Endothelial Progenitor Cells Correlated with Oxidative Stress after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

PURPOSE: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration. Previous studies have shown that infusion of human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells improves outcomes in mice subjected to experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the efficiency of cell transplantation is not satisfactory. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the survival of transplanted cells following ischemic reperfusion injury. This observational clinical study investigated the correlation between the number of circulating EPCs and plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 20 patients with mild TBI at day-1, day-2, day-3, day-4, and day-7 post TBI. The number of circulating EPCs and the plasma levels of SOD and MDA were measured. RESULTS: The average of circulating EPCs in TBI patients decreased initially, but increased thereafter, compared with healthy controls. Plasma levels of SOD in TBI patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls at day-4 post-TBI. MDA levels showed no difference between the two groups. Furthermore, when assessed on day-7 post-TBI, the circulating EPC number were correlated with the plasma levels of SOD and MDA. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the number of circulating EPCs is weakly to moderately correlated with plasma levels of SOD and MDA at day-7 post-TBI, which may offer a novel antioxidant strategy for EPCs transplantation after TBI.

Effects of safflower injection on serum superoxide dismntase and malonyldialdehyde with sudden deafness / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the treatment mechanism of safflower injection on sudden deafness through the changes of the hearing threshold, serum superoxide dismntase (SOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) before and after treatment. Methods 40 cases of sudden deafness were divided into two groups: groupⅠ(group with safflower) and groupⅡ (group without safflower). The concentrations of serum MDA and SOD and hearing threshold were detected before and after treatment. 25 cases of normal hearing as the control group. Results (1) The total efficiency in the group Ⅰwas higher than the group Ⅱ (P0.05). Conclusion Safflower injection could scavenge oxygen free radical and improve the quality of hearing recovery.

Role of free radical scavengers in oral malignancies treated with radiotherapy.

Background: Radiotherapy has an important role in treatment of oral cancer, but it causes some deleterious effect on healthy cells. Radiation produces free radicals which cause lipo-peroxidation, alteration of protein, and DNA damage, and eventually cell death. This study is designed to evaluate protective role of antioxidants in oral malignancies treated with radiotherapy. Methods: This study is conducted in patients of oral cancer treated with radiotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups, control (n=7) and test (n=9). Patients in control group treated with radiotherapy alone and in test group were supplemented with oral antioxidants throughout the radiotherapy course. Pre and post radiotherapy levels of MDA, SOD and Glutathione reductase were measured in blood and cancerous tissue in both groups and statistically compared. TNM staging before and after radiotherapy and side effects of radiotherapy were also compared in both groups. Results: On statistical comparison of mean difference values of MDA, SOD & GR of control v/s test group, it was noticed that there was a significant reduction in MDA (p<0.05) and significant increase in GR levels (p<0.05) but non significant increase in SOD levels (p>0.05) in test group in comparison to control group for both blood and tissue levels. TNM status of patients improved significantly after radiotherapy in test group. Comparison of side effects between both groups indicated that there was reduction in side effects in test group after radiotherapy. Conclusion: These findings indicated the protective role of antioxidants against free radicals produced in oral malignancies treated with radiotherapy.

Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Aims: The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains elusive, but oxidative stress has been suggested to play a pathological role. The understanding of the potential role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of autism would be very useful for earlier clinical, therapeutic or preventive strategies. Sample: To evaluate the redox status, we quantified the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), glutathione concentration (GSH) and markers of damage to biomolecules, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and 8–hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in peripheral blood samples. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Neuropediatrics and Technology Science Division. International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana, Cuba. May 2011- June 2012. Methodology: We included 45 children with autism (36 males and 9 females, age-range from 3 to 11 years). 42 children of the same age were selected as a control group. The diagnosis of autism was made based on the criteria of autistic disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Results: The total GSH content in autistic patients was significantly lower compared with the control group (0.24 ± 0.162 vs. 0.94 ± 0.115, respectively, p ≤ 0.001). Higher serum CAT, MDA and 8OHdG levels were found in children with autism compared with controls (CAT, 2.836 ± 0.479 vs. 0.689 ± 0.157, p ≤ 0.001; MDA 8.6 ± 0.5 vs. 1.76 ± 0.33 p ≤ 0.001, and 8OHdG 13.134 ± 1.33 vs.1.46 ± 0.326, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The present study supports the notion that oxidative stress is associated with autism, but additional researches are needed to investigate how it may contribute to autistic pathophysiology and these studies are currently in progress.

Desbalance redox en pacientes quemados mayores

Introducción: acorde con las investigaciones actuales con respecto al paciente con quemaduras, resulta de gran interés poder evaluar las alteraciones del estrés oxidativo en estos para buscar su vínculo con la fisiopatología de esta entidad nosológica y su posibilidad de establecer pronósticos de vida. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de marcadores prooxidantes y antioxidantes de pacientes quemados mayores, e identificar la posible relación entre los valores de estos marcadores con el grupo en que se ubican los pacientes, dentro de la clasificación cubana de pronósticos de vida. Métodos: en una muestra de 15 pacientes, con quemaduras, distribuidos en: 6 graves, 6 muy graves y 3 críticos extremos, según la clasificación cubana de pronósticos de vida, se determinaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de malonildialdehído, superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y peroxidación lipídica, en las primeras 24 h, al sexto día y a los 21 días de recibida la lesión. Los datos se procesaron con el programa STATISTICA 6.1 Resultados: los valores de los marcadores variaron de forma patológica, con un nivel significativo entre cada momento estudiado. El estrés oxidativo en estos pacientes se instauró en las primeras horas de recibido el trauma y su comportamiento no dependió de la gravedad de los pacientes según la clasificación cubana de pronósticos de vida Conclusiones: el desbalance oxidativo que se produce en el paciente quemado abarca desde la fase de shock hipovolémico hasta la adaptación según la clasificación fisiopatológica de Kirsbaum. La variación de los marcadores de estrés oxidativo, no se comporta de forma homogénea dentro de los grupos de estudio de la clasificación cubana de pronósticos de vida

Introduction: according to current researches regarding the burnt patient, it is interesting to assess the oxidative stress alterations in them to seek its link with the physiopathologic features of this nosologic entity and its possibility to establish life prognosis. Objective: to assess the behavior of pro-oxidative and oxidative markers of patients with severe burns and to identify the possible relationship among the values of these markers with the group where the patients are located within a Cuban classification of life prognosis. Methods: sample included 15 burnt patients, distributed in: six severe, six very severe and three critically severe, according the Cuban classification of life prognosis, determining the plasma concentrations of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide, dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation during the first twenty four hours, at sixth day and at twenty one days after lesion. Data were processed using the STATISTICA 6.1 program. Results: marker's values changed the pathological way, with a significant level between each study moment. The oxidative stress in these patients appeared during the first hours after trauma and its behavior not depended on severity of patients according to the Cuban classification of the life prognosis. Conclusions: the oxidative lack of balanced present in the burnt patient covers from the phase of hypovolemic shock up to the adaptation according the Kirsbaum physiopathologic classification. The variation of the oxidative stress markers not behaves in a homogenous way in the study groups of the Cuban classification of life prognosis

Retinal nitric oxide and malonyldialdehyde levels following photodynamic therapy.

Background: To determine the retinal nitric oxide (NO) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels following photodynamic therapy (PDT). Materials and Methods: Seven Dutch-belted rabbits received dextrose, while seven others received 2 mg/kg verteporfin infusion over a period of 15 minutes in a dim-lit room. Irradiation to a 1.5 mm diameter intact chorioretinal area in the right eye of verteporfin-infused rabbits, was started 5 minutes after the end of infusion. Three groups were control (dextrose infusion), infusion with verteporfin (left eyes were not irradiated), and irradiation after verteporfin injection (right eyes were irradiated). On the fifth day of the experiment, the eyes were enucleated. The retinas were subsequently frozen and homogenized. Nitrite, a stable end-product of NO and MDA, was measured using the spectrophotometer. Protein concentrations were measured by the Lowry method. Tissue NO and MDA levels were expressed as μmol/gprt and nmol/mgprt, respectively. Results: The mean retinal NO and MDA levels of the control, infusion, and irradiation groups were 24.67 ± 6.66, 0.11 ± 0.02; 45.90 ± 15.52, 0.21 ± 0.09; and 84.43 ± 14.96 μmol/gprt, 0.58 ± 0.14 nmol/mgprt, respectively. The mean retinal NO levels were significantly elevated in the infusion and irradiation groups compared with the control group (P:0.004; P:0.001). The mean retinal MDA levels were significantly elevated in the infusion and irradiation groups compared to the control one (P:0.026; P:0.001). Also the mean retinal NO and MDA levels in the irradiation group were found to be significantly higher than the infusion group (P:0.018; P:0.018). Conclusion: Not only PDT, but also verteporfin infusion alone resulted in NO and MDA level increments in the retina, which might be toxic.

Efectos del policosanol, el extracto de semillas de uva y su terapia combinada sobre marcadores oxidativos en ratas / Effect of polycosanol, a grape seed extract and its combined therapy on oxidation markers in rats

El policosanol, mezcla de alcoholes alifáticos primarios superiores obtenida de la cera de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum, L) y el extracto de semillas de uva (Vitis vinífera, L), producen efectos antioxidantes demostrados experimental y clínicamente. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en comparar los efectos del policosanol, el extracto de semilla de uva y su terapia combinada sobre marcadores oxidativos en plasma e hígado de ratas. Las ratas se distribuyeron en 4 grupos: un control y 3 tratados con policosanol, extracto de semilla de uva y su terapia combinada, respectivamente, todos a dosis de 25 mg/kg, durante 4 semanas. Las monoterapias redujeron significativamente las concentraciones plasmßticas de malondialdehído y de grupos carbonilos asociados a proteínas con respecto al control, lo que mostró similar eficacia. La terapia combinada redujo (p < 0,001) las concentraciones de malondialdehído màs efectivamente (p < 0,05) que cada una de las monoterapias, y también disminuyó (p < 0,01) las concentraciones de grupos carbonilos, pero no màs que las monoterapias. Cada monoterapia redujo las concentraciones de malondialdehído generadas por el sistema oxidante espontàneo en homogenato de hígado. El efecto de la terapia combinada fue mayor (p < 0,05) que el del extracto de semilla de uva, pero no que el del policosanol. En conclusión, las monoterapias orales con policosanol y extracto de semilla de uva, administradas durante 4 semanas, redujeron similarmente la peroxidación lipídica en plasma e hígado de ratas. La terapia combinada resultó más efectiva para inhibir la peroxidación lipídica en plasma que cada monoterapia por separado.

The Polycosanol, a mixture of superior primary aliphatic alcohols obteined from the sugarcane wax (Sacharum officinarum, L) and the grape seeds extract (Vitis vinífera, L) produces antioxidant effects experimentally and clinically demonstrated. The aim of present paper was to compare the effects of Polycosanol, the grape seed extract, and its combined therapy on oxidative markers in plasma and liver of rats. The rats were distributed into 4 groups: a control one and three treated with Polycosanol, grape seed extract and its combined therapy, respectively, using a 25 mg/kg dose over 4 weeks. The single-therapies significantly reduced the plasmatic concentrations of malonyldialdehyde and of proetin-associated carbonyl groups regarding the control, showing a similar efficacy. Combined therapy reduced in a more effective way (p < 0,001) the malonyldialdehyde concentrations of carbonyl groups, and also decreased (p < 0,01) the concentrations of carbonyl groups, but no more than the single-therapies. Each single-therapy reduced the malonyldialdehyde concentrations generated by spontaneous oxidant system in liver homogenate. The effect of combined therapy was higher (p < 0,05) than the grape seed extract, but no more than that of polycosanol. We concluded that oral single-therapies using polycosanol and grape seed extract, administered during 4 weeks, decreased in a similar way, the lipid peroxidation in plasma and liver of rats. Combined therapy was more effective to inhibits the lipid peroxidation in plasma than each single-therapy, separately.

Effects of Recombinant Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene on Oxidative Stress Levels in Human Endothelial Cells / 中华高血压杂志

Backgroup and objective Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the first known homologue of human ACE gene up till now,however,its regulatory role in oxidative stress remains unclear.Our aim is to in- vestigate the effects of recombinant ACE2 gene transfer on the expression of p22~(phox),a key subunit of NADPH oxi- dase,and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by angiotension(Ang) Ⅱ in cultured human endothelial cells. Methods A recombinant plasmid encompassing human ACE2 gene (pACE2) was constructed and transfected into these cells.The mRNA and protein levels of p22~(phox) in endothelial cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively.MDA contents were measured by thiobarbiturie acid colorimetrie method in cells. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of p22~(phox) were drastically enhanced after exposures of endothelial cells to Ang Ⅱ(100 nmol/L) and Ang Ⅳ(100 nmol/L),accompanied by an increase in MDA contents (n=6,P

Protective Effect of Hyperoxia Liquid on Multiple Organ Damage during Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Infants with Muggy Syndrome / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05).But after the treatment,there were significant increases in pa(O2),SaO2 and PCIS(Pa0.05).Conclusions Early application of hyperoxia liquid could decrease multiple organ anoxia and the damage of lipid peroxidation.It has obviously protective effects on multiple organ damage during ischemic reperfusion in infants with muggy syndrome.

Protective effect of hyperoxic solution on phosgene-induced lung injury / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the protective effect of a hyperoxic solution on phosgene-induced lung injury by observing the changes in W/D ratio, lung water (LW), and L/B, and MDA contents, GSH-PX activity, and protein contents in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Methods The rabbits were divided into normal control group, hyperoxic solution (HO) and balance salt(BS) groups.Group HO and Group BS inhaled phosgene, and hyperoxic solution was given intravenously in group HO, but BS was given in group BS. W/D, LW, L/B, and MDA contents,GSH-PX activity,protein contents in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. Results The MDA contents, W/D, LW and L/B were increased, and GSH-PX activity was decreased significantly in Group HO and Group BS compared with control group (P

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF SODIUM GLYCYRRHETINATE / 中国药理学通报

Glycyrrhetic acid is a hydrolytic product of .glycyrrhizin which comes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. This study showed that its sodium salt, sodium glycyrrhetinate ( SGA, 28mg/kg ip ) inhibited egg white or yeast-induced edema of rat hind paws; Meanwhile, SGA decreased prostaglandin E2 in inflammatory fluid. Malonyldialdehyde in mouse swelling paws stimulated by egg white was decreased by SGA and increased by arachidonic acid. The inhibitory action of SGA on production of malonyldialdehyde c.ould be entirely abolished by arachidonic acid,suggesting that phospholipase A2 bo inhibited by SGA. Also, SGA antagonized the contracting effect of inflammatory mediators such as histamine ( IC50 = 12 ,7mg/ L), 5 -hydroxytrypataminG (IC50=16.1 mg/L ) and SRS-A ( IC5O = 17.0mg/L)on isolated guinea-pig ileum. Because SGA inhibited cro-ton oil-induced ear-swelling of adrenalectomized mice, its anti-inflammatory action has no relationship with hypophysial-adrenocortial axis.

THF TOXICITY OF MALTOL AND ITS EFFECT ON ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF ERYTHROCYTES IN MICE / 中国药理学通报

According to our previous experimental results, maltol is a powerful antioxidant against autoxidation and oxidative stress of eryth-rocytes. In this report, the toxicity and antioxidative action of maltol in mice was investigated. The results indicated that maltol was not toxic in mice when fed in a dose of 50mg/kg?d-1 (body weight) for 1 month. The antioxidative enzymes ( SOD and Cat ) activities and GSH content of erythrocytes were significantly increased. In addition, the lifespan of houseflies fed with maltol was prolonged.