieta y el cuerpo, cargados de frustraciones que conducen a dietas fallidas para hacer frente a la sobrevaloración de un cuerpo ideal en la sociedad contemporánea. En este sentido, se percibió en los informes clínicos una repetición, un círculo vicioso que los pacientes tienen dificultades para interrumpir. La mayoría de estos sujetos informaron, en atención grupal e individual, que tienen comida como un sustituto de "algo", un "vacío" que necesita ser llenado, porque comen incluso sin tener hambre y con una sensación de pérdida de control sobre el acto Por esta razón, después de este comportamiento repetitivo, tienen sentimientos de ira, vergüenza y culpa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar las molestias observadas en personas obesas tratadas individualmente en la clínica privada y la institución privada, así como en la atención grupal. Buscamos conocimiento sobre la angustia con respecto al cuerpo obeso, para fomentar discusiones basadas en la orientación psicoanalítica, utilizando durante la metodología freudiana y balintiana en la atención grupal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Bulimia , Hunger , Diet , Emotions , Binge-Eating Disorder , Body Dissatisfaction , Obesity
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