ABSTRACT
Organ preservation fluid could mitigate cold ischemia injury and maintain normal function of the grafts. At present, how to reduce a series of injury caused by cold ischemia of donor liver and improve the preservation quality of grafts are the hot and challenging spots in this field. Currently, preservation fluid in clinical practice has not achieved ideal preservation effect, especially for the protection of marginal donor organs. In the context of severe donor shortage, the key solution is still to explore the optimal preservation protocol for donor liver to prevent grafts from cold ischemia injury. In this article, the mechanism of donor liver injury during cold ischemia, the classification and evolution of donor liver preservation fluid were summarized, the development direction and challenges of donor liver preservation fluid were discussed, aiming to provide novel ideas and references for the research and development of donor liver preservation fluid.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, organ transplantation has developed rapidly in China, whereas the proportion of supply and demand of organs for donation is severely unbalanced. To resolve the shortage of donor livers, repairing extended criteria donor liver and improving the quality of donor liver are critical research directions. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a category of stem cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential, which possess the functions of immunomodulation and tissue repair. The derivatives of MSC have the advantages of low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility, which have been widely applied in the treatment of multiple diseases. In this article, research progress on the role of MSC, exosomes and extracellular vesicles in alleviating liver steatosis, repairing ischemia-reperfusion injury and promoting the regeneration of small-for-size liver allograft was reviewed, and the feasibility and safety of MSC and the derivatives in repairing donor liver were summarized, aiming provide novel ideas for repairing marginal donor liver and enhancing the quality of liver allograft.
ABSTRACT
Common marginal donor liver mainly consists of fatty donor liver, elderly donor liver, small volume donor liver and liver graft from donation after cardiac death (DCD), etc. The application of marginal donor liver may resolve the severe shortage of donor liver to certain extent. Nevertheless, marginal donor liver yields a higher risk of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and causes more severe IRI than normal donor liver, which is a main cause for the failure of transplantation. In addition, oxidative stress is a major risk factor causing IRI of marginal donor liver. Therefore, how to mitigate oxidative stress and alleviate IRI of marginal donor liver has become a hot spot in clinical practice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress occurs throughout the whole process of IRI. In this article, the role of oxidative stress in IRI of marginal donor liver transplantation and the ROS-targeted prevention and treatment were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Liver transplantation is the only effective method to treat various end-stage liver diseases. The shortage of standard donor liver is the main factor limiting the development of liver transplantation, whereas the application of marginal donor liver has significantly expanded the source of donor liver. New technologies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), mechanical perfusion and hypothermia, can significantly improve the quality of marginal donor liver, which has good development prospects in organ function maintenance. This article reviews the common types of marginal donor liver and the application of related novel technologies in the maintenance of marginal donor liver function.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of marginal liver from elderly donors in liver transplantation. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the clinical data of 127 donors and recipients were retrospectively analyzed. According to the age of donors, 127 donors were divided into the elderly group (n=27) and control group (n=100). The recovery of liver function, the occurrence of postoperative complications and survival rate of the recipients after transplantation were statistically analyzed between two groups. Results The incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF) and initial poor graft function (IPGF) did not significantly differ between the elderly and control groups (both P > 0.05). Within postoperative 2 weeks, the average levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum total bilirubin (TB) of liver transplant recipients in the elderly group was not significantly different from those in the control group (both P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications in the postoperative elderly group compared with the control group (all P > 0.05). The 1-and 3-year survival rates of the recipients in the elderly group were 84% and 78% respectively, which did not significantly differ from 89% and 79% in the control group (both P > 0.05). Conclusions Strict and sufficient quality evaluation and functional maintenance should be done for elderly donor livers. It can achieve good transplantation results by intraoperative fine operation, reducing bleeding and trauma, shortening the time of cold ischemia and operation, strengthening postoperative monitoring and implementing enhanced recovery after surgery.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of application of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive donor liver in adult liver transplantation. Methods Clinical efficacy of 28 recipients with liver diseases induced by virus B hepatitis (hepatitis B) undergoing liver transplantation using HBsAg-positive donor liver from July 2012 to October 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical prognosis and postoperative complications of the recipients were summarized. The changing features of serum levels of HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was investigated. Results After liver transplantation, 28 recipients were orally administered with entecavir to prevent the recurrence of hepatitis B. During perioperative period, 2 recipients died from sepsis and acute heart failure. During postoperative follow-up, 2 cases died from the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). The remaining 24 patients were followed up for 12-26 months. Throughout the follow-up, 24 recipients were positive for serum HBsAg. After treatment, the titre of HBV DNA was significantly declined to <1×102 copies/mL at postoperative 12 months. No graft dysfunction induced by hepatitis B recurrence occurred in 24 recipients alive. Conclusions As a marginal donor liver, HBsAg-positive liver graft is safe for liver transplantation in the recipients with hepatitis B-related liver diseases. Postoperatively, anti-HBV treatment should be strengthened and intimate follow-up should be delivered.