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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(10): 934-936, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527873

ABSTRACT

Abstract Frontal ataxia, originally described by Bruns, is characterized by the presence of signs of frontal lobe dysfunction, such as perseveration, paratonia, frontal release signs, cognitive changes, and urinary difficulty, associated with imbalance, slow gait, broad-based, the presence of postural instability and falls, retropulsion, and bradykinesia in the lower limbs. The goal of the present study is to recall the historical aspects of this condition, to draw attention to the importance of this clinical finding for the differential diagnosis of ataxias and to review the main semiological differences between primary ataxias (frontal, cerebellar, and sensory ataxia).


Resumo A ataxia frontal, originalmente descrita por Bruns, caracteriza-se pela presença de sinais de disfunção do lobo frontal, como perseveração, paratonia, sinais de liberação frontal, alterações cognitivas e dificuldade urinária, associados a desequilíbrio, marcha lenta, base ampla, presença de instabilidade postural e quedas, retropulsão e bradicinesia em membros inferiores. O objetivo do presente trabalho é recordar os aspectos históricos desta condição, ressaltar a importância deste achado clínico para o diagnóstico diferencial das ataxias e revisar as principais diferenças semiológicas entre as ataxias primárias (ataxia frontal, cerebelar e sensitiva).

2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(3): 170-176, Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888372

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To assess central auditory function in Friedreich's ataxia. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out. Thirty patients underwent the anamnesis, otorhinolaryngology examination, pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance measures and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) assessments. Results The observed alterations were: 43.3% in the pure tone audiometry, bilateral in 36.7%; 56.6% in the BAEP test, bilateral in 50%; and 46.6% in the acoustic immittance test. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the comparison between the tests performed. Conclusion In the audiological screening, there was a prevalence of the descending audiometric configuration at the frequency of 4kHz, and absence of the acoustic reflex at the same frequency. In the BAEP test, there was a prevalence of an increase of the latencies in waves I, III and V, and in the intervals of interpeaks I-III, I-V and III-V. In 13.3% of the patients, wave V was absent, and all waves were absent in 3.3% of patients.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a função auditiva central na ataxia de Friedreich (AFRD). Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de corte transversal. 30 pacientes realizaram anamnese, avaliações otorrinolaringológica, audiológica, imitanciométrica e do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE). Resultados As alterações observadas foram: 43,3% no exame audiométrico sendo 36,7% dos casos, bilateralmente; 56,6% na avaliação do PEATE com 50% dos casos, bilateralmente e 46,6% no exame imitanciométrico. Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) na comparação entre os exames realizados. Conclusão No exame audiológico, ocorreu uma preponderância maior da configuração audiométrica descendente a partir da freqüência de 4kHz e ausência do reflexo acústico na mesma frequência. No exame do PEATE, houve prevalência do aumento das latências nas ondas I, III e V, e nos intervalos dos interpicos I-III, I-V e III-V. Em 13,3% dos casos, a onda V estava ausente, e em 3,3% dos casos, todas as ondas estavam ausentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Friedreich Ataxia/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Hearing Loss, Central/physiopathology , Reference Values , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Auditory Pathways/physiopathology , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Friedreich Ataxia/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Hearing Loss, Central/etiology
3.
Medisan ; 20(12)dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-829191

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 23 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, neurológico y genético de ataxia espinocerebelosa de tipo 2, atendidos en la consulta de Neurogenética del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2015, a fin de obtener un grupo reducido de parámetros espaciotemporales de la marcha en dichos pacientes, mediante la técnica videográfica. También se incluyó una muestra de 35 individuos sanos mayores de 18 años, escogidos al azar. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre las variables cinemáticas extraídas de la evaluación de la marcha de sujetos enfermos y sanos. El método utilizado permitió determinar que el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad influye en la disminución de la velocidad de marcha y que aumenta el ancho de paso y las oscilaciones de la cadera


A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 23 patients with clinical, neurological and genetic diagnosis of type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia, assisted in the Neurogenetic Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from January, 2013 to December, 2015, in order to obtain a reduced group of gait spacetemporal parameters in these patients, by means of the videographic technique. A sample of 35 healthy individuals over 18 years chosen at random, was also included. Significant differences between the biomechanical phenomenum variables extracted from the evaluation of gait in sick and healthy people were observed. The method used allowed to determine that the course of the disease influences in the decrease of gait speed and increases the step width and the hip oscillations


Subject(s)
Spinocerebellar Ataxias , Gait Ataxia , Movement Disorders
4.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 11(4): 533-534, out.-dez. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699870

ABSTRACT

É relatado aqui o caso de uma mulher de 38 anos com AIDS que desenvolveu a síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia em um período diferente dos outros casos já relatados na literatura. A síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia já tinha sido relatada como manifestação inicial de AIDS, assim como no momento da soroconversão de HIV e na síndrome de reconstituição imune. Este caso é único, uma vez que a paciente tinha contagem elevada de CD4 e carga viral negativa no momento em que a síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia ocorreu.


We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with AIDS who developed opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome during a period different from other cases reported in literature. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome had already been reported as the initial neurological presentation of AIDS, as well as at the time of HIV-seroconversion and immune reconstitution syndrome. Our case is unique since the patient had an elevated CD4 count and negative viral load in the period when the opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome occurred.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Ataxia/chemically induced , HIV Infections/complications , Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome/chemically induced , Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced , Ataxia/pathology , Brain/pathology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/complications , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome/diagnosis , Parkinsonian Disorders/diagnosis , Viral Load
5.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 13(3): 243-247, set.-dez. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588508

ABSTRACT

A Ataxia de Friedreich é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva, de herança autossômica recessiva, que foi descrita pela primeira vez por Nicholaus Friedreich, em 1863. A mutação responsável por essa doença se encontra no cromossomo nove, onde ocorre uma expansão de trinucleotídios GAA. O gene afetado tem a função de codificar a proteína mitocondrial frataxina, que está envolvida no metabolismo do ferro. O principal sintoma é a ataxia (coordenação prejudicada), que, no início, é mais evidente nos membros inferiores e, posteriormente, atinge os membros superiores. Este estudo teve por objetivo relatar um caso de Ataxia de Friedreich, uma doença genética rara de caráter degenerativo que, ao contrário do prognóstico esperado, se manifestou mais tardiamente no indivíduo afetado. Este trabalho também descreve a evolução clínica, enfocando os sintomas e deficiências que o paciente apresentou antes e após o diagnóstico, bem como, discute as bases moleculares que podem ter contribuído para a manifestação tardia da doença, além dos tratamentos emergentes.


The Friedreich?s ataxia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, which was first described by Nicholaus Friedreich in 1863. The mutation responsible for this disease is located on chromosome nine, where there is a GAA trinucleotide expansion repeats. The affected gene function is to encode the mitochondrial protein frataxin, which is involved in the iron metabolism. The main symptom is ataxia (impaired coordination), which at first is more evident in the lower limbs and eventually reaches the upper limbs. This study aimed to report a case of Friedreich?s Ataxia, a rare genetic disease with degenerative characteristic that manifested itself later in the affected individual unlike the expected outcome. This paper also describes the clinical course, focusing on the symptoms and disabilities that the patient presented before and after diagnosis, and also discusses the molecular basis that may have contributed to the late-onset of the disease besides the emerging treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Friedreich Ataxia/classification , Friedreich Ataxia/complications , Iron/metabolism , Gait Ataxia
6.
Acta fisiátrica ; 16(3)set. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535381

ABSTRACT

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do uso do peso em membros inferiores durante a marcha, nos indivíduos com ataxia. Acredita-se que o peso em membros inferiores traz benefícios na qualidade da marcha nos pacientes atáxicos, alterando a programação motora e conexões neurais cerebelares que são possíveis de alterações na aprendizagem motora. Divididos aleatoriamente, 21 indivíduos em 2 grupos: com peso (GP n=10) e sem peso (SP n=11). Todos realizaram 20 sessões de fisioterapia, avaliados antes (primeira avaliação), depois do tratamento (segunda) e após 30 dias (terceira), através das escalas de Equilíbrio de Berg, Dynamic Gait Index, Equiscale, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale e Medida de Independência Funcional. Foi utilizada a análise ANOVA para medidas repetidas para comparar a evolução das variáveis ao longo do tempo, com nível de significância p ? 0.05. Os indivíduos do GP conseguiram melhores resultados após o tratamento quanto ao equilíbrio, coordenação e independência funcional comparados ao SP, sendo estatisticamente significantes. O GP conseguiu manter o ganho da primeira para a terceira avaliação demonstrada por quase todas as escalas, exceto a DGI. O estudo comprovou a efetividade do peso, melhorando o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, coordenação da marcha e independência funcional.


The object of this research was to evaluate the effect of ataxia sufferers using weights on the lower members while walking. It is believed that weights on lower members benefits the gait quality of ataxia patients, altering the motor programming and neural connections in the cerebellum that are alterable in motor learning. Twenty-one individuals were randomly divided into two groups: with weights (GP n=10) and without weights (SP n=11). Everyone did 20 sessions of physiotherapy and were evaluated before (first evaluation), after treatment (second evaluation), and after 30 days (third evaluation), by means of the Berg Balance, Dynamic Gait Index, Equiscale, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure. The ANOVA analysis was used for repeated measurements to compare the evolution of variables over time, with a significance level of p ? 0.05. After treatment and with statistical significance, the GP individuals managed better results with balance, coordination, and functional independence than those without weights. The GP group managed to maintain the benefit from the first through third evaluations on all scales except the DGI. The study proved the effectiveness of weights in improving the static and dynamic balance, the gait coordination, and functional independence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cerebellar Ataxia , Gait Ataxia , Gait Ataxia/rehabilitation , Postural Balance , Lower Extremity , Weight Lifting
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