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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 23(4): 608-635, jul. 2024. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538071

ABSTRACT

Chile has two certified origin olive products: Extra-Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) from Huasco valley and the Azapa variety table olive from the Azapa valley. However, efficient methodologies are needed to determine the varieties and raw materials involved in the end products. In this study, we assessed the size of alleles from ten microsatellites in 20 EVOOs and in leaves and fruits of 16 olive varieties cultivated in Chile to authenticate their origins. The identification of varieties relied on specific allele sizes derived from microsatellites markers UDO99-011 and DCA18-M found in leaves and fruit mesocarp. While most Chilean single-variety EVOOs matched the variety declared on the label, inconsistencies were observed in single-variety EVOOs containing multiple varieties. Our findings confirm that microsatellites serve as a valuable as diagnostic tools for ensuring the quality control of Geographical Indication certification for Azapa olives and EVOO with Designation of Origin from Huasco.


Chile cuenta con dos productos de oliva de origen certificado: El aceite de oliva virgen extra (AOVE) del valle del Huasco y la aceituna de mesa de la variedad Azapa del valle de Azapa. Sin embargo, se necesitan metodologías eficientes para determinar las variedades y materias primas involucradas en los productos finales. En este estudio, evaluamos el tamaño de los alelos de diez microsatélites en 20 AOVEs y en hojas y frutos de 16 variedades de aceituna cultivadas en Chile para autentificar sus orígenes. La identificación de las variedades se basó en los tamaños alélicos específicos derivados de los marcadores microsatélites UDO99-011 y DCA18-M encontrados en las hojas y el mesocarpio de los frutos. Aunque la mayoría de los AOVEs chilenos monovarietales coincidían con la variedad declarada en la etiqueta, se observaron incoherencias en los AOVEs monovarietales que contenían múltiples variedades. Nuestros hallazgos confirman que los microsatélites sirven como valiosas herramientas de diagnóstico para asegurar el control de calidad de la certificación de Indicación Geográfica para aceitunas de Azapa y AOVE con Denominación de Origen de Huasco.


Subject(s)
Olive Oil/chemistry , Geography , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Chile , Plant Structures/chemistry
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e248359, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345547

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the major rice diseases in Malaysia. This disease causes substantial yield loss as high as 70%. Development of rice varieties which inherited BLB resistant traits is a crucial approach to promote and sustain rice industry in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims were to enhance BLB disease resistant characters of high yielding commercial variety MR219 through backcross breeding approach with supporting tool of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Broad spectrum BLB resistance gene, Xa7 from donor parent IRBB7 were introgressed into the susceptible MR219 (recurrent parent) using two flanking markers ID7 and ID15. At BC3F4, we managed to generate 19 introgressed lines with homozygous Xa7 gene and showed resistant characteristics as donor parent when it was challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae through artificial inoculation. Recurrent parent MR219 and control variety, MR263 were found to be severely infected by the disease. The improved lines exhibited similar morphological and yield performance characters as to the elite variety, MR219. Two lines, PB-2-107 and PB-2-34 were chosen to be potential lines because of their outstanding performances compared to parent, MR219. This study demonstrates a success story of MAS application in development of improved disease resistance lines of rice against BLB disease.


Resumo A mancha bacteriana das folhas (BLB) é uma das principais doenças do arroz na Malásia. Essa doença causa perdas substanciais de rendimento de até 70%. O desenvolvimento de variedades de arroz que herdaram características de resistência ao BLB é uma abordagem crucial para promover e sustentar a indústria do arroz na Malásia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi aumentar os caracteres BLB resistentes a doenças da variedade comercial MR219 de alto rendimento por meio de uma abordagem de cruzamento retrocruzamento com ferramenta de apoio de seleção assistida por marcador (MAS). O gene de resistência a BLB de amplo espectro, Xa7 do pai doador IRBB7, foi introgressado no MR219 suscetível (pai recorrente) usando dois marcadores flanqueadores ID7 e ID15. No BC3F4, conseguimos gerar 19 linhagens introgressadas com o gene Xa7 homozigoto e apresentamos características de resistência como genitor doador quando desafiado com Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae por inoculação artificial. O pai recorrente MR219 e a variedade controle, MR263, estavam gravemente infectados pela doença. As linhas melhoradas exibiram características morfológicas e de desempenho de rendimento semelhantes às da variedade elite, MR219. Duas linhas, PB-2-107 e PB-2-34, foram escolhidas como linhas potenciais por causa de seus desempenhos excelentes em comparação com a mãe, MR219. Este estudo demonstra uma história de sucesso de aplicação de MAS no desenvolvimento de linhas de arroz melhoradas com resistência a doenças contra a doença BLB.


Subject(s)
Oryza , Xanthomonas , Plant Diseases/genetics , Disease Resistance/genetics , Plant Breeding
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e249472, 2024. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1364512

ABSTRACT

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat. The fungus is an obligate parasite capable of producing infectious urediniospores. To study the genetic structure of the leaf rust population 20 RAPD primers were evaluated on 15 isolates samples collected in Pakistan. A total of 105 RAPD fragments were amplified with an average of 7 fragments per primer. The number of amplified fragments varied from 1 to 12. GL Decamer L-07 and GL Decamer L-01 amplified the highest number of bands (twelve) and primer GL Decamer A-03 amplified the lowest number of bands i.e one. Results showed that almost all investigated isolates were genetically different that confirms high genetic diversity within the leaf rust population. Rust spores can follow the migration pattern in short and long distances to neighbor areas. Results indicated that the greatest variability was revealed by 74.9% of genetic differentiation within leaf rust populations. These results suggested that each population was not completely identical and high gene flow has occurred among the leaf rust population of different areas. The highest differentiation and genetic distance among the Pakistani leaf rust populations were detected between the leaf rust population in NARC isolate (NARC-4) and AARI-11and the highest similarity was observed between NARC isolates (NARC-4) and (NARC-5). The present study showed the leaf rust population in Pakistan is highly dynamic and variable.


A ferrugem da folha, causada por Puccinia triticina, é a ferrugem mais comum do trigo. O fungo é um parasita obrigatório, capaz de produzir urediniósporos infecciosos. Para estudar a estrutura genética da população de ferrugem da folha, 20 primers RAPD foram avaliados em 15 amostras de isolados coletadas no Paquistão. Um total de 105 fragmentos RAPD foram amplificados com uma média de 7 fragmentos por primer. O número de fragmentos amplificados variou de 1 a 12. GL Decamer L-07 e GL Decamer L-01 amplificaram o maior número de bandas (doze), e o primer GL Decamer A-03 amplificou o menor número de bandas, ou seja, um. Os resultados mostraram que quase todos os isolados investigados eram geneticamente diferentes, o que confirma a alta diversidade genética na população de ferrugem da folha. Os esporos de ferrugem podem seguir o padrão de migração em distâncias curtas e longas para áreas vizinhas. Os resultados indicaram que a maior variabilidade foi revelada por 74,9% da diferenciação genética nas populações de ferrugem. Esses resultados sugeriram que cada população não era completamente idêntica e um alto fluxo gênico ocorreu entre a população de ferrugem da folha de diferentes áreas. A maior diferenciação e distância genética entre as populações de ferrugem da folha do Paquistão foram detectadas entre a população de ferrugem da folha no isolado NARC (NARC-4) e AARI-11 e a maior similaridade foi observada entre os isolados NARC (NARC-4) e (NARC-5). O presente estudo mostrou que a população de ferrugem da folha no Paquistão é altamente dinâmica e variável.


Subject(s)
Triticum/parasitology , Biomarkers , Agricultural Pests , Fungi/genetics , Puccinia/genetics
4.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 252-268, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008093

ABSTRACT

The elucidation of resources pertaining to the Chimonanthus praecox varieties and the establishment of a fingerprint serve as crucial underpinnings for advancing scientific inquiry and industrial progress in relation to C. praecox. Employing the SSR molecular marker technology, an exploration of the genetic diversity of 175 C. praecox varieties (lines) in the Yanling region was conducted, and an analysis of the genetic diversity among these varieties was carried out using the UPDM clustering method in NTSYSpc 2.1 software. We analyzed the genetic structure of 175 germplasm using Structure v2.3.3 software based on a Bayesian model. General linear model (GLM) association was utilized to analyze traits and markers. The genetic diversity analysis revealed a mean number of alleles (Na) of 6.857, a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.496 3, a mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.503 7, a mean genetic diversity index of Nei՚s of 0.494 9, and a mean Shannon information index of 0.995 8. These results suggest that the C. praecox population in Yanling exhibits a rich genetic diversity. Additionally, the population structure and the UPDM clustering were examined. In the GLM model, a total of fifteen marker loci exhibited significant (P < 0.05) association with eight phenotypic traits, with the explained phenotypic variation ranging from 14.90% to 36.03%. The construction of fingerprints for C. praecox varieties (lines) was accomplished by utilizing eleven primer pairs with the highest polymorphic information content, resulting in the analysis of 175 SSR markers. The present study offers a thorough examination of the genetic diversity and SSR molecular markers of C. praecox in Yanling, and establishes a fundamental germplasm repository of C. praecox, thereby furnishing theoretical underpinnings for the selection and cultivation of novel and superior C. praecox varieties, varietal identification, and resource preservation and exploitation.


Subject(s)
Bayes Theorem , Biomarkers , Phenotype , Cluster Analysis , Genetic Variation
5.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 272-281, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006293

ABSTRACT

Xiaoyaowan has the effects of soothing the liver, invigorating the spleen, regulating menstruation, and nourishing blood. It is often used to treat the distending pain of the chest and hypochondriac, loss of appetite, dizziness, and irregular menstruation caused by liver depression and spleen deficiency. The formula originated from the Sinisan of Treatise on Cold Damage(《伤寒论》) in the Han dynasty and was officially formulated in the Song dynasty's Taiping Royal Prescriptions(《太平惠民合计局方》). In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was developed into more comprehensive formulas such as modified Bazhentang, modified Xiaoyaowan, and other formulas. In recent years, Xiaoyaowan has become a classic formula for treating many symptoms of liver depression. The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(《中华人民共和国药典》), 2020 edition, records Xiaoyaowan and modified Xiaoyaowan. Modern clinical research has further expanded the therapeutic range of this formula. Through literature research, it is found that there are certain reports on the clinical application and quality analysis of Xiaoyaowan, but the relevant literature lacks collation so far. Therefore, relevant literature was consulted and sorted out. The paper summarized the treatment of mammary hyperplasia, depression, irregular menstruation, melasma, menopausal syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome with Xiaoyaowan, as well as the quality analysis of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, and glycyrrhizinic acid of Xiaoyaowan. It is expected to lay a foundation for further research on clinical application, pharmacodynamic mechanism, and quality control of this classic formula.

6.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 134-142, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006278

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Pinellia ternata germplasm resources and provide the basis for germplasm identification, variety breeding, and resource conservation. MethodIn this study, 27 P. ternata were used as experimental materials to determine seven phenotypic characters, such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers were designed based on P. ternata transcriptome data, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed on 27 P. ternata samples. The genetic diversity of P. ternata germplasm was analyzed by POPGENE32, PowerMarker V3.25, and NTSYS-PC 2.10e software. ResultA total of 10 pairs of highly polymorphic primers (PIC>0.5) and four pairs of moderately polymorphic primers (0.25<PIC<0.5) were selected. The average number of alleles detected was 3.928 6, and the average Nei's diversity index (H) and Shannon's index (I) were 0.557 8 and 1.002 9, respectively, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. Cluster analysis divided the Pinellia ternata into seven categories, and P. ternata in the same province were in the same categories. The SSR molecular ID cards of 27 P. ternata germplasm were constructed with 14 pairs of primers, and the rapid identification of P. ternata in each region was realized. ConclusionThe results of this study can lay a foundation for the genetic diversity and population structure of P. ternata and provide a scientific basis for the identification of P. ternata germplasm resources, map construction, and molecular-assisted breeding.

7.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 124-132, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1003774

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo analyze the antidepressant quality markers(Q-Marker) of Bupleuri Radix(BP) before and after vinegar-processing by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the chemical basis of raw and vinegar-processed products of BP, and principal component analysis(PCA) orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to identify the differential components in BP that changed significantly before and after vinegar-processing, which were regarded as candidate quality markers(Q-Marker). Then the disease-drug-component-target network related to antidepressant effect of BP was constructed by network pharmacology, and the antidepressant Q-Marker of raw and vinegar-processed products of BP was determined. Rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, fluoxetine group(2.67 mg·kg-1) and total saponin group(0.72 mg·kg-1), except the blank group, rats in the other groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS). Three weeks after the start of modeling, rats in each administration group were given the corresponding dose of drugs once a day for 4 weeks, and rats in the blank and model groups were given normal saline with dose of 10 mL·kg-1. At 1 day before modeling, 21 days and 28 days after administration, body mass weighing, sucrose preference test and open field test were performed on each group . After 28 days of administration, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β), forkhead box transcription factor O3a(FoxO3a) and β-catenin in hippocampal tissues of rats in each group, while protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and FoxO3a in hippocampal tissues of rats in each group were detected by Western blot. ResultThere were 19 components in BP showed significant changes before and after vinegar-processing, and 9 components such as saikosaponin A, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2, saikosaponin C and saikosaponin D were identified as potential Q-Marker through S-plot differential marker screening. Combined with the disease-drug-component-target network, saikosaponin A, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2 and saikosaponin D were identified as antidepressant Q-Marker of raw and vinegar-processed products of BP. According to the results of pharmacodynamic tests, after 28 d of administration, compared with the blank group, the body mass, sucrose preference index and open field total score of rats in model group, fluoxetine group and total saponin group decreased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the body mass, sucrose preference index and open field total score in total saponin group increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and β-catenin in hippocampus of rats in the model group decreased significantly(P<0.05), while mRNA expression levels of GSK-3β and FoxO3a increased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and β-catenin in hippocampus of rats in the total saponin group were increased significantly(P<0.05), while mRNA expression levels of GSK-3β and FoxO3a decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the protein expression levels of Akt and mTOR in hippocampus of the model group decreased significantly(P<0.01), while the protein expression levels of PI3K and FoxO3a increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression level of Akt in hippocampus of the total saponin group increased significantly(P<0.01), the mTOR expression level was increased but not statistically significant, while the protein expression levels of PI3K and FoxO3a decreased significantly(P<0.01). ConclusionThe chemical constituents of BP changed greatly after vinegar-processing, and the antidepressant Q-Marker of raw and vinegar-processed products of BP was determined by chemical basis, pharmacodynamics, network pharmacology and signaling pathway, which provided a reference for further research on quality control, pharmacodynamic substance basis and processing mechanism of BP.

8.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 246-257, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1016485

ABSTRACT

Depression is a kind of complex mental illness, which is mainly treated by western medicine at present, but the effect of western antidepressant drugs is not good due to the combined influence of side effects and individual differences of patients. Depression is a "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine, and its treatment principle is to disperse stagnated liver Qi for relieving Qi stagnation. The classic traditional Chinese medicine formula Chaihu Shugansan (CHSGS) has a long history of treating depression and demonstrates significant therapeutic efficacy. Clinically, the addition and subtraction of CHSGS is flexible, but the properties of the active ingredients are vague, and the mechanism and function are unclear. In order to elucidate the pharmacodynamic basis and antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS, this article reviews the pharmacodynamic material basis of CHSGS, clinical research and antidepressant mechanism research progress. Clinically, CHSGS can treat various types of depression such as primary depression, post-stroke depression, and postpartum depression. This article summarizes 32 main ingredients of CHSGS, among which albiflorin, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, saikosaponin a, glycyrrhetinic acid, tangeretin, meranzin hydrate, nobiletin and glycyrrhizic acid are the quality markers (Q-markers) for the antidepressant effect of CHSGS. The antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS is complex, including regulating monoamine neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotrophic factors, inflammatory response, cell damage-related pathways, oxidative stress, etc. This article helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of CHSGS in treating depression, and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of CHSGS in treating depression and the development of antidepressant drugs.

9.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 560-565, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012573

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To extract and isolate the four chemical components of Yao medicine Ventilago leiocarpa, and to conduct identification and content determination for them. METHODS The chemical components of V. leiocarpa were separated and purified by solvent extraction, extraction, silica gel column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography; then the chemical structures of four isolated compounds were identified based on their spectral data. The contents of four components were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method, with the following chromatographic conditions: chromatographic column was Echway GowonTM C18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid for gradient elution; the detection wavelength was 269 nm, and the column temperature was 25 ℃ . Using emodin as internal reference, the relative correction factors (fi/s) between emodin and the other 3 components were established and used to calculate the content. At the same time, the content of each component was calculated with the external standard method (ESM), and the differences between these two methods were compared. RESULTS Four compounds were isolated from V. leiocarpa, and they were identified as emodin, frangulin A, pleuropyrone A, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside. The result of HPLC-QAMS showed that the fi/s of pleuropyrone A, emodin-8-O-β-D- glucoside and frangulin A were 1.147 2, 0.874 7 and 0.644 4, respectively. The content of these four components was measured as a good linearity (r≥0.999 6); relative standard deviation (RSD) of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.00%, and average recoveries were E-mail:dearhuangjianyou@126.com 99.41%-100.46%(RSD≤2.05%). There was no significant difference between QAMS method and ESM (RSD<3.00%). CONCLUSIONS Emodin, frangulin A, pleuropyrone A and emodin- 8-O-β-D-glucoside are isolated from V. leiocarpa; among them, the last three components are all isolated from for the first time. The established HPLC-QAMS method is accurate and reliable for the determination of 4 components in V. leiocarpa, and can used for quality control of V. leiocarpa.

10.
Organ Transplantation ; (6): 185-190, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012487

ABSTRACT

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China. Studies have shown that more than 50% of patients with colorectal cancer will experience metastasis. After systematic treatment, patients with resectable colorectal cancer could obtain favorable 5-year survival rate. However, patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis constantly obtain poor prognosis. In spite of the development of medical treatment, patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis can be treated by multiple approaches, such as interventional therapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy, clinical efficacy is relatively low. Hence, clinicians divert extensive attention to liver transplantation. Liver transplantation, as an emerging treatment in recent years, is expected to improve clinical prognosis of patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis. In this article, research progress in liver transplantation for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis was reviewed, mainly including the historical overview, recent results, prognostic factors, adaptation criteria, relationship with systemic treatment, liver source shortage and donor allocation, aiming to provide reference for liver transplantation for patients with colorectal liver metastasis.

11.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469251

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the major rice diseases in Malaysia. This disease causes substantial yield loss as high as 70%. Development of rice varieties which inherited BLB resistant traits is a crucial approach to promote and sustain rice industry in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims were to enhance BLB disease resistant characters of high yielding commercial variety MR219 through backcross breeding approach with supporting tool of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Broad spectrum BLB resistance gene, Xa7 from donor parent IRBB7 were introgressed into the susceptible MR219 (recurrent parent) using two flanking markers ID7 and ID15. At BC3F4, we managed to generate 19 introgressed lines with homozygous Xa7 gene and showed resistant characteristics as donor parent when it was challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae through artificial inoculation. Recurrent parent MR219 and control variety, MR263 were found to be severely infected by the disease. The improved lines exhibited similar morphological and yield performance characters as to the elite variety, MR219. Two lines, PB-2-107 and PB-2-34 were chosen to be potential lines because of their outstanding performances compared to parent, MR219. This study demonstrates a success story of MAS application in development of improved disease resistance lines of rice against BLB disease.


Resumo A mancha bacteriana das folhas (BLB) é uma das principais doenças do arroz na Malásia. Essa doença causa perdas substanciais de rendimento de até 70%. O desenvolvimento de variedades de arroz que herdaram características de resistência ao BLB é uma abordagem crucial para promover e sustentar a indústria do arroz na Malásia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi aumentar os caracteres BLB resistentes a doenças da variedade comercial MR219 de alto rendimento por meio de uma abordagem de cruzamento retrocruzamento com ferramenta de apoio de seleção assistida por marcador (MAS). O gene de resistência a BLB de amplo espectro, Xa7 do pai doador IRBB7, foi introgressado no MR219 suscetível (pai recorrente) usando dois marcadores flanqueadores ID7 e ID15. No BC3F4, conseguimos gerar 19 linhagens introgressadas com o gene Xa7 homozigoto e apresentamos características de resistência como genitor doador quando desafiado com Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae por inoculação artificial. O pai recorrente MR219 e a variedade controle, MR263, estavam gravemente infectados pela doença. As linhas melhoradas exibiram características morfológicas e de desempenho de rendimento semelhantes às da variedade elite, MR219. Duas linhas, PB-2-107 e PB-2-34, foram escolhidas como linhas potenciais por causa de seus desempenhos excelentes em comparação com a mãe, MR219. Este estudo demonstra uma história de sucesso de aplicação de MAS no desenvolvimento de linhas de arroz melhoradas com resistência a doenças contra a doença BLB.

12.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(5): 414-422, Sept.-Oct. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528001

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To assess olfactory functions (threshold, identification, and hedonic valence) of depressed subjects before and after an 8-week trial of escitalopram and compare the results of responders and nonresponders. Methods: Fifty-two depressed subjects were recruited. Participants received escitalopram and were evaluated at two visits: baseline (V0) and week 8 (V8). They were categorized as responders (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] score reduction of > 50%) or nonresponders to treatment. Participants were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) at V0 and, at V0 and V8, completed psychometric and olfactory assessments, including MADRS and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), as well as the Sniffin' Sticks® test (threshold and identification tasks). The hedonic valence of smell was assessed on a 10-cm linear scale after presenting two pleasant and two unpleasant odors. Forty-three participants completed the study (24 responders and 19 nonresponders). The Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare olfactory, clinical, and demographic variables between groups and within the same group at V0 and V8. The Spearman coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between clinical characteristics and olfactory variables. Results: The hedonic score of pleasant odors increased significantly between V0 and V8 only for responders (V = 61.5, p = 0.018), with no significant change in nonresponders (V = 90.5, p = 0.879). Comparison of olfactory performances between groups at V0 and V8 separately did not show a significant difference between responders and nonresponders to escitalopram. Olfactory threshold and identification scores were not different between V0 and V8 for responders or nonresponders. Conclusion: Depressed subjects have olfactory anhedonia, which appears to regress following a positive antidepressant response. Hedonic valence may be an indicator of cognitive changes associated with depression; improvement of this valence may indicate a clinical response to antidepressants.

13.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-221461

ABSTRACT

Language acquisition entails the acquisition of several crucial linguistic components like phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Individual elements merge seamlessly with each other giving birth to insightful communication whenever needed. Among these varied but fundamental aspects necessary for any competent communicator, is adding on the vital aspect of tense marking appropriately into conversations or text rendering accurately when an event occurred or will occur. We must appreciate this pivotal role played by acquiring fiuency in using verb tenses by young children seeking effective communication alongside understanding its importance a bit more in the language development process. The study attempts to investigate the acquisition of tense markers in typical children speaking Hindi with the goal of assessing data from children in the age range of 6-8 years. Results suggested that tense markers increased with age. Almost half of the tense markers were not fully acquired by the age of 8 years. The research also analysed various studies that uphold the findings.

14.
BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 34(1): 47-56, July 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447499

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT One of the greatest challenges facing humanity is the development of sustainable strategies to ensure food availability in response to population growth and climate change. One approach that can contribute to increase food security is to close yield gaps and enhancing genetic gain; to such end, what is known as "molecular breeding" plays a fundamental role. Since a crop breeding program is mainly based on the quality of the germplasm, its detailed genetic characterization is mandatory to ensure the efficient use of genetic resources and accelerating development of superior varieties. Deep genotyping is an essential tool for a comprehensive characterization of the germplasm of interest and, fortunately, the technology is now accessible at a reasonable cost. What must be ensured is the correct interpretation of the genotypic information and on that basis develop efficient practical molecular crop breeding strategies that respond to the real needs of the breeding program.


RESUMEN Uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta la humanidad es el desarrollo de estrategias sostenibles para asegurar la disponibilidad de alimentos en respuesta al crecimiento de la población y el cambio climático. Un enfoque que puede contribuir a aumentar la seguridad alimentaria es cerrar las brechas de rendimiento y mejorar la ganancia genética; para tal fin, lo que se conoce como "mejoramiento molecular" juega un papel fundamental. Dado que un programa de mejoramiento de cultivos se basa principalmente en la calidad del germoplasma, su caracterización genética detallada es fundamental para garantizar el uso eficiente de los recursos genéticos y acelerar el desarrollo de variedades superiores. La genotipificación profunda es una herramienta esencial para una caracterización integral del germoplasma de interés y, afortunadamente, en la actualidad se puede acceder a la tecnología a un costo razonable. Lo que debe asegurarse es la interpretación correcta de la información genotípica y sobre esa base desarrollar estrategias eficientes y prácticas de mejoramiento molecular de cultivos que respondan a las necesidades reales del programa de mejoramiento.

15.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2023 Jun; 66(2): 295-300
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-223435

ABSTRACT

Background: Identification of plasma cells into abnormal (APC) and normal (NPC) compartments is of utmost importance in flow cytometric (FC) analysis of multiple myeloma (MM) and related plasma cell dyscrasias for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up. No single phenotypic marker is sufficient to distinguish NPC from APC. Materials and Methods: 43 newly diagnosed cases of MM and 13 controls were included in the study. Bone marrow (BM) samples from the 2nd pass were processed on the same day with antibodies against CD38, CD138, CD19, CD81, CD45, CD117, CD200, CD56, cytoKappa, and cytoLambda in a 4-color experiment with CD38 and CD138 as gating antibodies. Results: Mean APC% in cases was 96.5%. The expected Immunophenotype (IP) of APC which is CD19-/56+/45-/81-/117+/200+ was found in only 13/43 MM cases. In 30/43 cases, APC revealed deviation from expected IP either for single or a combination of markers. Sensitivity for APC detection was highest for CD19 (95.2%) followed by CD56 (90.4%) and CD81 (83.7%). Specificity was highest for CD19 (100%), CD56 (100%), and CD81 (100%) followed by CD117 (92.3%). Combination of markers with maximum sensitivity to detect APC (97.6%) was CD81- or CD19- and CD200+ or CD56+ (two markers); and for NPC (92.3%) was CD81+ and CD19+ and CD56- (three markers). Conclusion: Plasma cell IP can be highly variable with multiple minor subpopulations in both cases and normal controls. CD 19 and CD56 are highly informative markers for a 4-color experiment. Assessment of multiple markers in an 8–10 color experiment is more informative but the lack of advanced flow cytometers should not limit the use of FC in a 4-color approach. Our results emphasize that even basic equipment with limited fluorochrome can provide meaningful information if used appropriately.

16.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218507

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Oral cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide constitutes a major public health problem and is one of the leading cancer sites among men and women in India. Increased uptake of glucose in cancer cells are mediated by glucose transporters. Among 14 isoforms of glucose transporters, Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) isoform expression predominate Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aim: To emphasize the expression of GLUT-1 in OSCC and to assess its role in tumor progression and prognosis. Materials and Methods: Hand searching and electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, Google scholar and Science- Direct were done for mesh terms such as OSCC, GLUT-1, prognosis, tumor markers, prognostic marker and risk predictor. Studies were pooled and relevant articles were evaluated. Results: Final analysis identified thirteen articles after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies evalu- ated 926 OSCC cases and 70 healthy controls for GLUT-1 immunoexpression. The data was extracted and evaluated manu- ally. GLUT-1 expression was found to be elevated in OPMDs and OSCC than in healthy controls. The pattern of expression of GLUT-1, its correlation with clinico-pathological features, role in tumour progression and prognosis, expression in tumor invasive front, correlation with other markers and role in therapeutics are also discussed in detail

17.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2023 May; 71(5): 2251-2253
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-225062

ABSTRACT

Insufficient pupillary dilatation is a significant challenge during cataract surgery, as it increases the risk of various intraoperative complications. Implantation of toric intraocular lenses (TIOL) is particularly difficult in eyes with small pupils, as the toric marks are provided in the periphery of the IOL optic, making the visualization of the same difficult for proper alignment. Attempts at visualizing these marks using a second instrument such as a dialler or iris retractor lead to additional manipulations in the anterior chamber resulting in increased chances of postoperative inflammation and intraocular pressure rise. A new intraocular lens (IOL) marker to guide the implantation of TIOLs in eyes with small pupils is described, which can potentially be beneficial in achieving accurate alignment of toric IOLs in small pupils, without the need for additional manipulations, thus improving safety, efficacy, and success rates of TIOL implantation in these eyes.

18.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219410

ABSTRACT

Durian is one of the important fruit crops in Southeast Asia with its unique flavor and important economic benefits. Breeding programs have produced hundreds of different cultivars of durian. These cultivars are classified mainly by fruit and flower characteristics, which cannot be observed at the vegetative stage. Therefore, molecular biology is a powerful tool to approach and explore the genetic characteristics of durians. Many studies based on barcoded DNA and molecular markers have been conducted and valuable data have been exploited. Thanks to the advancement of sequencing technology, the plastid genome and the whole genome were sequenced in some durian cultivars. The data revealed reliable data on the structure and function of several genes. This review aims to update recent studies on the durian genome attributes and potential applications in the conservation of germplasm, authentication, and exploration of the gene structure and function of this specialty plant.

19.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 518-521, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440302

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: S100 proteins belong group of calcium-binding proteins and are present in physiological intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities, such as cell differentiation, and act in inflammatory and neoplastic pathological processes. Recently, its expressions in the nervous system have been extensively studied, seeking to elucidate its action at the level of the thalamus: A structure of the central nervous system that is part of important circuits, such as somatosensory, behavioral, memory and cognitive, as well as being responsible for the transmission and regulation of information to the cerebral cortex. This article is an integrative review of scientific literature, which analyzed 12 studies present in Pubmed. The analysis showed that the relationship of S100 proteins and the thalamus has been described in neoplastic processes, mental disorders, hypoxia, trauma, stress, infection, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. In summary, it is possible to conclude that this protein family is relevant as a marker in processes of thalamic injury, requiring further studies to better understand its clinical, preclinical meanings and its prognostic value.


Las proteínas S100 pertenecen al grupo de proteínas fijadoras de calcio y están presentes en actividades reguladoras fisiológicas intracelulares y extracelulares, como la diferenciación celular, y actúan en procesos patológicos inflamatorios y neoplásicos. Recientemente, sus expresiones en el sistema nervioso han sido ampliamente estudiadas, buscando dilucidar su acción a nivel del tálamo: una estructura del sistema nervioso central que forma parte de importantes circuitos, como el somatosensorial, conductual, de memoria y cognitivo, así como además de ser responsable de la transmisión y regulación de la información a la corteza cerebral. Este artículo es una revisión integradora de la literatura científica, que analizó 12 estudios presentes en Pubmed. El análisis mostró que la relación de las proteínas S100 y el tálamo ha sido descrita en procesos neoplásicos, trastornos mentales, hipoxia, trauma, estrés, infección, enfermedad de Parkinson y epilepsia. En resumen, es posible concluir que esta familia de proteínas es relevante como marcador en procesos de lesión talámica, requiriendo más estudios para comprender mejor su significado clínico, preclínico y su valor pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thalamus/metabolism , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Biomarkers , Diencephalon/metabolism
20.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2023 Mar; 71(3): 1057
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-224925

ABSTRACT

Background: Toric Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are supposed to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle?free vision for distance. The evolution of topographers and optical biometers has made it quite achievable for us to aim the target. However, the result sometimes remains unpredictable. A big aspect of this depends on the preop axis marking for toric IOL alignment. Errors in axis marking have been reduced recently with the array of different toric markers in the market, but still we see postoperative refractive surprises due to faulty marking. Purpose: In this video, we present a novel slit lamp–based toric marker innovation, STORM, which gives us a hands?free approach to a reliable and accurate axis marking on the cornea. The axis marker is a simple modification to our age?old marker, with the advantage of no touch and slit?lamp assistance, which will make it error free and easy to use. Synopsis: The present innovation answers the problem statement of stable, economical, and accurate marking solution. Many a times, hand?holding devices create inaccurate and stressed condition while marking the cornea before corneal surgery. Highlights: The invention can be used for marking of accurate and easy astigmatic axis of a toric IOL preoperatively, that is, before the surgery. If the appropriate device is used to mark the cornea, it would impact the outcome of surgery. This device also makes the patient and the surgeon comfortable to mark the cornea with accuracy and without hesitation

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