Study on the correlation between marital status and mild cognitive impairment in older adults / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between marital status and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.Methods:This study is a cluster random sampling.From January to December 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among older adults aged 60 years and over in four cities of Hebei Province.Finally, 2690 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive function were enrolled.The older adults were divided into 2 groups according to their marital status: married and living with their spouses(group E1), divorced or living alone(group E2). The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores of older adults in the two groups were compared.Moreover, the cognitive differences of older adults between the two groups and the interaction of marital status, social activities and life events on cognitive outcomes were analyzed.Results:The married older adults with partners had better cognitive preservation( P<0.01). The more life events were more likely to cause cognitive impairment( P<0.01), and the interaction of marital status, social activities and life events had a significant impact on cognition( P<0.01). Older men who were married and lived with spouse had better cognition than older women who were married and lived with spouse( P<0.05 in Model 3). The cognition of widowed elderly women was better than those of widowed elderly men( P<0.1 in Model 1; P<0.1 in Model 2). Among elderly men, the cognition of those married and living with spouse was better than that those of widowed( P<0.01 in models 1 and 2, P<0.1 in model 3). Among elderly women, those married and living with spouse had better cognitive outcomes than those widowed( P<0.01 in Model 1, P<0.01 in Model 2). Conclusions:Marital companionship is a protective factor for the cognition of older adults, and there are gender differences in the impact of marital status on cognition in late life.

Casamiento infantil y salud perinatal en Ecuador, 2015-2020 / Child marriage and perinatal health in Ecuador, 2015-2020

RESUMEN Este estudio buscó estimar la prevalencia y distribución de nacidos vivos de madres menores de 18 años en Ecuador y la asociación entre indicadores perinatales y estado marital materno. A partir de los registros de nacidos vivos obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Ecuador para el período 2015-2020, se estimó la asociación conjunta entre grupos de edad (10-15, 16-17, 18-19 y 20-24 años) y la situación conyugal materna (casada, unión estable y soltera), con bajo peso al nacer, parto pretérmino e inadecuada atención prenatal. La prevalencia de partos de madres menores de 18 años fue del 9,3% y declinó en el periodo de estudio, drásticamente entre las mujeres casadas. La asociación entre estado marital y las variables explicativas dependió de la edad materna. Los resultados más favorables de salud observados entre las madres casadas de 20-24 años, en comparación con las madres solteras, se debilitan o desaparecen entre las menores de edad. Las madres en uniones de hecho experimentaron resultados intermedios entre las mujeres casadas y las solteras.

ABSTRACT This study sought to estimate the prevalence and distribution of newborns to mothers under age 18 in Ecuador and the association between perinatal indicators and maternal marital status. Newborn records obtained from Ecuador's Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) between 2015 and 2020 were used to assess the joint association between maternal age groups (10-15, 16-17, 18-19, and 20-24 years) and marital status (married, common-law, and single) with low birthweight, preterm birth, and inadequate prenatal care. The prevalence of newborns to mothers under age 18 was 9.3% overall, but declined over the study period, drastically among married mothers. The association between marital status and perinatal indicators depended on maternal age. The more favorable outcomes observed among married mothers aged 20-24 years (compared to their single counterparts) weaken or disappear among mothers under age 18. Mothers in stable unions exhibited outcomes in between those of married and single mothers.

Is there an association between family structure and the oral health of socially vulnerable children?

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the family structure on the oral health status of socially vulnerable children in the Federal District of Brazil. A total of 471 schoolchildren with a mean age of 8.12 (± 0.90) years were examined for dental caries using the CAST instrument. Dental biofilm and oral pain were also registered. Children's guardians were interviewed about socioeconomic variables and oral hygiene habits. The association between oral pain in the previous 30 days and the child's maximum CAST score were analyzed using the Pearson chi-squared test. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to determine the predictors of presence of biofilm, oral pain, and caries severity. The prevalence of cavitated dentin lesions was 43.74% and, both dentin and enamel lesions, 52.87%; for both dentitions. An association between pain and severe nontreated carious lesions was found (p < 0.0001). The family structure was not related to the presence of dental caries, but a significant association was found between low maternal education and severe carious lesions (PR = 1.41; p = 0.0077) and oral pain (PR = 1.47; p = 0. 0335); not owning a residence and frequency of toothbrushing were also associated with the substantial presence of biofilm (PR = 1.13, p = 0.0493 and PR = 1.18, p = 0.0470; respectively). For socially vulnerable children, variables related to the socioeconomic status of the families were more relevant than the family structure in relation to their oral health status.

Effects of marital status on survival of early stage breast cancer patients: a real-world study / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate whether the real-world marital status is a factor affecting the survival of patients with early stage breast cancer.Methods:According to the data of 62 845 patients with early stage (T 1-2N 0M 0) breast cancer who received treatment from January 2012 to December 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, univariate survival analysis for 7 factors including age, race, surgery, T stage, tumor differentiation, molecular type and marital status was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. The 5-year cancer specific survival (5-CSS) rate was calculated. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the death risk of patients with different marital status (married, unmarried and bad marriage). Results:Univariate analysis showed that 7 factors were correlated with the survival of patients with early stage breast cancer (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that marital status was an independent factor affecting the survival of patients, and the death risk of unmarried patients and patients with bad marriage was 2.014 times (95% CI 1.714-2.367, P < 0.001) and 2.559 times (95% CI 2.254-2.905, P < 0.001) higher than that of married patients, respectively. In tumor differentiation, molecular type, T stage and race subgroups, univariate analysis showed that the rates of 5-CSS in married patients were higher than those in unmarried patients and patients with bad marriage (all P < 0.001); multivariate analysis showed that the risk of death in patients with bad marriage (except undifferentiated type) was higher than that in married patients (all P < 0.001), and the risk of death in unmarried patients (except undifferentiation, Luminal B type, black and other races) was also higher than that in married patients (all P < 0.01). Conclusions:Marital status is one of the factors influencing the survival of patients with early stage breast cancer.

Epidemiologic features of metabolic syndrome in a general Mongolian population / Эрүүл мэндийн лаборатори

Background@#Although cardiovascular health is a crucial problem for Mongolian people, little information about metabolic syndrome (MetS), associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, is available in Mongolia. @*Aim@#The aim of this study was to observe the epidemiological features of MetS in a general Mongolian population.@*Material and Methods@#This cross-sectional study was performed in 1911 general Mongolian subjects (men=717, women=1194), who were aged ≥ 40 years and free of ischemic heart disease. The prevalence of MetS, as defined by International Diabetes Federation criteria, was determined.@*Result@#The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in women (n=488, 40.9%) than in men (n=138, 19.2%). The prevalence of MetS was high, especially in the Khangai region. A moderateto-high alcohol consumption was a significantly positively associated factor of MetS in men (odds ratio [OR] =2.01; 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.15-3.51; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.41; 95% CI: 1.31-4.44) and widowed status was a significantly positively associated factor of MetS in women (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.18-2.18; AOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.07-2.08). @*Conclusion @#MetS was prevalent in women compared with men among Mongolian adults. Preventive strategies aimed at men with higher alcohol consumption and women of widowed status may help reduce MetS, thereby improving cardiovascular health conditions in Mongolia.

Impact of Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment of Pastoralists Located in South Central Somalia Based on Income and Marital Status

Recent changes in climate over the last three decades, have increased the incidences of severe droughts and floods in Somalia. Moreover, the frequent internal conflicts increases the level of vulnerability of its citizens’ to climate change impacts. The UNDP puts at 5 million, the number of Somali people affected by drought incidences. Notably, factors such as income and marital status influence the vulnerability status of individuals in the region. This study assessed the vulnerability and impact of climate change of South Central Somali pastoralists based on income and marital status. The research was conducted through structured interviews and questionnaires and the sample size for the study was 400. The divorcees, were found to be the most vulnerable, compared to the married, singles and widows. On the other hand, the higher income earners were found to be less vulnerable to climate change impacts compared to the lower income earners. The findings demonstrate that marital status and income, play a key role in influencing the level of vulnerability of the individuals in the study area. The information can be used to formulate policies that will provide appropriate interventions to the most affected groups.

Comportamiento del alcoholismo en el Consultorio Médico de Familia 25. Policlínico Bayamo Oeste. 2018- 2019 / Behavior of alcoholism in the Family Medical Office 25. Bayamo Oeste Polyclinic. 2018 - 2019 / Comportamento do alcoolismo no Serviço Médico da Família 25. Policlínica Bayamo Oeste. 2018-2019

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con la participación de 72 pacientes que tienen problemas con el alcohol pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico de Familia (CMF) No 25 del Reparto Camilo Cienfuegos, perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico "Bayamo Oeste" del municipio de Bayamo, provincia Granma. En este se recopilaron datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes y encuestas para la obtención de variables demográficas tales como: edad, sexo; así como las variables sociales: escolaridad, estado civil, vínculo laboral. Se computan los datos por procedimientos estadísticos convencionales y se expresan mediante tablas. Al finalizar el estudio y analizar los resultados se pudo apreciar que la edad comprendida entre 39 y 48 años resultó ser la de mayor incidencia, predominando la afección del sexo masculino y en personas de menor nivel escolar, solteras, desempleadas.

ABSTRACT An epidemiological, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, with the participation of 72 patients who have problems with alcohol belonging to the Family Medical Office (CMF) No. 25 of the Camilo Cienfuegos Department, belonging to the Polyclinic health area "Bayamo Oeste" in the municipality of Bayamo, Granma province. This collected data from the patient's medical records and surveys to obtain demographic variables such as: age, sex; as well as social variables: schooling, marital status, employment relationship. Data are computed by conventional statistical procedures and expressed by means of tables. At the end of the study and analyzing the results, it was observed that the age between 39 and 48 years turned out to be the one with the highest incidence, prevailing the affection of the male sex and in people of lower school level, single, unemployed.

RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, descritivo e transversal, com a participação de 72 pacientes com problemas de álcool pertencentes ao Serviço Médico de Família (CMF) nº 25 do Departamento de Camilo Cienfuegos, pertencente à área de saúde policlínica " Bayamo Oeste"no município de Bayamo, província de Granma. Ele coletou dados dos prontuários e pesquisas médicas do paciente para obter variáveis ​​demográficas como: idade, sexo; bem como variáveis ​​sociais: escolaridade, estado civil, vínculo empregatício. Os dados são calculados por procedimentos estatísticos convencionais e expressos por meio de tabelas. Ao final do estudo e analisando os resultados, observou-se que a idade entre 39 e 48 anos foi a de maior incidência, prevalecendo o acometimento do sexo masculino e em pessoas de menor escolaridade, solteiras, desempregadas.

Reproductive health status and its influencing factors of female employees in an automobile manufacturing industry / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reproductive health status of female employees in an automobile manufacturing industry and its influencing factors. METHODS: By a method of convenient sampling, 989 female employees of an automobile manufacturer were selected as the study subjects. The Female Employees′ Reproductive Health Status Questionnaire was used to investigate and analyze the influencing factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal menstruation was 23.7%(234/989). The abnormal menstruation was mainly the menstrual cycle disorder, with the prevalence of 15.4%(152/989). The prevalence of reproductive tract infection was 39.1%(387/989), and the top 2 types of infection were cervicitis(12.7%) and vaginitis(12.1%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal menstruation in night shift workers was higher than that in day shift workers(P<0.05). The risk of abnormal menstruation increased in female workers with the increase of work intensity(P<0.05). Female workers with a history of abortion had higher risk of abnormal menstruation and reproductive tract infection than those without a history of abortion(all P<0.05). Female workers with abnormal menstruation had a higher risk of reproductive tract infection than those with normal menstruation(P<0.01). Married employees had a higher risk of reproductive tract infection than unmarried ones(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The reproductive health of female workers in the automobile manufacturing industry is related to their marital status, work shift, work intensity and history of abortion.

Prognostic impacts of marital status on patients with buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To explore the influence of marital status on the survival of patients with buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) and to provide a scientific basis for risk assessment and nursing decisions for these patients.@*Methods @# A total of 1 006 BMSCC participants were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the effect of marital status (married, unmarried and unhappily married) on the survival of patients with buccal squamous cell carcinoma. The independent prognostic effect of marital status was further determined by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.@*Results@# Marital status was an independent prognostic factor for BMSCC patients (P=0.001). Married patients had the best survival, while separated/divorced/widowed patients had the worst survival (HR=1. 445, P=0.001), and never married patients had an intermediate risk (HR=1.297, P=0.040).@*Conclusion@#Marital status was an independent prognostic factor for BMSCC patients. Unmarried and unhappily married patients had worse survival, which suggests that we should pay more attention to patients’ marital status, especially unmarried and unhappily married patients.

A descriptive study of solitary death in Yokohama City

BACKGROUND@#The solitary death rate in Japan is expected to continue increasing because of its growing super-aged society and the rapid growth of home care in the country. To accurately determine the actual status of solitary deaths, we used a novel analysis method of combining vital statistics and ambulatory care information in Yokohama City.@*METHODS@#Data of persons who died at home in 2013 were obtained from death certificate notifications. We also obtained the emergency transportation records that matched the cases of these death certificate notifications. Then, we gathered information regarding age, gender, marital status, and cause of death for the matched cases.@*RESULTS@#There were 1890 "suspected unnatural deaths," in which most solitary deaths could be included, among all citizens who died at home (n = 4847). We were able to match 1503 of these cases with emergency transportation records. These 1503 cases were divided into two groups, "solitary death" (n = 349) and "un-solitary death" (n = 1154) according to the postmortem interval until finding (PMI-f). Pearson's χ tests conducted for the two groups revealed that there were significant differences regarding the proportion of persons who were elderly, unmarried, male, and had a hepatic disease and senility. A logistic regression analysis also showed that an increased likelihood of a prolonged PMI-f was associated with males and an unmarried status with hepatic diseases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Unmarried, male sex, and liver diseases are independent risks for solitary death in Yokohama City.

Relationship between Health Behaviors and Marital Adjustment and Marital Intimacy in Multicultural Family Female Immigrants / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the relationship between health behaviors and marital adjustment in multicultural couples to evaluate their health status. METHODS: Married couples (70 Korean men and their immigrant wives) completed a structured interview on health behaviors and sociodemographic factors, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), and the Marital Intimacy Scale. Based on the cutoff value of the RDAS, respondents were classified into two groups: high or low dyadic adaptation groups. The collected data were compared with health behavior regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and weight. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) by logistic regression with adjustment for age, educational level, career, occupation, length of residence in Korea, nationality, religion, age difference between couple, number of children, monthly income, and proficiency in Korean was 1.279 (1.113–1.492) for unhealthy exercise and 1.732 (1.604–1.887) for unhealthy body weight in female immigrants with low marital adjustment. In Korean husbands with low marital adjustment, the OR (95% CI) was 1.625 (1.232–2.142) for smoking and 1.327 (1.174–1.585) for unhealthy exercise. No significant relationship was found between marital intimacy and health behaviors in female immigrants or Korean husbands. CONCLUSION: More desirable health behaviors were observed in highly adapted couples. Therefore, family physicians should be concerned with marital adjustment and other associative factors to evaluate and improve multicultural couples' health status.

Long-term Survivorship of Breast Cancer Patients and Its Prognostic Factors: A Tertiary Oncological Center Experience in Penang

@#Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women. The purpose of this study is to determine the 5-years survival rate and prognostic factors among breast cancer patients in a tertiary oncological centre in Penang, Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia. All 214 cases of breast cancer diagnosed from 1st January 2008 until 31st December 2012 were selected and retrospectively followed-up until 31st December 2017. The survival status for this study was referring to the record of the National Registration of Malaysia. Kaplan-Meier with Log-rank test and Cox regression were used for the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively. Results: The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 50.98 (±10.75) years. The majority of the patients were Malay (55.7%) and married (96.5%). After controlling for the effect of underlying comorbidities, lymph nodes involvement, marital status, vascular involvement and adjuvant therapy; it was found that marital status (adj HR= 3.63, 95% CI 1.17-11.24) and lymph nodes involvement (adj HR=2.36, 95% CI 1.17-4.76) were the significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: This study re-emphasizes the role of marital status and lymph nodes involvement as independent predictors of the long-term survival of breast cancer patients. Further studies are needed to assess the promising benefit of personalized treatment and specific supportive care given to the patients with these risk factors for better cancer experience and survival.

Health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged men by marital status: Korea Community Health Study, 2015 / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with household composition and living arrangements, which partially explain observed differences in health status according to marital status. However, due to the rapid socioeconomic and demographic transformations of the last few decades, the distribution of marital status among middle-aged adults has become more diverse. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain up-to-date information on the associations between marital status and health and to investigate the implications of these findings for conventional explanations of the health effects of marriage.METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Korean Community Health Study. We compared 4 modifiable lifestyle behaviors—smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and self-rated health status—as outcome variables in association with marital status in Korean middle-aged men (age 40-44) living in Seoul and other regions.RESULTS: Married men showed the lowest cigarette smoking prevalence and the highest subjective health status both before and after adjusting for education and income. The odds of engaging in vigorous physical activity did not show a major difference before and after adjustment for income and education.CONCLUSIONS: In married men, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was lowest and subjective health status was highest, similar to previous studies. However, the prevalence of engaging in physical activity was highest in divorced/widowed/separated men. The health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged adults should be more closely followed, since they are representative of demographic changes in the Korean population.

Social comparing tendency of patients with chronic gastric ulcer and its influence on self-efficacy / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To analyze the social comparison tendency of patients with chronic gastric ulcer and its influence on self-efficacy.@*Methods@#From April 2016 to June 2018, 320 patients with chronic gastric ulcer admitted to the People's Hospital of Lianshui County were selected by convenient sampling method.All patients were surveyed by the Social Comparing Tendency Scale and Self-efficacy Scale.After the questionnaire was collected, the questionnaire was sorted out by designated personnel, and the influencing factors of self-efficacy were analyzed by single and multiple factors.@*Results@#Univariate analysis showed that the factors influencing self-efficacy of patients with chronic gastric ulcer were marital status, occupational status, religious beliefs, educational level and treatment stage(t=4.285, F=3.085, t=4.121, F=5.056, t=4.376, all P<0.05). The scores of social comparison tendency and self-efficacy of 80 patients with chronic gastric ulcer were (37.42±8.56)points and (236.25±64.25)points.The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy level of unmarried, low-educated and socially inclined patients was low(t=3.087、3.183、2.231, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Medical staff can guide patients' family members to provide emotional support, relaxed and warm family environment, and according to their social tendency, give appropriate interventions to enhance their self-efficacy.

Health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged men by marital status: Korea Community Health Study, 2015 / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with household composition and living arrangements, which partially explain observed differences in health status according to marital status. However, due to the rapid socioeconomic and demographic transformations of the last few decades, the distribution of marital status among middle-aged adults has become more diverse. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain up-to-date information on the associations between marital status and health and to investigate the implications of these findings for conventional explanations of the health effects of marriage. METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Korean Community Health Study. We compared 4 modifiable lifestyle behaviors—smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and self-rated health status—as outcome variables in association with marital status in Korean middle-aged men (age 40-44) living in Seoul and other regions. RESULTS: Married men showed the lowest cigarette smoking prevalence and the highest subjective health status both before and after adjusting for education and income. The odds of engaging in vigorous physical activity did not show a major difference before and after adjustment for income and education. CONCLUSIONS: In married men, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was lowest and subjective health status was highest, similar to previous studies. However, the prevalence of engaging in physical activity was highest in divorced/widowed/separated men. The health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged adults should be more closely followed, since they are representative of demographic changes in the Korean population.

A Web-based Survey of Marital Quality and Job Satisfaction among Chinese Nurses

PURPOSE: This study aimed to use a web-based survey to investigate the correlation between job satisfaction and marital quality and to identify the association of demographics with job satisfaction and marital quality. METHODS: Married nurses (N = 2,296) completed the questionnaires. Correlations and linear regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Both marital quality and job satisfaction were relatively low. Additionally, marital quality was positively correlated with job satisfaction. Age, marital status (in years) and average daily hours spent with spouse had positive impact on job satisfaction. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, monthly income, average daily hours spent with spouse and marital quality were positively associated with job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Because of the shifts nurses working, there is little time for nurses to spend with their spouses and family. It is recommended that hospital leaders could provide more flexibility with nurses' shift choices so nurses can arrange their work-life balance better. Other considerations like reducing workload and reducing working hours should be promoted as options. Nurse managers could offer counseling services including strategies to cope with the balance between work and life. This effort could improve job satisfaction and reduce the rate of turnover of nurses.

The association between long working hours and marital status change: middle-aged and educated Korean in 2014–2015

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between long workhours and marital status change from married to divorced or separated status that might have bad health effects. METHODS: A total of 40,654 participants with married status in 2014 were followed up in 2015. Weekly workhours were categorized into four groups: ≤ 40, 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours per week. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between groups of workhours and marital status change after adjusting for age, total monthly household income, working type, and depression with sex stratification. RESULTS: The study populations consisted of 8,346 (20.5%) females and 32,308 (79.5%) males. Odd ratios (ORs) of marital status change for females working for more than 60 hours per week was 4.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–14.5), when working less than or equal to 40 hours per week was used as reference in the crude model. ORs of working more than 60 hours per week was 4.57 (95% CI: 1.02–20.5) in female workers when considering age, total household earning per month, working type of daytime, and depression in a dose-response manner. However, for male workers, long workhours were not significantly related to change of marriage status. CONCLUSIONS: Long workhours for more than 60 hours per week had significantly higher risk of divorce or separation in females, but not in males. Further follow-up studies are needed to evaluate long term effects of long workhours on divorce risk.

Percepción de la infidelidad de adultos en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires / Infidelity Perceptions in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area

Resumen Se realizó un estudio exploratorio a 600 adultos del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, vinculado con la infidelidad, tipificando la población por medio de una taxonomía de respuestas emocionales con un cuestionario online. Según estudios anteriores, y por el contrario que las mujeres, los hombres mostrarían reacciones celosas de tipo sexual y no emocional, ya que la infidelidad femenina podría conducir a la posibilidad de que tuvieran que mantener descendientes que no fueran genéticamente suyos. Las conductas se organizaron de acuerdo con la Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale, distinguiendo tres clases de respuestas: ambiguas, explícitas y las engañosas. Utilizando Chi cuadrado, se discuten las diferencias respecto a estas variables: la edad, el estado civil, el género, nivel educativo y creencias religiosas.

Abstract An exploratory study was conducted on 600 adults from the Metropolitan Area of ​​Buenos Aires regarded infidelity, typifying the population through a taxonomy of emotional responses with an online questionnaire. According to previous research, and opposite to women, men would show sexual and non-emotional jealousies responses, since female infidelity could lead to the possibility of having offspring that were not genetically theirs. Behaviors were organized according to the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale, distinguishing three kinds of responses: ambiguous, explicit and misleading ones. Using Chi square, we discuss the differences regarding these variables: age, marital status, gender, educational level and religious practices.

A influência da situação conjugal no suporte social em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV / La influencia de estado civil en el soporte social en personas infectadas por el VIH / The influence of marital status in social support in people infected by HIV

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da situação conjugal no suporte social percebido por pessoas infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). MÉTODO: Estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado com 179 participantes. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se a Escala de Suporte Social para pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Como variável dependente, o suporte social percebido, e como variáveis independentes, as características sociais, demográficas e clínicas. Realizada análise descritiva das variáveis, Teste de Jonckheere-Terpstra e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Conviver com esposo(a) ou companheiro(a) é fator de proteção quando comparado a ser solteiro(a) ou separado(a), divorciado(a) ou viúvo(a), de forma que a chance de proteção é de 8,84 vezes (IC: 3,43 – 14,25) para o suporte social geral, 5,54 vezes (IC: 2,54 – 8,54) para suporte social emocional, e 4,31 vezes (IC: 0,97 - 7,65) para suporte social instrumental. CONCLUSÃO: Ter companheiro(a) é fator de proteção para manutenção do suporte social. Essa avaliação contribui para identificar dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral e elaborar estratégias de enfrentamento da doença e manutenção de comportamentos favoráveis à adesão.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the conjugal situation on the social support perceived by people infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 179 participants. To collect data, the Social Support Scale was used for people infected with HIV. As a dependent variable, perceived social support, and as independent variables, social, demographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive analysis of the variables, Jonckheere-Terpstra test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Living with a spouse or partner is a protective factor when compared to being single or separated, divorced or widowed, so the chance of protection is 8, 84 times (CI: 3.43 - 14.25) for general social support, 5.54 (CI: 2.54 - 8.54) times higher for social emotional support, and 4.31 (CI: 0, 97 - 7.65) times greater for social instrumental support. CONCLUSION: Having a partner is a protective factor for maintaining social support. This evaluation contributes to identify difficulties in adherence to antiretroviral treatment and to develop coping strategies and maintenance of adherence behaviors.

OBJETIVO Evaluar la influencia del estado civil en el apoyo social percibido por personas infectadas por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). MÉTODO: Estudio transversal, realizado con 179 participantes. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la Escala de Soporte Social para las personas infectadas por el VIH. Como variable dependiente, el suporte social percibido y como variables independientes, las características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Realizado análisis descriptivo de las variables, prueba de Jonckheere-Terpstra y regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Convivir con su cónyuge o pareja es un factor protector en comparación con ser soltero(a) o separado(a), divorciado(a) o viudo(a), por lo que la probabilidad de protección es de 8,84 (IC: 3.43 a 14.25 veces) por el apoyo social general, 5.54 (IC: 2.54 a 8.54) veces para el apoyo social y emocional, y 4.31 (IC: 0.97 a 7.65) veces para el apoyo social instrumental. CONCLUSIONES: Tener pareja es factor de protección para mantenimiento del suporte social. Esa evaluación contribuye para identificar dificultades en la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral y elaborar estrategias de enfrentamiento de la enfermedad e mantenimiento de comportamientos favorables a la adhesión.

Prevalence of unrecognized depression in patients with chronic pain without a history of psychiatric diseases

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of unrecognized depression in patients with chronic pain, but with no history of psychiatric diseases. METHODS: Patients with chronic pain who did not have a history of psychiatric disease were selected for this study. The Beck Depression Index (BDI) was used to evaluate depression. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics and pain-related characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS: The study included 94 consecutive patients with chronic pain (28 men and 66 women). Based on the BDI scores, 33/94 (35.1%) patients with chronic pain had comorbid depression. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in our cohort than it was in the general population (P < 0.001). The standardized incidence ratio, adjusted for age and sex, was 2.77 in men and 2.60 in women. Patients who were unmarried (odds ratio [OR] = 3.714, P = 0.044), and who had subjective sleep disturbance (OR = 8.885, P < 0.001), were more likely to have moderate to severe depression. Patients with high education levels (OR = 0.244, P = 0.016), and who were economically active (OR = 0.284, P = 0.023), were less likely to have moderate to severe depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that unrecognized depression in patients with chronic pain is common. Therefore, pain physicians should actively seek to identify these problems rather than relying on the patient to volunteer such information.