Extraction of metabolites from Calendula officinalis and evaluation of their colorant and antibacterial capacity / Extracción de metabolitos a partir de Calendula officinalis y evaluación de su capacidad colorante y antibacterial

ABSTRACT In this work, different bioactive compounds were obtained by different extractions from Calendula officinalis. The effect of different extraction time and temperature on the quantity of bioactive compounds was investigated. The extracts were quantified by UV-visible spectrometric analysis. The effect of extraction technique on both the colorant power and antibacterial capacity of metabolites obtained was evaluated. Colorant power was evaluated by UV-visible spectrometric and dyeing ability in dairy product. Antibacterial activity of extracts was evaluated using Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by diffusion technique in well. Outstanding extraction results were obtained by ultrasound extraction technique performed during 2 hours, at 30 °C and ethanol 96% as solvent. The same treatment showed the best result in colorant power and dyeing ability. The extracts obtained by ultrasound had a slightly inhibitory effect of growth on E. coli in comparison with the other techniques. None of the extracts obtained from the different techniques reported a significant inhibition on the growth of S. typhimurium. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted extraction is considered as an alternative process for obtaining the bioactive compounds from C. officinalis with high concentration, colorant power and antibacterial activity.

RESUMEN En este trabajo, diferentes compuestos bioactivos fueron obtenidos a partir de extracciones de las flores de Caléndula officinalis. Se investigó el efecto que tiene el tiempo de extracción y la temperatura sobre la cantidad de compuestos bioactivos. Los extractos obtenidos fueron cuantificados mediante espectrofotometría UV-visible. Se evaluó el efecto de la técnica de extracción sobre el poder colorante y la capacidad antibacterial de los metabolitos obtenidos. El poder colorante se evaluó mediante espectrofotometría UV-visible y la capacidad de teñido se evaluó en un producto lácteo. La actividad antibacterial de los extractos fue evaluada usando Escherichia coli y Salmonella typhimurium mediante la técnica de difusión en pocillos. Se obtuvieron buenas cantidades de metabolitos evaluados mediante la técnica por ultrasonido realizada durante 2 horas, a 30 °C, con etanol a una concentración de 96%. El mismo tratamiento mostro los mejores resultados en cuanto al poder colorante y la capacidad de teñido en una matriz láctea. Los extractos obtenidos por ultrasonido tuvieron un ligero efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento sobre E. coli en comparación con las otras técnicas. Ninguno de los extractos obtenidos mediante las diferentes técnicas mostró una inhibición significativa en el crecimiento de S. typhimurium. Por lo tanto, la extracción asistida por ultrasonido se considera como un proceso alternativo para obtener los compuestos bioactivos de C. officinalis con alta concentración, poder colorante y actividad antibacteriana.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Properties of Herbal Medicaments on the Basis of Clinical and Haemato-biochemical Changes

The present study was conducted on 24 dogs irrespective of sex, breed and aged between 1year to 8 years with different types of wounds. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. Each group consisted of 6 dogs. The animals of group I were treated with povidone iodine (5.0%) and in group II, III, IV animals were treated with the herbal ointment which were prepared from hydroalcoholic extract of Marigold leaves, Guava leaves and 1:1 mixture of both extract for 7 consecutive days. Clinical and haematological parameters were recorded at different time intervals in all four groups. The study revealed better wound healing properties of the Ointment of 1:1 mixture of Marigold and Guava (10% w/w) leaves extract without any side effect as compared to povidone iodine 5%, ointment of Marigold leaves extract (10% w/w) and ointment of Guava leaves extract (10% w/w) on the basis of clinical and haematological parameters

Comparison of Wound Healing Properties of Herbal Ointments with Povidone iodine on Basis of Histological Changes

Present study was conducted on 24 dogs, aged between 1 to 8 years, irrespective of sex, breed. The animals were randomly divided in to four groups. In group I, animals were treated with standard dressing material Povidone iodine (5.0%). In animals of group II, III, IV herbal ointments (10% w/w) of hydroalcoholic extract of Marigold leaves, Guava leaves and mixture of both Marigold and Guava leaves extracts respectively were used for dressings of wounds for 7 consecutive days. In animals of group IV, marked re-epithelialization and moderate inflammatory cells, neovascularization and thicker but scattered collagen fibrils were seen on day 7 and mature collagen fibres were observed with least number of inflammatory cells on day 14 as compared to other three groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group IV (mixture of Marigold and Guava leaves hydroalcoholic extract) revealed better wound healing properties as compared to group I (Povidone iodine 5.0%), group II (Marigold leaves hydroalcoholic extract) and group III (Guava leaves hydroalcoholic extract).

A brief review on medicinal plant Tagetes erecta Linn.

Medicinal plants, its derivatives and characterized secondary metabolites are widely used for medicinal purposes, are becoming popular all over the world as a natural alternative to synthetically produced chemicals both in Traditional and Allopathic system of medicine. The beneficial effect of herbal medicine typically result from the combination of secondary metabolites produced in the herbs such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums etc. There is a need for the documentation of research work carried out on these herbs, hence forth timely review on the herb Tagetes erecta Linn. Methodology used in the review is based on the published original research articles through exhaustive search through scientific databases; Saudi Digital Library, Pubmed, and Science Direct etc. Reviewed parameters are ethonomedicinal uses chemical constituents and pharmacological and non Pharmacological studies on medicinal plant Tagetes erecta Linn.

Role of secondary metabolites of wild marigold in suppression of Johnson grass and Sun spurge

To analyze the wild marigold [(Tagetes minuta L.) (T. minuta)] leaf extract with respect to phytochemicals and allelopathic activity. Methods: The aqueous extracts of T. minuta leaves at concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100%were prepared. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out and then allelopathic effect of T. minuta on root length, shoot length, germination, fresh and dry weight of Johnson grass and Sun spurge was tested on filter paper and in soil. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoides and terpenoids. The higher concentrations proved to be significantly effective in reducing almost all the parameters of Sun spurge and Johnson grass in filter paper bioassay. Supplemented with the soil, all concentrations of leaf extract showed reduction in germination, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight of Sun spurge; however, 100%concentration significantly reduced the germination of Johnson grass. Conclusions: This study suggests that marigold allelochemicals can be used as an integrated weed management for the production of better crop yield.

Role of secondary metabolites of wild marigold in suppression of Johnson grass and Sun spurge

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the wild marigold [(Tagetes minuta L.) (T. minuta)] leaf extract with respect to phytochemicals and allelopathic activity. METHODS: The aqueous extracts of T. minuta leaves at concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% were prepared. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out and then allelopathic effect of T. minuta on root length, shoot length, germination, fresh and dry weight of Johnson grass and Sun spurge was tested on filter paper and in soil. RESULTS: Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoides and terpenoids. The higher concentrations proved to be significantly effective in reducing almost all the parameters of Sun spurge and Johnson grass in filter paper bioassay. Supplemented with the soil, all concentrations of leaf extract showed reduction in germination, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight of Sun spurge; however, 100% concentration significantly reduced the germination of Johnson grass. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that marigold allelochemicals can be used as an integrated weed management for the production of better crop yield.

Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant and photo-protective capacity of Calendula officinalis L. leaves / Avaliação fitoquímica e capacidade antioxidante e fotoprotetora in vitro das folhas de Calendula officinalis L

ABSTRACT The plant Calendula officinalis L. is widely applied due to its medicinal properties, which are mainly dermatological and ornamental. The goal of this study is to assess the phytochemical components in a hydroethanolic extract (HECO) from the leaves of Calendula officinalis L. using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC), as well as to identify and quantify the components related to its antioxidant capacity employing high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity evaluation was performed using the DPPH method for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The photo-protective capacity was evaluated by UVspectrophotometry in order to determine the in vitro Sun Protection Factor(SPF). The results show the plant’s strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and hydroxyl methods), which we believe to be related to the presence of flavonoids (24.67 mg/g), polyphenols (33.90 mg/g), condensed tannins (27.30 mg/g), and the amount of rutin (37.25 mg/g), and quercetin (6.09 mg/g) found during the study. The HECO presented a good antioxidant capacity, most likely due to the polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in its contents. However, the obtained SPF of 1.89 ± 0.05 does not allow the plant to be classified as a stand-alone sunscreen, and more studies are needed in order to test its ability to enhance sunscreens in existing cosmetic formulations.

RESUMO A Calendula officinalis L. é uma planta amplamente utilizada por suas propriedades medicinais, principalmente dermatológica e ornamental. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar constituintes fitoquímicos do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas de Calêndula officinalis L. (HECO) por espectrofotometria UV-visível e cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD), bem como detectar e quantificar os componentes relacionados com a capacidade antioxidante por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Posteriormente, foi avaliada a capacidade antioxidante pelo método do DPPH, radicais superóxido e hidroxila. Além disso, a capacidade fotoprotetora foi avaliada através de espectrofotometria UV para determinação do Fator de Proteção Solar in vitro (FPS). Os resultados evidenciaram que a planta apresentou uma excelente atividade antioxidante para o método do DPPH e do radical hidroxila, o que pode estar relacionada com a presença de flavonoides (24,67 mg/g), polifenóis (33,90 mg/g) e taninos condensados (27,30 mg/g) e da quantidade de rutina (37,25 mg/g) e quercetina (6,09 mg/g) encontrados neste estudo. O HECO apresentou uma notável capacidade antioxidante, provavelmente devido à presença de polifenóis, flavonoides e taninos. O valor do FPS encontrado (1,89 ± 0,05), não classifica a planta como um protetor solar isolado. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para testar a capacidade de potencializar filtros solares em formulações cosméticas.

Callus culture development of two varieties of Tagetes erecta and carotenoid production

Background The properties of natural pigments, such as antioxidants, functional, medical, and nutraceutical, have demonstrated the advantages of these natural compounds over synthetic ones. Some products are accepted only when they are pigmented with natural, food-quality colorants: for example poultry products (manly marigold flower extracts). Carotenoids such as β-carotene, β-criptoxanthin and lutein are very attractive as natural food colorants due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin activities which provide additional value to the target products. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an Asteraceous ornamental plant native to Mexico, and it is also important as a carotenoid source for industrial and medicinal purposes but nowadays its production is destined mainly for ornamental purposes. Results Friable callus of T. erecta yellow flower (YF) and white flower (WF) varieties was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.0 µM 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.8 µM benzyladenine (BA). Calluses developed from both varieties were different in pigmentation. Extract characterization from callus cultures was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analytical process detected several carotenoids; the main pigments in extracts from YF callus were lutein and zeaxanthin, whereas in the extracts of the WF callus the main pigments were lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. Callus cultures of T. erecta accumulated pigments even after several rounds of subculture. Conclusions WF callus appeared to be a suitable candidate as a source of different carotenoids, and tested varieties could represent an alternative for further studies about in vitro pigment production.

Study on General Pharmacology of Marigold Lutein / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Marigold lutein on the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and the respiratory system of experimental animals. Methods The influence on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing flow and frequency in anesthetic dogs were observed after duodenum euonymus, and the impact on spontaneous activity, coordinated movement, and the sleep situation of threshold dose and sunthreshold dose pentobarbital sodium in mice were observed by intragastric administration of Marigold lutein. Results Marigold lutein had no side effects on breathing flow and frequency, blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram in anesthetic dog, and had no obvious influence on spontaneous activity and coordinated movement in mice. Marigold lutein did not evidently change the number and the time of sleeping in mice. Conclusion Marigold lutein has no evident effects on respiratory system, cardiovascular system and central nervous system of experimental animals.

Study on Antioxidative Dosage-effect Relationship of Marigold Lutein / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship of Marigold lutein, and provide experimental data for clinical use. Methods The mice were randomly divided into seven groups:blank control group, model control group, 1 mg/kg lutein group, 5 mg/kg lutein group, 25 mg/kg lutein group, 125 mg/kg lutein group and 625 mg/kg lutein group. The mice in blank control group were dealt with saline solution by intraperitoneal injection, the others were dealt with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for seven weeks to make oxidative damage model, meanwhile the mice were given corresponding dose of the drug. Subsequently, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were measured, and the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship was observed. Results The 1, 5, 25 mg/kg lutein reduced the MDA level and increased SOD activity, and the 125, 625 mg/kg dose of lutein did not show significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion Lutein has significant antioxidant activity in mouse dealt with D-galactose within the dose range of 1-25 mg/kg. The results suggest that the clinical dosage range of lutein should be kept within reasonable limits.

EDTA and citric acid mediated phytoextraction of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd through marigold (Tagetes erecta).

Phytoextraction is an emerging cost-effective solution for remediation of contaminated soils which involves the removal of toxins, especially heavy metals and metalloids, by the roots of the plants with subsequent transport to aerial plant organs. The aim of the present investigation is to study the effects of EDTA and citric acid on accumulation potential of marigold (Tagetes erecta) to Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd and also to evaluate the impacts of these chelators (EDTA and citric acid) in combination with all the four heavy metals on the growth of marigold. The plants were grown in pots and treated with Zn (7.3 mg l-1), Cu (7.5 mg l-1), Pb (3.7 mg l-1) and Cd (0.2 mg l-1) alone and in combination with different doses of EDTA i.e., 10, 20 and 30 mg l-1. All the three doses of EDTA i.e., 10, 20 and 30 mg l-1 significantly increased the accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd by roots, stems and leaves as compared to control treatments. The 30 mg l-1 concentration of citric acid showed reduced accumulation of these metals by root, stem and leaves as compared to lower doses i.e., 10 and 20 mg l-1. Among the four heavy metals, Zn accumulated in the great amount (526.34 mg kg-1 DW) followed by Cu (443.14 mg kg-1 DW), Pb (393.16 mg kg-1 DW) and Cd (333.62 mg kg-1 DW) in leaves with 30 mg l-1 EDTA treatment. The highest concentration of EDTA and citric acid (30 mg l-1) caused significant reduction in growth of marigold in terms of plant height, fresh weight of plant, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate content and protein content. Thus EDTA and citric acid efficiently increased the phytoextractability of marigold which can be used to remediate the soil contaminated with these metals.

Influência do substrato e do tamanho da célula de bandejas de poliestireno expandido no desenvolvimento de mudas e produção de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L. ) / Influence of substrate and cell size of expanded polystyrene tray on the development and production of marigold (Calendula officinalis L. ) seedlings

A calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) é uma planta medicinal anual de origem Mediterrânica que apresenta propriedades antiinflamatórias, antivirais, antigenotóxicas. A propagação desta planta normalmente é feita por sementes, sendo o uso de bandejas de poliestireno uma forma econômica de produção de mudas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a interferência de dois tamanhos de célula em bandeja de poliestireno expandido (40 cm³ e 12 cm³) e de dois substratos (solo + esterco bovino curtido e substrato comercial tipo Plantmax para hortaliças®) sobre a qualidade de mudas e a produção de calêndula. O delineamento estatístico nos dois experimentos foi em blocos casualizados, dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (dois substratos e dois tamanhos de células) com seis repetições. Os tratamentos, referentes aos tamanhos das células foram bandeja com 128 células (40 cm³ de volume) e, bandeja com 288 células (12 cm³ de volume). Os substratos utilizados foram solo de cerrado + esterco bovino curtido (1:1) e substrato comercial tipo "Plantmax para hortaliças®". Parte das mudas foi transplantada para avaliação da produção de capítulos. Houve diferenças significativas entre os substratos para as variáveis: matéria seca de parte aérea, matéria seca da raiz e matéria seca total. O uso do substrato formulado com solo de cerrado e esterco bovino proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de calêndula. Contudo, os diferentes tipos de substrato e bandejas de poliestireno não influenciaram significativamente a produção de capítulos das mudas transplantadas.

Marigold Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual medicinal plant of Mediterranean origin which presents anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antigenotoxic properties. This species normally propagates through seeds, and the use of polystyrene trays is an economic way to produce its seedlings. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of two cell sizes of expanded polystyrene trays (40 cm³ and 12 cm³) and two substrates (soil + cattle manure and Plantmax® commercial substrate for vegetables) on marigold production and seedling quality. Experimental design in both assays was in randomized blocks, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (two substrates and two cell sizes), with six replicates. Treatments regarding cell sizes were trays presenting 128 cells (40 cm³) and trays containing 288 cells (12 cm³). The used substrates were cerrado soil + cattle manure (1:1) and Plantmax® commercial substrate for vegetables. Part of the seedlings was transplanted to evaluate capitulum production. There were significant differences among substrates for total, root and shoot dry matter. The use of substrate containing cerrado soil and cattle manure led to the best development of marigold seedlings. However, the different types of substrates and polystyrene trays did not significantly influence capitulum production in transplanted seedlings.

Produção de biomassa de calendula officinalis l. adubada com fósforo e cama-de-frango / Biomass yield of Calendula officinalis L. fertilized with phosporus and chicken manure

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a influência do fósforo e da cama-de-frango semidecomposta na produção de capítulos florais da Calendula officinalis L. Os fatores em estudo foram cinco doses de fósforo (4,3; 25,8; 43,0; 60,2; 81,7 kg ha-1 de P2O5), na forma de superfosfato triplo e cinco doses de cama-de-frango semidecomposta (1.000; 6.000; 10.000; 14.000 e 19.000 kg ha-1). Para combinar o fósforo e a cama-de-frango, usou-se a matriz experimental Plan Puebla III resultando em nove tratamentos (25,8 e 6.000; 60,2 e 6.000; 25,8 e 14.000; 60,2 e 14.000; 43,0 e 10.000; 4,3 e 6.000; 81,7 e 14.000; 25,8 e 1.000; 60,2 e 19.000 kg ha-1 de P e cama-de-frango, respectivamente) no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A altura média final das plantas, aos 120 dias, ficou em torno de 60,0 cm, independente dos tratamentos. A produção máxima de capítulos florais da calêndula foi de 9.755,16 mil ha-1,obtida com o uso de 49,15 kg ha-1 de P2O5 associada a 13.401,10 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango. A maior produção (11.058,89 kg ha-1)de massa fresca de capítulos florais de calêndula foi obtida com 49,98 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 13.266,59 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango. As produções máximas de massas secas de capítulos florais (2.227,61 kg ha-1) foram obtidas com 39,62 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 8.109,75 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango. Concluiu-se que para se obter maior produção de massa seca de capítulos florais, componente de maior importância comercial, a calêndula deve ser cultivada utilizando adubação com HH 40 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e H" 8.000 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and semi-decomposed chicken manure on capitula yield of Calendula officinalis L. The studied factors were five doses of phosphorus (4.3, 25.8, 43.0, 60.2, and 81.7 kg ha-1 P2O5) in the triple super phosphate form and five doses of semi-decomposed chicken manure (1000, 6000, 10000, 14000, and 19000 kg ha-1). The Plan Puebla experimental matrix was used to combine phosphors and chicken manure, which resulted in nine treatments, viz. 25.8 + 6000, 60.2 + 6000, 25.8 + 14000, 60.2 + 14000, 43.0 + 10000, 4.3 + 6000, 81.7 + 14000, 25.8 + 1000, and 60.2 + 19000 (first figure representing kg ha-1P; second figure, kg ha-1chicken manure) in randomized block design with four replications. Final average heights of plants at 120 days were about 60.0 cm, independently of the treatments. Maximum yield of pot marigold capitula was 9755.16 x 10³ ha-1, which was obtained with the use of 49.15 kg ha-1 P2O5 associated to 13401.10 kg ha-1 chicken manure. The highest yield (11058.89 kg ha-1)of fresh biomass of pot marigold capitula was obtained with 49.98 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 13266.59 kg ha-1 chicken manure. Maximum yields of dried mass of capitula (2227.61 kg ha-1) were obtained with 39.62 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 8109.75 kg ha-1 chicken manure. It was concluded that to obtain the greatest dried mass yield of capitula, which constituent the most important commercial product of pot marigold, the plant must be cultivated using fertilization with H" 40 kg ha-1 P2O5 and H" 8000 kg ha-1 chicken manure.

Morfometria de fibroblastos e fibrócitos durante o processo cicatricial na pele de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco tratados com calêndula / Morphometry of fibroblasts and fibrocytes during wound healing in the skin of rabbits of the New Zeland White breed treated with marigold

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade cicatrizante da calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) sobre feridas cutâneas experimentais, em 15 coelhos, distribuídos em três grupos denominados: excipiente, calêndula e controle. Cada animal foi submetido à uma incisão cirúrgica de 6cm de comprimento, lateral à coluna vertebral e suturada no padrão U. Os produtos avaliados foram colocados sobre as incisões durante sete dias na quantidade de 0,1ml (loção cremosa não-iônica - grupo excipiente; tintura de calêndula a 5 por cento - grupo calêndula) e nos animais do grupo controle não se utilizou nenhum produto. A biópsia de pele foi realizada no 1º, 3º, 5º e 7º dia após a incisão cirúrgica para avaliação morfométrica do processo cicatricial, analisando-se o número de fibroblastos e fibrócitos. A morfometria foi realizada por meio de microscópio óptico adaptado a um sistema computadorizado de análise de imagens. De acordo com os resultados, a calêndula propiciou obtenção dos maiores valores médios das células envolvidas no processo cicatricial, os fibroblastos, deduzindo que a mesma, inferiu uma resposta mais satisfatória na cicatrização em relação aos demais tratamentos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the scarring capability of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) on experimental skin wounds in 15 rabbits, distributed in three groups: excipient, marigold and control. Each animal was subjected to a surgical incision measuring 6cm in length, laterally to the spinal column and sutured in U-shape. Products evaluated were placed on the incisions for 7 days, at a rate of 0.1ml (nonionic creamy lotion - excipient group; 5 percent marigold extract) and no treatment was provided to control animals. Skin biopsy was performed on 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after wounding, for morphometric and cicatricial process evaluations. The morphometry was performed with an optical microscope adapted to a computadorized picture analysis system. The results showed that marigold allowed the highest growth rate in cells directly involved in the cicatricial process, the fibroblasts and fibrocytes and can therefore be considered the most satisfactory on the wound healing in comparison to the other treatments.

Preparation of lutein from the extraction of Marigold flowers by biotransformation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study preparation of lutein from the extraction Marigold flowers by biotransformation.Methods Screen bacterium for lutein esters biotransforming by studying on the biotransformation of lutein esters by Penicillium on tabulate revulsive culture medium.Porule of and Aspergillus niger Penicillium could transform lutein esters into lutein,but biotransformation of Penicillium was better than Aspergillus niger.Porule of Pleurotus ostreatus could not grow on revulsive culture medium,but Pleurotus ostreatus could grow on the culture medium and transformed lutein esters into lutein.Research of shaking flash fermentation of Penicillium for trans-forming lutein esters.When pH is 6.0,quantity of incubation is 2 bacteria plugs and fermentation time is 12～24 hours,the transformation is completed and the content of lutein is 91.6%(HPLC)。Result Prolonging the transformation time will improve the percent of lutein but the content of lutein decreased.Conclusion Biological transrormation can be used from calendula officinacis extract preparation.