Factores que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor de los negocios al detal y supermercados en el Caribe colombiano / Factors influencing the behavior of retail stores and supermarkets' consumers in the Colombian Caribbean / Fatores que influenciam no comportamento do consumidor de empresas de varejo e supermercados na região do Caribe colombiano

Resumen Introducción. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de investigación relacionados con los factores que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor: cómo es su decisión de compra, preferencias a la hora de realizar su compra, gustos y preferencias, si encuentra en cada uno de los establecimientos los productos que necesita, cómo lo quiere, y si prefieren comprar en las tiendas de barrio y supermercados. Objetivo. Analizar preferencias, edad, gustos, necesidades, opiniones, estrato y estilos de vida para la toma de decisiones. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó estudio descriptivo, con muestreo estratificado, aplicando encuesta a consumidores objeto de estudio, se corroboró con entrevistas a empresarios. Resultados. La investigación permitió conocer los factores socioculturales, preferencias, edad, gustos, necesidades, opiniones, estrato, que incidieron en la toma de decisiones de consumir en las tiendas de barrio y supermercados. Corroborando que el 62,9%, sí compra en las tiendas de barrio, por cercanía, facilidad de crédito, atención personalizada, productos ofrecidos al detal, amistades con los amigos que se crían en el mismo barrio y desean socializar en las tiendas. El 56,3% manifestó que no cambiaría la tienda por el supermercado por nivel de ingreso. Un 52,7%, por variedad de productos, prefieren hacer un mercado quincenal. Conclusión. Se concluye la hipótesis inicial que el principal motivo es porque prefieren comprar en las tiendas de barrio por la diversidad, precio y localización.

Abstract Introduction: This paper shows the results of a research work related to the factors that influence consumer behavior: How is their purchase decision, what their preferences are when making their purchase, what their tastes and preferences are, if they find in each of the establishments the products they need, how they want them, and if they prefer to buy in neighborhood stores and supermarkets. Objective: Analyze preferences, age, tastes, needs, opinions, stratum and lifestyles for decision making. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out, with stratified sampling, applying a survey to the consumers under study, corroborated with interviews with businesspeople. Results: The research allowed to know the sociocultural factors, preferences, age, tastes, needs, opinions, and stratum that influenced the decision-making to consume in neighborhood stores and supermarkets. It was corroborated that 62.9% buy in neighborhood stores due to credit facility, personalized attention, products offered at retail, friendship with people who are raised in the same neighborhood and the desire to socialize in stores. 56.3% said they would not change the store for the supermarket due to income level. For reasons of variety of products, 52.7% prefer to make a fortnightly grocery purchase. Conclusion: The initial hypothesis is confirmed. The main reason why consumers prefer to buy in neighborhood stores is because of the diversity, price and location.

Resumo Introdução. Este artigo mostra os resultados de um trabalho de pesquisa relacionados com os fatores que influenciam no comportamento do consumidor: como é sua decisão da compra, preferências na hora de realizar a sua compra, gostos e preferências, se o consumidor encontra em cada um dos estabelecimentos os produtos que precisa, como querem eles, e se preferem comprar nas lojas do bairro e supermercados. Objetivo. Analisar preferências, idade, gostos, necessidades, opiniões, estrato e estilos de vida para a tomada de decisões. Materiais e métodos Foi realizado estudo descritivo, com amostragem estratificada, aplicando uma sondagem aos consumidores objeto de estudo, foi corroborado com entrevistas aos empresários. Resultados. A pesquisa permitiu conhecer os fatores socioculturais, preferências, idade, gostos, necessidades, opiniões, estrato, que influenciaram na tomada de decisões de consumir nas loj as do bairro e supermercados. Corroborando que o 62,9% compram nas loj as do bairro, pela proximidade, a facilidade de crédito, a atenção personalizada, pelos produtos oferecidos no varejo, amizades com os amigos que são criados no mesmo bairro e desejam socializar nas lojas. O 56,3% disseram que não mudariam a loja pelo supermercado pelo nível do ingresso. O 52,7% pela variedade dos produtos, preferem fazer o mercado quinzenal. Conclusão. Conclui-se que a hipótese inicial que o principal motivo é porque preferem comprar nas lojas do bairro pela diversidade, preço e localização.

Marketing y su aplicabilidad en enfermeras de Saltillo, México / Marketing and its applicability in nurses in Saltillo, Mexico / Marketing e a sua aplicabilidade em enfermeiros de Saltillo no México / Le marketing et son applicabilité par le personnel infirmiers de Saltillo, au Mexique

Resumen Objetivo: Establecer el grado de conocimiento de las enfermeras(os) saltillenses sobre la mercadotecnia sanitaria y determinar los niveles de aplicabilidad en su ejercicio profesional. Materiales y métodos: Estudio exploratorio cuantitativo transversal, aplicando un instrumento a 100 enfermeras(os). Se utiliza un instrumento usado por Priego-Álvarez en un estudio similar en Tabasco, México. Se realiza un análisis comparativo en porcentajes de las respuestas con el programa de IBM SPSS y análisis de Ji cuadrada de Pearson. Resultados: Un porcentaje importante de las enfermeras(os) entrevistadas conoce y aplica los conceptos de mercadotecnia en la práctica de su profesión. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la mercadotecnia en el ejercicio profesional de la enfermería tiende a ser limitado pues la mayoría se considera otorgadora de cuidados.

Abstract Objective: To establish the degree of knowledge of the nurses (s) of Saltillo on health marketing and determine the levels of applicability in their professional practice. Materials and methods: It is an exploratory, quantitative cross-sectional study, applying an instrument to 100 nurses. An instrument used by Priego- Álvarez is used in a similar study in Tabasco, Mexico. A comparative analysis was performed in percentages of the answers with the IBM SPSS program and Pearson's Chi-square analysis. Results: An important percentage of the interviewed nurses does know or apply marketing concepts in the practice of their profession. Conclusions: The application of marketing in the professional practice of nursing tends to be limited because the majority is considered to be a caregiver.

Resumo Objetivo: Estabelecer o grau de conhecimento do (s) enfermeiro (s) de San Salvador sobre o marketing em saúde e determinar os níveis de aplicabilidade na sua prática profissional. Materiais e métodos: Estudo exploratório, quantitativo e transversal, aplicando um instrumento em 100 enfermeiros (os). O instrumento utilizado foi o Priego-Álvarez, usado num estudo similiar em Tabasco, México. Com base no no programa IBM SPSS, realizou-se uma análise comparativa e uma análise Chi-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Uma grande percentage de enfermeiros conhece e aplica os conceitos de marketing na sua prática profissonal. Conclusoes: A aplicaςáo do marketing na prática profissional de enfermagem tende a ser limitada porque a maioriados enfermeiros se consideram apenas cuidadores.

Résumé Objectif: niveau de connaissance du personnel infirmier de Saltillo sur le marketing de la santé et déterminer les niveaux de son applicabilité dans la pratique professionnelle. Matériels et méthodes: Étude transversale, quantitative et exploratoire. Un instrument -utilisé par Priego-Álvarez dans une étude similaire réalisée a Tabasco, au Mexique- a été appliqué a 100 infirmiers ou infirmieres. Une analyse comparative des pourcentages de réponses a été réalisée avec le programme IBM SPSS ainsi que le test du khi-carré de Pearson. Résultats: Un pourcentage important du personnel infirmier interrogé connait ou applique les concepts du marketing dans l'exercice de sa profession. Conclusions: L'application du marketing dans la pratique professionnelle du personnel infirmier a tendance a etre limitée par le fait que, en majorité, il se considere dispensateur de soins.

Market Research and Comparative Study on Genuine and Conventionally Used Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix / 中国中医药信息杂志

Through detailed investigation of the market circulation of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix, at the same time, this article collected relevant articles, conducted comparative study on genuine and conventionally used Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix from the aspects of textual research, functions, chemical composition and pharmacological effect, and discussed the results of the study.

Post market Research of Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs: Metformin, Glipizide, and Pioglitazone.

The aims of this study were to document the post market research of the pharmaceutical industry and the effects of labeling revisions on post market studies and outcomes of oral anti-diabetics. A literature search identified post market studies of metformin, glipizide, and pioglitazone. Labeling revisions in MedWatch® were collected as indicators of the FDA’s response to post market drug safety. Data were analyzed by comparing industry and non-industry sponsored studies for the number of pre- and post-market studies, study sponsorship, drug labeling revisions, and outcomes after the drugs became generic. The number of industry versus non-industry sponsored studies was 149 (49%) and 155 (51%) for metformin; 33 (44%) and 42 (56%) for glipizide; and 85 (80.2%) versus 21 (19.8%) for pioglitazone. The differences in favorable results between industry and non-industry sponsored studies were similar for metformin and glipizide. The number of industry-sponsored studies with favorable results did not significantly increase after metformin or glipizide became generic. Studies sponsored by the manufacturer of glipizide reported significantly more favorable outcomes in comparison to studies sponsored by industry competitors (90% favorable, 10% neutral, 0% unfavorable, P < 0.05). For pioglitazone, significantly more favorable results were reported in industry-sponsored studies (88.2%) as compared to non-industry (66.7%) (p = 0.008) sponsored studies. A significant correlation exists between the number of pioglitazone’s labeling revisions and the number of post market studies (p = 0.008). Post market research is guided by the pharmaceutical industry and by individual researchers’ interests. Pharmaceutical industry-sponsored studies support the favorable use of the patented drug and show unfavorable results of the generic equivalent. A possible correlation exists between drug labeling revisions and the number of post market studies.

DIAGNÓSTICO PRELIMINAR DE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DEL CHIGÜIRO (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) EN LATINOAMÉRICA CON ÉNFASIS EN COLOMBIA / PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS OF THE PRODUCTION AND TRADE OF CAPYBARA (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) IN LATIN AMERICA WITH EMPHASIS IN COLOMBIA

A través de una revisión bibliográfica, se realizó una aproximación diagnóstica de la producción y comercialización de Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en Brasil, Argentina, Venezuela y Colombia. Se determinaron los factores que afectan la producción y comercialización de la especie, y mediante un análisis de conglomerados basado en la información correspondiente al sistema productivo, se identificaron seis grupos de sistemas, que responden a las similitudes en aspectos relevantes de cada región, como los diferentes sistemas de uso del chigüiro, desde la caza comercial hasta la zoocría en cautiverio, las condiciones de desarrollo tecnológico y de manejo de la especie. Al realizar el análisis de los aspectos de comercialización, se identificaron cuatro grupos, los cuales corresponden a las similitudes entre productos comercializados, legalidad de la comercialización y existencia de cadenas de mercadeo. Específicamente para Colombia, se realizaron encuestas y talleres con algunos actores involucrados con el uso de la especie, aplicando la matriz tipo Vester para identificar la problemática y priorizarla. Se establecieron como problemáticas principales la falta de personal especializado, el deficiente acompañamiento institucional y la rigidez de la legislación en lo referente a las plantas de sacrificio y a la comercialización de productos. Por último, se identificaron líneas de acción que se deben desarrollar para lograr establecer un sistema de aprovechamiento, que ofrezca garantías para el uso, comercialización y conservación de la especie en el país.

A bibliographic search was carried out in order to establish a diagnostic approach on the production and trade of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and Colombia. The factors affecting production and trade of the species were determined using an analysis of conglomerate wich identified six groups of production systems. This groups responds to the similarities in several relevant aspects in every region, such as the different systems of breeding, from commercial hunting to breeding in captivity. It also responds to the conditions of technological development and the management of the species. We identified 4 groups related to trade aspects. The associations are related to the similarities among trading products, legal trading and trading channels as well. A survey and workshops were done in Colombia with some actors involved in the use of the species. Data was analyzed using the matrix of Vester in order to identify and give priority to the problems. The main problems identified were the lack of specialized staff, the deficient institutional support and the rigidity of the legislation related to abattoirs and trading of products. Finally, lines of action where identified that are needed to develop in order to establish a production system that offers guarantees of use, trade and conservation of the species in our country.

Market research on home medical device in Beijing / 医疗卫生装备

An investigation on the consumer and manufacturer of home medical device as well as doctors is carried out with an aim to analyze the current situation of home medical device in Beijing.Based on the method of market research,this issue is approached from such four aspects as popularity,demand,purchase,and usage respectively.The results reveal the distribution of different types of home medical devices and distinctive features represented in the process of purchasing among different age groups.Finally,some suggestions and speculation about the future development of home medical device in this area are proposed.