Dyadic adjustment and marital communication of persons with depression

Background: One of the most important relationships between a man and a woman is marriage. Marriage is a social union as well as a legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is a primary institution of society. Marriage involves an emotional and legal commitment that is quite important in any adult life and even same in the persons with depression. Faulty marital relationship not only affects the couples but it inflicts longitudinal negative impact upon the entire family system and individual members of families. Methodology: The present study aims to compare the pattern of dyadic adjustment and marital communication between married individuals with depression and married healthy controls. Cross-sectional study design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data for the study. The study group comprised of 30 married individuals with depression, whereas the other group consisted of 30 married healthy controls. Both the groups were examined on sociodemographic datasheet, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Marital Communication Inventory (MCI). Result: It was found that there were significant differences in the dyadic adjustment and marital communication of persons with depression compared to healthy controls, and there was no significant difference between males and females of depression patients in dyadic adjustment and marital communication. Conclusion: There is need to involve the spouse in the treatment process, and couple-based interventions will help for better marital adjustment and communication with depression patients compared to the healthy controls.

Depressão materna e ajustamento conjugal de mães jovens e sua relação com a sintomatologia psicofuncional do bebê / Maternal depression and marital adjustment of young mothers and its relationship with baby's psychofunctional symptoms

Este estudo investigou a depressão materna e a percepção de ajustamento conjugal de mães jovens, para compreender a sua repercussão sobre a sintomatologia psicofuncional do bebê. Trata-se de estudo de casos contrastantes, transversal, no qual foram entrevistadas duas mães (20 a 21 anos) porto-alegrenses, cujos bebês tinham 8 e 11 meses. Foram aplicados também o R-DAS, a EPDS e o Symptom Check List, para avaliar, respectivamente, ajustamento conjugal, depressão materna e sintomas psicofuncionais do bebê. Os dados foram integrados na análise dos casos. Os resultados apontam que a percepção de ajustamento conjugal ruim e a presença de depressão materna podem repercutir sobre a sintomatologia psicofuncional do bebê, por meio de um processo de spillover, isto é, transbordamento dos desajustes conjugais sobre a relação parental. Esses achados são relevantes para a prática clínica, na busca de intervenções psicológicas que promovam a saúde mental de casais e bebês.(AU)

This study investigated maternal depression and perception of marital adjustment of young mothers, to understand its impact on the baby's psychofunctional symptoms. It is a transversal contrasting cases study, in which two mothers (20 and 21years), whose babies were 8 and 11 months old, from Porto Alegre/RS, were interviewed. R-DAS, EPDS and Symptom Check List were also applied to evaluate, respectively, marital adjustment, maternal depression and baby's psychofunctional symptoms. Data were integrated in the case analysis. The results suggest that perception of poor marital adjustment and presence of maternal depression may contribute to baby's psychofunctional symptoms, through a spillover process, i.e., the overflow of marital maladjustment on parental relationship. These findings are relevant to clinical practice, in searching for psychological interventions that promote the mental health of couples and babies.(AU)

Impact of Academic Resilience on the Scholastic Performance of High School Students

Background and Objectives: The research aimed at studying Marital Adjustment and Marital Satisfactionin participants experiencing high workplace stress and low workplace stress residing in Mumbai. The samplesize consisted of 120 working females i.e. 60 participants experiencing high workplace stress and 60participants experiencing low workplace stress.Methods: The Convenience and Snowball non-probability sampling method was used to collect data inperson and online through google forms. The tools employed were Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) givenby Locke, H.J., Wallace, K.M. (1959), Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) given by Hendrick, S.S (1988)and Workplace Stress Scale (WSS) given by Harris Interactive, Marlin Company, North Haven and TheAmerican Institute of Stress (2006).Results: Descriptive statistics was used to calculate statistical properties and age of the participants. To findthe difference between two groups WSS (High and Low), independent t-test was used to find the significancelevel. The t value obtained for MAT was -.760 and RAS was -1.763 with degree of freedom 118. The resultsobtained were found to be insignificant.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the workplace stress category of females had no effect on maritaladjustment as well as on marital satisfaction. However, despite supporting past studies, it was found thatthere was no significant relationship between the levels of workplace stress and marital adjustment andmarital satisfaction.

Impact of Marital Adjustment on Mental Health of Working Women

Background: In India, marriage was once upon a time, considered a holy religious ceremony.Unfortunately, today, the institution of marriage is crumbling due to the adverse effects of globalization.Marriage as a major life-changing unit is definitely more challenging to women than men. The challengebecomes even more stressful for working women, who keep vacillating between their dual responsibilities.This paper focuses on the influence of Marital Adjustment on the Mental Health of working women inMumbai.Methods: 150 working women were selected by random sampling method from Mumbai across variousoccupations. The age range was from 26 to 35 years and the minimum educational qualification wasgraduation. The sample did not consider women who were divorced and also those who were widows.Results: The results obtained indicate that there is a significant relationship between Marital Adjustmentand Mental Health of women.Conclusion: Findings recommended that marital therapists should consider some effective strategies toresolve marital conflicts and thereby improve the mental health of women.

Ajustamento conjugal: a função das características individuais, do casal e do contexto / Marital Adjustment: the role of the characteristics of individuals, couple and context

A qualidade dos relacionamentos conjugais é circunscrita por diversos fatores. Este trabalho investigou como a idade, o nível de escolaridade, a orientação sexual, o status conjugal, o tempo de duração da relação, a presença ou não de filhos, a percepção da conjugalidade dos pais, o salário, a satisfação com o trabalho e a satisfação com a condição econômica se associavam ao ajustamento conjugal de 1350 participantes, de ambos os sexos, de diferentes regiões do país. Análises de variância (ANOVA) revelaram que a qualidade conjugal se associa a aspectos individuais, da dinâmica conjugal e vida laboral dos participantes. Indivíduos jovens, homossexuais, sem filhos, com percepção positiva da conjugalidade dos pais e que estavam satisfeitos com a condição financeira e de trabalho indicaram maiores níveis de ajustamento conjugal.

The quality of marital relationships is circumscribed by several factors. This study investigated how age, duration of relationship, salary, presence of children,perception of marital parents, sexual orientation, marital status, level of education, satisfaction with the economic status and satisfaction with the work were associated with the marital adjustment of 1350 participants, of both sexes, from different regions of the country. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that marital quality is associated with individual aspects, marital dynamic and working life. Young people, homosexuals, individuals without children, subjects with a positive perception of marital parents and people who were satisfied with financial condition and working indicated largest marital adjustment levels.

Qualidade, ajustamento e satisfação conjugal: revisão sistemática da literatura / Marital quality, marital adjustment and marital satisfaction: systematic review of literature

No cenário atual coexistem diversas formas de ser casal. Frente à complexidade dos elementos que circunscrevem a conjugalidade, torna-se importante investigar o que está associado ao ‘ser feliz a dois’. A fim de mapear o que vem sendo estudado como relevante na compreensão desse fenômeno, realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica sobre satisfação, ajustamento e qualidade conjugal. As bases de dados PsycINFO e BVS-Psi filtraram 99 artigos, entre 2008 a 2013. A revisão permitiu mapear uma pluralidade de temáticas pertinentes ao tema. O panorama revelou, principalmente, estudos dedicados a compreender as disfuncionalidades e conflitos da conjugalidade. Observou-se uma lacuna em pesquisas dedicadas a estudar possibilidades de otimização e potencialização da qualidade e da saúde conjugal, assim como estudos sobre a prática clínica que subsidiem as possibilidades de intervenções na conjugalidade. Estudos com a população brasileira são escassos, comparados à produção internacional.(AU)

In the present scenario coexist several ways to be couple. Front complexity of elements that circumscribe conjugality, it’s important to investigate what is associated with ‘be happy in a couple’. In order to map what is being studied as relevant to an understanding of this phenomenon, it was realized a systematic review of the scientific literature about satisfaction, adjustment and marital quality. The PsycINFO and BVS-Psi database filtered 99 articles between 2008 and 2013. The revision allowed mapping a plurality of themes associated with the topic. The landscape is mainly characterized by studies devoted to understanding the dysfunctions and marital conflicts. A gapin studies about possibilities of optimization and enhancement of the quality and marital health was observe and also was revealed the lack of empirical research on clinical practice in order to subsidize the possibilities of marital interventions. Studies of the brazilian population are scarce, compared to international production.(AU)

Comparative study of marital adjustment and life satisfaction among spouses of patients with alcohol dependence and normal healthy control: a case control study.

Background: Alcohol dependence is associated with domestic violence, which in turn aggravates the physical and emotional distress of the family. Alcohol dependence also leads to decrease in social support not just for the affected individual but for the family. Various studies revealed low level of life satisfaction and among the family members of patients with alcohol dependence. The aim of the study was to compare marital adjustment and life satisfaction among the spouses of patients with alcohol dependence with normal healthy control. Methods: It was cross sectional study conducted at Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi. Thirty patients with alcohol dependence syndrome with their spouses and 30 age and socio-economic status matched healthy control with their spouses were inducted in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Spouses of the two groups were compared for their life satisfaction and marital adjustment using life Satisfaction Scale and Marital Adjustment Questioner respectively. Results: There was significant difference in respect to life satisfaction among the spouses of individual with alcohol dependence syndrome and normal healthy control. Life satisfaction as well as marital adjustment was better in spouses of normal healthy control as compared to spouses of patients of alcohol dependence. Conclusions: There is significant difference in respect to life satisfaction among the spouses of individual with alcohol dependence syndrome and normal healthy control. Wives of normal healthy control had better marital adjustment as compared to spouses of alcohol dependence syndrome. There was positive co-relation between life satisfaction and marital adjustment.

Marital Adjustment in Patients of Depression Under Going Treatment at an Outpatient Clinic of Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Depression is projected to become the 2nd worldwide leading cause of disability by 2020. Marriage is one of the principal facets when it comes to interpersonal context of Depression. Th ere is evidence supporting bidirectional casual eff ect between Depression and marital satisfaction. However the phenomenon of marital adjustment and its related variable has not been given much attention in the Pakistan. Aim of the study: Th e primary objective is to determine the frequency of marital adjustment by using validated Urdu version of Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale in patients with Depression, who are under treatment at Psychiatry outpatient clinics at tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Method: Patient presenting in outpatient clinic and diagnosed with Depression for at least last 6 months according to ICD-10 criteria by Consultant psychiatrist, who were aged between 15-65 were included. Patients who had documented co morbid of substance use or any unstable serious general medical condition were excluded. Th e severity of Depression was evaluated by using Urdu validated Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Marital adjustment is determined by using Urdu validated version of Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Result: Only 8.6% were well adjusted in their marital life, and all were females; most of them were living in nuclear setting, unemployed, severely depressed, educated above intermediate, aged above 30 years, and had duration of illness more than 12 months. Th e association of marital adjustment and severity of Depression is insignifi cant. It further revealed to have insubstantial diff erence on KANSAS scale between both genders. Th e odd ratio of duration of illness was 7.6, which indicated that the longer the duration of illness, the more positively it is interrelated to the marital adjustment. Being employedand above 30 years of age wereinversely related to marital satisfaction with odd ratio of 6.1 and 5.4 respectively. However, the correlation between other independent variables and marital adjustment were insignifi cant in both genders. Conclusion: Th is study confi rms the presence of high frequency i.e. 91.4% of marital dissatisfaction in Depression in both male and females, irrespective of their severity of Depression. No substantial diff erence was established between both the genders based on KANSAS score. Longer duration of illness, unemployment, and above 30 age have protective eff ect on quality of marital life.

Marital Adjustment among Urban and Rural Women.

In today’s life, adjustment is necessary aspect when we talk about a relationship. This study was conducted to assess and compare the marital adjustment of women in urban and rural areas of Lucknow. It’s a comparative study, conducted in urban and rural areas of Lucknow district over a period of 3 months. Thirty women were interviewed by purposive sampling, 15 each were taken from urban and rural areas of Lucknow. Out of each 15 women, five women had married life between 5 to 10 years, five had 10-15 years and remaining five had married life of above 15 years. The tool used for the data collection was a questionnaire constructed and standardized by PRAMOD KUMAR & Km. KANCHANA ROHATGI. Data was analyzed by using the software SPSS, version 17.0. and Students’t Test. The result indicates that urban women have good marital adjustment and rural women have poor marital adjustment and this finding is statistically significant as well as meaningful. It is also found that marital adjustment was better in women having short married life of 5-10 years and those belonging to higher socio-economic status.

Correlation between marital adjustment and personality characteristics in infertile patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the correlation between marital adjustment and personality characteristics in infertile patients. Method The Locke-Wollance marital adjustment measurement scale and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ)were used among 156 patients with infertility to investigate the correlation between marital adjustment and personality characteristics in infertile patients. Results The total score on the marital adjustment was(100.7±15.5). The rate of good marital adjustment was 51.3%and the rate of marital maladjustment was 48.7%. Those with a marital time of shorter than 5 years were better at marital adjustment compared to those with more than 5 years adjustment(P<0.01). In the characteristics of personality,the items of psychoticism(P)and neuroticism(N)fell at the mode of propensity. The scores on introversion and covering were at the middle level. The groups between the marriage age of shorter than 5 years and more than 5 years were significantly different in psychoticism,introversion and extroversion and nervousness(P<0.01). The marital adjustment were negatively correlated with psychoticism and nervousness,but positively correlated with extraversion. The marriage adjnstmc-nt were positively correlated to cpsychoticism and nervousness,but postively correlated with extroversion. The marriage age was positively correlated with psychoticism and nervousness,but negatively related to extraversion and covering with statistically significant difference (P<0.01).Conclusions In the infertile patients,there are many cases of family marriage disorder. The marriage adjustment and age can affect the personality traits of infertile patients. It indicates that infertility affects the physical and mental health.

Avaliação da sexualidade de mulheres inférteis / Evaluation on the sexuality of infertile women

Objetivo: No nosso meio, não existem estudos que investiguem a sexualidade da mulher infértil. Sendo assim, há necessidade de uma maior compreensão dos aspectos da sexualidade dessas mulheres, assim como de possíveis disfunções sexuais nelas presentes. Material e métodos: Foram usados nesta pesquisa o Questionário do Quociente Sexual (versão feminina) e um questionário que investigava aspectos do relacionamento conjugal e sexual elaborado especialmente para esse estudo. Participaram da pesquisa 111 pacientes que buscavam por tratamentos de reprodução assistida no Projeto Beta, sem ainda terem iniciado qualquer tipo de tratamento, com idades entre 25 a 47 anos. Resultados: Os dados mostraram que 16,6% das mulheres apresentaram falta de libido, 11,9%, dificuldades de excitação sexual, 12,6%, dispareunia e 21,3%, dificuldades para atingir o orgasmo. Houve pioria da vida sexual quanto maior o tempo de infertilidade. Mulheres inférteis que já tinham filhos apresentaram significantemente melhor satisfação sexual comparadas às que não tinham. No que diz respeito ao relacionamento conjugal antes e depois da experiência de infertilidade, 60% das pacientes não relataram alterações, 26% referiram melhoria do relacionamento e 14% pioria da relação conjugal após esse problema. Conclusão: A infertilidade interfere de forma negativa na sexualidade das mulheres.

Objectives: In Brazil, there are no studies that investigate infertile women’s sexuality, so there is a need for greater understanding of aspects of their sexuality and possible dysfunctions that could be present. Materials and methods: Were used in this study a questionnaire for sexual quotient (female version) and a questionnaire investigating aspects of marital and sexual relationship prepared especially for this study. 111 patients who participated in the survey were seeking for assisted reproduction treatments in our clinic, before having initiated any kind of treatment, with ages between 25 to 47 years. Results: Collected data showed that 16.6% of the patients complained of lack of libido, 11.9%presented sexual arousal difficulties, 12.6% presented dyspareunia and 21.3% difficulties to reach an orgasm. We observed worsening of sexual life in proportion with the duration of infertility. Infertile women who already had children had significantly better sexual satisfaction compared to those that had not. Regarding marital adjustment before and afterexperiencing infertility, 60% did not refer any impairment, 26% referred enhancement and 14% referred worsening of the relationship.Conclusion: Infertility interferes in a negative way with women sexuality.

Co-dependency and Marital Adjustment in Depression.

Living with a depressed spouse can be burdensome as it poses the greater distress in the marital life. Present paper examines these aspects as marital adjustment and codependency in 30 subjects, 12 male and 18 female with depression. BDI, Marital Adjustment Questionnaire and Span-Fisher Co-Dependency scale were used to assess the marital adjustment and codependency. However, study could not pickup any statistically significant correlation between depression and marital adjustment, depression and codependency and marital adjustment and codependency.

Gravidez do primeiro filho: papéis sexuais, ajustamento conjugal e emocional / First child pregnancy: sex roles, marital and emotional adjustment

Esta investigação examinou as relações entre papéis sexuais, ajustamento conjugal e emocional de mulheres no período de gravidez da transição para a parentalidade. Participaram 135 mulheres recrutadas na rede pública de saúde (SUS). As gestantes estavam esperando os seus primeiros filhos e coabitavam com seus parceiros, independentemente de serem formalmente casadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Bem Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), a Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) e a Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo (Hutz & Nunes, 2001). A coleta foi individual e, em geral, os instrumentos foram preenchidos na presença do entrevistador. Um número pequeno de questionários foi respondido no domicílio dos sujeitos e, posteriormente, devolvido aos pesquisadores. Os resultados mostraram relações significativas entre Papéis Sexuais e Ajustamento Conjugal. Os dados são discutidos à luz da Teoria de Esquema de Gênero e do conhecimento produzido na linha de pesquisa da transição para a parentalidade.

The present investigation examined the relationship between sexual roles and pregnant women marital and emotional adjustment on the transition to parenthood. A hundred thirty three women participants were recruited from the public health care network in southern Brazil. The participants lived together with their partners and they were waiting for their first son or daughter. The tests used were the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) and the Neuroticism Factor Scale (Hutz & Nunes, 2001). The data collection was individual and, in several cases, they fill the instruments in an interviewer presence. In a small amount of cases, participants responded to the instruments at home and later they returned them to the researcher. The results showed significant relationships between sex roles and marital adjustment. The results are discussed based on gender theories and on the international research on the transition to parenthood results.

Qualidade conjugal: mapeando conceitos / Marital quality: mapping out concepts

Apesar da ampla utilização do conceito de qualidade conjugal, identifica-se falta de clareza conceitual acerca das variáveis que o compõem. Esse artigo apresenta revisão da literatura na área com o objetivo de mapear o conceito de qualidade conjugal. Foram analisadas sete principais teorias sobre o tema: Troca Social, Comportamental, Apego, Teoria da Crise, Interacionismo Simbólico. Pelos postulados propostos nas diferentes teorias, podem-se identificar três grupos de variáveis fundamentais na definição da qualidade conjugal: recursos pessoais dos cônjuges, contexto de inserção do casal e processos adaptativos. Neste sentido, a qualidade conjugal é resultado do processo dinâmico e interativo do casal, razão deste caráter multidimensional.

Despite the wide use of marital quality concept, it is identified a lack of variables conceptual clarity. This article presents an area literature review with the objective of mapping out the conjugal concept. Seven theories about this subject were analysed: Social Exchange Theory, Behaviourist Theory, Attachment Theory, Crisis Theory, Simbolic Interactionism Theory, Family Systems Theory, Adaptation of Vulnerability to Stress Model. It is possible to identify three groups of variables in the definition of conjugal quality: spouses personal resources, context in which the couple is inserted, adapting processes. Hence, conjugal quality is the result of couple dynamic and interactive process, consequence of a multidimensional character.

Social Issues of Young Adult Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychosocial factors and outcomes in young adult stroke patients. METHOD: The study group consisted of 59 stroke patients under the age of 45. Retrospective chart reviews of demographic findings, functional status, primary caregiver, marital and child status, discharge destination, employment and psychological difficulties were recorded by rehabilitation team during hospitalization. Telephone and mail surveys were carried out for the functional status, marital status, employment and social factors of the study group after discharge. RESULTS: The proportion of young adult stroke was 13.7% of all stroke patients. Young adult stroke were 20 cases (34%) of cerebral infarction and 39 cases (66%) of cerebral hemorrhage. Of the 39 married patients, 2 couples were separated. The marital adjustment skill was significantly lower in these couples than ordinary couples under age of 45. Forty-two of 51 patients were able to return to their premorbid residence. Of the 39 patients employed at the time of stroke, only 4 (10.3%) were able to return to work after discharge. Two of the 4 patients returned to school after discharge. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation of young adult stroke patients is associated with variety of social factors including marital adjustment and returning to work.