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OBJECTIVE： To screen the active component， target and pathway of couplet medicine of “Bupleuri Radix- Atractylodis macrocephalea Rhizoma”， and to comprehensively explore its potential mechanism. METHODS： Based on the method of network pharmacology， main active componets and potential targets of couplet medicine of “Bupleuri Radix-A. macrocephalea Rhizoma” were retrieved from TCMSP， DRAR-CPI， Genecards and OMIM database. The active component-potential target network and interaction network of potential targets were established by Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Five potential core targets were screened， and its affinity with active components were validated with molecule docking method. GO classified enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of potential targets were carried out to obtain key pathway so as to construct active component-potential target-key pathway network. RESULTS： Totally 17 active components and 47 active component-potential targets were obtained from couplet medicine of “Bupleuri Radix-A. macrocephalea Rhizoma”. Five core targets were obtained， including AKT1， PRKCA， PRKCE， HRas， and PIK3CA. Five signaling pathways were involved， including MAPK pathway， PI3K/AKT pathway， RAS pathway， Estrogen pathway， BMP pathway. CONCLUSIONS： The couplet medicine of “Bupleuri Radix-A. macrocephalea Rhizoma” not only act on multiple targets through multiple components for mammary hyperplasia， but also play a complex network regulation role through the interaction between potential targets.
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AIM:To determine the expression patterns of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling com-ponents in the mammary glands with hyperplasia(MGH)and the activation of this signaling pathway.METHODS: The female C57BL/C mice(8-weeks-old)were randomly divided into control group and hormone group with 15 mice in each group.The mice in control group were treated with PBS,while the mice in hormone group were intragastric administration with estradiol valerate(2.5 mg/kg)for 25 d,followed by progesterone(4 mg/kg)peritoneal injection for 5 d.At the end of treatments,the mammary glands were collected to determine the morphological changes, the mRNA expression of BMP signaling components and the phosphorylation level of Smad 1/5/9.RESULTS:In MGH,a part of BMP signaling pathway molecules were differentially expressed(P<0.05),including BMP ligands BMP2,4,5,6,7,9,13 and 14, BMP re-ceptor BMPR1A, and antagonists Chrdl1 and Twsg, whereas the expression levels of some molecules, such as BMP3, BMP12,BMPR1B,BMPR2,Chrd,Chrdl2 and Noggin, were not altered.The phosphorylation levels of Smad 1/5/9 was up-regulated in MGH(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: BMP signaling pathway is activated in MGH through the abnormal expression of its components.BMP signaling pathway may be a new target for MGH therapy.
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ABSTRACT: This manuscript described the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a rare case of mammary fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia in a 12-month-old Holstein heifer. A yellow, multilobulated, firm 20cm x 9cm x 6.5cm mass affecting the right quarters of the udder was observed. Total mastectomy was performed. Microscopic evaluation revealed severe hyperplasia of the mammary epithelium and numerous well-differentiated and mildly pleomorphic acini. Additionally, moderate proliferation of the fibrous connective tissue and the myoepithelial cells near the proliferating acini was evident. About 50% of the proliferating epithelial cells showed positive nuclear labeling for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and approximately one-third were positive for Ki-67. In addition, the myoepithelial cells exhibited diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity for p63. Based on the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of mammary fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia with probable influence of ovarian steroids was made.
RESUMO: Este artigo descreve os achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso raro de hiperplasia fibroadenomatoide mamária em uma novilha Holandesa de 12 meses. Observou-se uma massa amarelada, firme, multilobulada, medindo 20 x 9 x 6,5cm e afetando os quartos direitos do úbere. Mastectomia total foi realizada. Microscopicamente, notou-se hiperplasia acentuada do epitélio mamário e numerosos ácinos levemente pleomórficos e bem diferenciados. Proliferação moderada do tecido conjuntivo fibroso e das células mioepiteliais próximos aos ácinos proliferados era também evidente. Aproximadamente 50% das células epiteliais proliferadas mostraram marcação nuclear positiva para receptores de estrógeno e progesterona e cerca de um terço dessas células era positivo para Ki-67. Além disso, as células mioepiteliais exibiram reação nuclear e difusa para p63. Com base nos achados clínicos, morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos, firmou-se o diagnóstico de hiperplasia fibroadenomatoide mamária com provável influência de esteroides ovarianos.
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Objective: To study the curative effects of Rupixiao Grains on mammary hyperplasia rats and provide the bisis for the wider use. Methods: The model of mammary hyperplasia were established with estrogen and progestogen, the changes of nipple appearance and pathological tissue of mammary gland on morphologic change were observed. The E2, P and PRL of serum were determined. Results: The treatment groups of high and middle dose of Rupixiao Grains can siginifi cantly reduce the diameter and height of nipple in rat mammary gland hyperplasia models(P
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The purpose of study was to retrospectively assess the possibility of simultaneous breast reduction and tumor excision in women with benign tumor and mammary hyperplasia. Performance status of the patient, appropriate operation technique and postoperative results were analyzed. Evaluation was made regarding four patients who underwent simultaneous breast reduction and tumor excision with more than 6 months follow up. The types and locations of the tumor, corresponding operation technique, postoperative complication such as flap necrosis, subjective alteration in sensorium around the nipple-areolar complex and esthetic satisfaction were assessed. Preoperative radiologic examinations, histologic findings of the fine needle aspiration, and postoperative biopsy were equivalent. The histologic types revealed were tubular adenoma, leiomyoma and lipoma(2 cases). The tumor was each located in lower lateral quadrant, subpectoral, inframammary fold, and upper lateral quadrant of breast, respectively. Regarding the location of tumor and status of mammary hyperplasia, each breast reduction was done with superior, inferior and medial pedicle(2 cases). There were no postoperative complications and esthetic satisfaction rate was high in all patients. When accurate diagnosis based on preoperative radiologic and histologic evaluation and appropriate selection of operative technique were done, simultaneous breast reduction with excision of benign tumor showed satisfying outcome without postoperative complication even along with esthetic satisfaction.
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Female , Humans , Adenoma , Biopsy , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Breast , Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Hyperplasia , Leiomyoma , Mammaplasty , Necrosis , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the significance and methods of surgical treatment of mammary hyperplasia. Methods Patients with mammary hyperplasia were treated by different operative procedures,and cosmetic operations were performed synchronously on some selected patients. Results 523 cases were treated by surgery. All cases were diagnosed as mammary hyperplasia on the pathological examination and were in good condition postoperatively. The results of synchronous cosmetic operation were satisfactory . Conclusions The surgical treatment of mammary hyperplasia should be done if the efficacy was not satisfatory after the therapy combined traditional chinese medicine with western medicine . The operative indications must be defined carefully.
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Objective To observe the preventive and therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation on mammary hyperplasia in rats. Methods Rat models of experimental mammary hyperplasia were established by intramuscular injection of estrogen and a small quantity of progestin. Two weeks after modeling, the rats were treated with Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation. Before and after the treatment, mammary diameter of the second nipples were measured, serum concentrations of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) were determined by radioimmunoassay,pathological changes of mammary hyperplasia were examined under microscope,and the rate of mammary hyperplasia was measured. Results Chinese herbal medicine film markedly inhibited experimental mammary hyperplasia in rats,and the rate of mammary hyperplasia were 23.4 %in medicine film group and 20.9 %in medicine film µwave irradiation group respectively. Medicine film regulated the concentrations of estrogen and progestin,reduced the level of PRL and alleviated the pathological severity of mammary hyperplasia obviously. Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation have certain preventive and therapeutic effect on mammary hyperplasia in rats.
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Objective To explore the correlation between the TCM syndromes of mammary hyperplasia patients and their sex hormones,molybdenum target radiography image to establish the objective indexes for its syndrome differentiation.Methods According to the TCM syndrome differentiation,the 346 patients with mammary hyperplasia were diagnosed liver qi stagnation syndrome,phlegm and blood-stasis syndrome,and chong and ren dysfunction syndrome.Their pituitary gonad stimulating hormones,including estradiol(E2),progesterone(PP),testosterone(PT),prolactin releasing hormone(PRL),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and luteotropic hormone(LH) were measured during ovulatory period.At the same time,the molybdenum target radiography examination was given.Results The level of FSH,LH and E2 in mammary hyperplasia patients during ovulatory period was obviously lower,the level of PRL and PP was obviously higher,and the level of PT was not obviously changed.The comparison among groups showed that the level of FSH in chong and ren dysfunction patients was higher than that in liver qi stagnation patients,but the level of LH of the two was just opposite;the level of E2 was lower in an order of liver qi stagnation,phlegm and blood-stasis,and chong and ren dysfunction patients;the molybdenum target radiography image showed that there was mainly the lobular hyperplasia in liver qi stagnation and phlegm and blood-stasis patients and then the nodular type;but there was mainly nodular hyperplasia in chong and ren dysfunction patients and then the lobular type.Conclusion The pituitary gonad stimulating hormones of mammary hyperplasia patients were disordered in the duration of ovulatory period.The level of sex hormones and change of molybdenum target radiography image were different in different TCM syndromes and they can be used as one of the objective indices in TCM syndrome differentiation for diagnosis.
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Objective:To study the effect of different dosage of tamoxifen (TAM) on the morphological change of experimental mammary hyperplasia.Methods:The animal model of mammary hyperplasia of Wistar rats was induced with estradiol and progesterone. One hundred and eighty female Wistar rats were selected randomly into group A (control group ) , group B (model control group), group C (166.7 ?g dosage of TAM),group D(333?g dosage of TAM) ,group E(500?g dosage of TAM),and group F(667?g dosage of TAM) and fed for 2 months.Samples of breasts were collected and observed under light microscope and electronmicroscope.Results:For light microscope observation :there were obvious difference between premedication and postmedication in group E and F, respectively ( P 0. 05), implying that 500 ?g dosage and 667 ?g dosage of TAM had obvious inhibitory effect on mammary hyperplasia under light microscope.Conclusion:Through light microscope and electronmicroscope observation,TAM especially 500?g and 667?g dosage proves to have obvious inhibitory effect on mammary hyperplasia induced by estradiol and progesterone.