ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer has been the most prevalent female cancer in South Korea since 2001. Early detection of this disease is the most effective strategy for reducing mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors which could predict advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: Participants who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer and referred to the Stress Clinic of the Breast Cancer Center at Kyungpook National University Hospital were included. Through a semi-structured interview, the authors investigated psychosocial variables such as the extent of marital and family functioning and emotional-economic family burden as well as sociodemographic and health behavior-, health characteristic- and cancer-related variables. RESULTS: Data were collected from 219 participants. One hundred and twenty(54.8%) subjects were diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancer. Variables that were significantly different between the advanced-stage and early-stage groups included : monthly breast self examination(p<0.000), annual mammographic screening(p< 0.000), mode of tumor detection(p<0.000), nature of the first symptoms(p<0.000), time to treatment after di-agnosis(p<0.000), overloaded economic and family burden(p=0.018), marital functioning(p<0.000) and family functioning(p<0.00). Logistic regression analysis indicated that irregular annual mammography screening(OR=7.431 ; 95% CI 2.407-22.944) or a lack of screening(OR=25.299 ; 95% CI 7.855-81.482) and a dysfunctional marital relationship(OR=4.772 ; 95% CI 2.244-10.145) were significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: We reconfirmed screening behavior to be a risk factor for delayed diagnosis of breast cancer. Our findings also emphasized the importance of psychosocial factors such as marital functioning in early detection of breast cancer. Psychiatric consultation in the area of martial functioning could be beneficial for increasing early detection in breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Delayed Diagnosis , Diagnosis , Korea , Logistic Models , Mammography , Marriage , Mass Screening , Mortality , Psychology , Risk Factors , Time-to-TreatmentABSTRACT
O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) é um dos transtornos neurobiológicos com maior prevalência na infância e pode implicar dificuldades no funcionamento conjugal dos pais das crianças afetadas, bem como sofrer influência do mesmo. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca dos aspectos conjugais em famílias de crianças com TDAH, relacionando-os com outras variáveis, como a presença de comorbidades, aspectos socioeconômicos e saúde mental dos pais. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática de literatura por meio do PubMed entre os anos de 1996 e 2006, utilizando os termos "ADD", "ADHD", "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder", "Attention-Deficit", "marital conflict" e "family". RESULTADOS: Dezesseis estudos dentre 628 publicações iniciais e 55 artigos posteriormente incluídos pelas referências bibliográficas foram avaliados. O relacionamento conjugal aparece comprometido em grande parte da literatura, principalmente nos pais daquelas crianças que apresentam distúrbio desafiador e de oposição (DDO) ou distúrbio de conduta comórbidos. Contudo, resultados opostos também são encontrados em diversas pesquisas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados de pesquisas referentes ao funcionamento conjugal de pais destas crianças são heterogêneos. É preciso que sejam feitos estudos longitudinais, que possam esclarecer o impacto do transtorno nos conflitos conjugais de pais de portadores, bem como a influência destes últimos na expressão clínica do transtorno.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobiological disorders among children and might either influence or be influenced by problems in marital functioning of the parents of affected children. Studies aimed at investigating marital functioning in parents of these children have found controversial results. OBJETIVE: To perform a systematic review about the marital aspects of families with ADHD children and, to correlate those aspects with other variables, like the presence of comorbidities, socioeconomical aspects and parents' mental health. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in Pubmed between 1996 and 2006, using the following keywords: "ADD", "ADHD", "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder", "Attention-Deficit", "marital conflict", and "family". RESULTS: Sixteen of the 628 initial articles and 55 additional papers included in a following phase, based on bibliographical references, were evaluated. Impairment in marital relationships has been documented in most studies, specially when ADHD is comorbid with Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD). However, studies indicating normal marital functioning also exist. CONCLUSIONS: Study results concerning ADHD and marital dysfunction have conflicting results. Futures longitudinal studies will be necessary to clarify the impact of ADHD in marital conflict of parents of children with ADHD, and also to determine the influence of the marital conflicts in the clinical expression of the disorder.