Impacto de la maestría en la formación investigativa de sus egresados a través de sus publicaciones / The Master's Degree in Research Training's Impact on its Graduates, Analyzed through their Publications

Introducción: La Maestría en Investigación en Aterosclerosis constituye una propuesta académica para elevar la calidad de la formación en salud sobre la base de métodos de investigación y aterosclerosis. Evaluar el impacto de su formación científica, evidenciará la relación causa-efecto entre la acción de superación y el comportamiento en el desempeño. Existen criterios de medida que sirven para hacerlo. Este trabajo empleó la publicación de artículos científicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la maestría mediante el efecto producido sobre el desempeño investigativo de los graduados, a través de sus publicaciones en revistas científicas. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se buscaron publicaciones de alumnos de tres ediciones en Google Académico. El criterio de desempeño investigativo evaluado fue el de artículos publicados. Se midieron las publicaciones de artículos científicos en cuanto a cantidad, calidad y extensión, en dos etapas; se compararon para medir impacto. Resultados: Se incrementaron significativamente los artículos originales y las revisiones bibliográficas en la segunda etapa. Se identificaron graduados más productivos, más citados, líderes; se publicó más en revistas grupo I. Las palabras clave estaban relacionadas con la aterosclerosis; se hallaron diferentes tipos de colaboración. Conclusiones: El incremento de publicaciones, especialmente artículos científicos con mayor liderazgo y colaboración en los últimos años, de citas y predominio en bases de datos internacionales, fueron muestra de productividad, visibilidad e impacto de la actividad científica(AU)

Introduction: The master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research is an academic proposal to raise the quality of health training based on research methods and atherosclerosis. To assess the impact of scientific training will show the cause-effect relationship between improvement action and performance behavior. There are measurement criteria that serve to this purpose. This work used the publication of scientific articles. Objective: To assess the impact of the master's degree through the effect produced on the research performance of graduates, through their publications in scientific journals. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective bibliometric study was carried out, searching, in Google Scholar, for publications by students from three editions. The assessed research performance criterion was the number of published articles. Publications of scientific articles were measured in terms of quantity, quality and length, in two stages; they were compared to measure impact. Results: Original articles and bibliographic reviews increased significantly in the second stage. More productive and more cited leading graduates were identified; more articles were published in group I journals. The keywords were related to atherosclerosis; different types of collaboration were found. Conclusions: The increase in publications, especially scientific articles with higher leadership and collaboration in recent years, as well as in citations and the predominance of representativeness in international databases, evidenced productivity, visibility and impact of the scientific activity(AU)

Satisfacción con los cursos a distancia de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19 / Satisfaction with the Distance Courses of a master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research during COVID-19

Introducción: La satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a la educación que reciben es un elemento clave en la valoración de la calidad de la educación. La enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 representó una emergencia sanitaria que generó preocupación a nivel mundial por su impacto en la salud, la economía y la educación. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con los cursos a distancia del primer ciclo de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se utilizó una encuesta, que estuvo disponible, al finalizar cada curso, en el Aula Virtual de Salud. Los datos de la encuesta se obtuvieron del AVS, se introdujeron en una base de datos en Excel, y se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: Para todos los cursos los horarios que predominaron fueron en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana y durante la jornada laboral, en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana. Como vías de conexión más utilizadas estuvieron Infomed y los datos móviles. El curso mejor orientado resultó La aterosclerosis, un problema epidemiológico. La evaluación de los aspectos relacionados con el profesor, los contenidos, el material bibliográfico, la comunicación y el aseguramiento tecnológico fue satisfactoria. La computadora y el celular representaron los dispositivos tecnológicos más empleados. Las respuestas en relación con la satisfacción con los cursos se encontraron entre satisfecho y muy satisfecho. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los aspectos evaluados recibieron calificaciones satisfactorias. Como aspecto positivo se destaca el empleo del aula virtual; como negativos, la dificultad con los dispositivos tecnológicos y la conectividad; y como interesantes, la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de habilidades con los cursos a distancia y mejorar la calidad de la conectividad(AU)

Introduction: Student satisfaction with the education that they receive is a key element for education quality assessment. The disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus represented a health emergency that generated worldwide concern due to its impact on health, economy and education. Objective: To assess student satisfaction with the distance courses of the first cycle of a master's degree in atherosclerosis research during COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was used, available in the virtual health classroom at the end of each course. The survey's data were obtained from the virtual health classroom, entered into an Excel database, and processed with the statistical package SPSS (version 20.0) for Windows. Results: For all the courses, the predominant schedules were during out-of-work hours and on weekends and during the working day, during out-of-work hours and on weekends. The most frequently used means of connection were Infomed and mobile data. The best oriented course was Atherosclerosis, an epidemiological problem. The assessment of aspects related to the professor, the contents, the bibliographic material, communication and technological assurance were satisfactory. The computer and the cell phone were the most frequently used technological devices. The responses regarding satisfaction with the courses ranged between satisfied and very satisfied. Conclusions: Most of the assessed aspects received satisfactory ratings. As a positive aspect, the use of the virtual classroom stands out; as a negative one, the difficulty with technological devices and connectivity; and as interesting ones, the acquisition and improvement of skills with distance courses, as well as improving the quality of connectivity(AU)

Satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la maestría "Investigación en aterosclerosis" / Employers' Satisfaction with the Performance of Graduates from a Master's Program about Research in Atherosclerosis

Introducción: Los estudios de empleadores cobran cada vez mayor importancia en el ámbito de la educación superior, a partir de la necesidad institucional de evaluar la pertinencia de sus programas e identificar expectativas de crecimiento, al permitir conocer la existencia de vinculación institucional y desarrollo de sus egresados. Objetivo: Describir la satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la décima edición de la maestría investigación en aterosclerosis. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron los empleadores de los egresados de la última edición terminada. Se les aplicó una encuesta de forma autoadministrada para explorar la satisfacción con el desempeño de los egresados de la maestría. Resultados: El total de los empleadores manifestaron que la maestría respondía a las necesidades asistenciales, docentes e investigativas del centro en el que laboraba el máster; que este aplicaba creativa y críticamente en su práctica diaria los conocimientos adquiridos en el programa de maestría; y que era capaz de diseñar y dirigir proyectos de investigación. El 94,1 por ciento respondió que, después de graduado de la maestría, el máster tenía la capacidad de diseñar y organizar cursos de superación para solucionar problemas de la institución. El 76,5 por ciento contestó que cumplía las expectativas y el 52,9 por ciento que se sentía satisfecho con el desempeño de los egresados. Conclusiones: Los empleadores manifestaron que los egresados satisfacían el perfil declarado en la maestría. Los egresados cumplieron con las expectativas de sus empleadores y los empleadores se encontraron satisfechos con el desempeño de los egresados(AU)

Introduction: Employer surveys are becoming increasingly important in the field of higher education, from the institutional need to evaluate the relevance of their programs and identify growth expectations, by allowing to know the existence of institutional linkage and the development of its graduates. Objective: To describe the satisfaction of employers with the performance of graduates from the tenth edition of a master's program about research in atherosclerosis. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The employers of the graduates from the last completed edition were selected. A self-administered survey was conducted on them to explore satisfaction with the performance of the graduates from the master's program. Results: The whole number of employers stated that the master's degree responded to the care, teaching and research needs of the center where the master's degree holder worked; that he/she applied the knowledge acquired in the master's program creatively and critically in his/her daily practice; and hat he/she was capable of designing and directing research projects. 94.1 percent responded that, after graduating from the master's program, the master's degree holder had the capacity to design and organize professional improvement courses to solve the institutional problems. 76.5 percent answered that the master's degree met the expectations, while 52.9 percent responded that they were satisfied with the performance of the graduates. Conclusions: Employers stated that the graduates met the profile stated in the master's program. The graduates met the expectations of their employers, who were satisfied with the performance of the graduates(AU)

Procedimiento para medir el impacto de los programas de maestría en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas

Introducción: la calidad académica constituye una prioridad en el contexto universitario global contemporáneo. De forma gradual, se aprecia la necesidad de que las universidades evidencien su responsabilidad social por medio de instrumentos que validen su quehacer, donde se exige a dichas instituciones certificar los niveles de calidad en el desarrollo de sus procesos sustantivos como forma de rendir cuentas a la sociedad. Objetivo: diseñar un procedimiento para la medición del impacto de los programas de maestría en la Universidad de Ciencias Médica de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico, que clasifica como un estudio analítico, longitudinal prospectivo, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, entre septiembre de 2019 y mayo de 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. El procedimiento metodológico empleado fue la triangulación. Resultados: se diseñó un procedimiento para medir, de modo integral, el impacto de la formación de los programas de maestrías de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, lo que permitió obtener una vía para la medición de los impactos esperados, conducentes al crecimiento intelectual y profesional de los egresados, que responde al encargo social de la universidad, sus diferentes escenarios laborales y las demandas del sector de la salud en el territorio matancero. Conclusiones: el procedimiento diseñado evidenció la necesidad y pertinencia del mismo, en virtud de la mejora continua del programa y su calidad.

Introduction: academic quality is a priority in the contemporary global university context. Gradually, it is appreciated the need for the universities to show their social responsibility by the way of instruments that validate their work, where these institutions are required to certify the quality levels in the development of their substantive processes as a way of rendering accounts to the society. Objective: to design a procedure for measuring the impact of the master's degree programs at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: a research of technological development, classified as an analytical, longitudinal prospective study, was conducted at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences, between September 2019 and May 2021. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. The methodological procedure used was triangulation. Results: a procedure was designed to measure, in a comprehensive way, the impact of the training of master's degree programs at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. It allowed obtaining a way to measure the expected impacts, leading to the intellectual and professional growth of graduates, which responds to the social responsibility of the university, their different work scenarios and to the demands of the health sector in the territory of Matanzas. Conclusions: the designed procedure evidenced its need and relevance, for the sake of the continuous improvement of the program and its quality.

Orientaciones de las maestrías para profesionales de la salud / Orientations of the Master's Degree courses for health professionals

Introducción: El Reglamento de Educación de Posgrado de la República de Cuba de 2019 abre nuevas respuestas a las necesidades de formación académica de maestría para profesionales de la salud, cuestión pendiente en las áreas asistencial, administrativa y especializada. Esto tributa a la continuidad, pertinencia e interdisciplinariedad de la formación profesional, y a los diseños curriculares de maestría en este sector. Objetivo: Fundamentar las orientaciones que pueden asumir los programas de maestría para profesionales de la salud. Posicionamiento del autor: Se parte de posiciones teórico-metodológicas del proceso pedagógico de posgrado en el área de la salud, de su relación con la actividad laboral que desempeñan sus trabajadores y de la legislación vigente en materia de posgrado en el país, para considerar el sistema de actividades profesionales fundamentales que aseguran el cumplimiento de las misiones de la institución. Esto requiere de una generalización esencial y de abstracción sucesiva, a partir del análisis de las funciones que se desempeñan en los puestos de trabajo y que tributan al cumplimiento de esas misiones. La maestría aporta una amplia y avanzada cultura científica en determinada área del saber, así como mayor capacidad y desarrollo para llevar a cabo las actividades. Esto se reinvierte de forma potenciada en sus desempeños en el puesto de trabajo, y en el desarrollo y cumplimiento de la misión social de la institución. Conclusiones: Las orientaciones de las maestrías para profesionales de la salud son asistencia, investigación, docencia y administración. Independientemente de la orientación que asuma el programa, la investigación continúa siendo esencial(AU)

Introduction: The 2019 regulations on postgraduate education of the Republic of Cuba open new responses to the needs of academic master's degree courses for training health professionals, a pending issue in the healthcare, management and specialization areas. This contributes to the continuity, pertinence and interdisciplinarity of professional training, as well as to the master's degree curricular designs in this sector. Objective: To substantiate the orientations that master's degree programs for health professionals can assume. Author position: The foundations are made up of theoretical-methodological positions corresponding to the postgraduate pedagogical process in the health area, its relation with the occupational activity carried out by health workers, and the currently valid legislation on postgraduate education in the country, in order to consider the system of fundamental professional activities that ensure the fulfillment of institutional missions. This requires an essential generalization and subsequent abstraction, based on the analysis of the occupational functions performed and contributing to the fulfillment of these missions. The master's degree courses provide a broad and advanced scientific culture in a certain field of knowledge, as well as greater capacity and development to carry out activities. This is retrieved in an enhanced way in terms of occupational performance, as well as in the development and fulfillment of the social mission of the institution. Conclusions: The master's degree courses for health professionals are oriented to the healthcare, research, teaching and management scenarios. Regardless of the orientation of the program, research continues to be essential(AU)

Encuestas para evaluar satisfacción con los cursos a distancia de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis / Surveys for assessing satisfaction with the distance learning courses of the Master's Degree in Atherosclerosis Research

Introducción: La COVID-19 provocó que el Ministerio de Educación Superior indicara la suspensión de las actividades docentes de forma presencial. Por esta razón, la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis tuvo que pasar a la virtualidad. Objetivo: Validar el diseño de encuestas para la evaluación de la satisfacción de los maestrantes y profesores con los cursos virtuales de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa que consistió en la revisión de la literatura publicada para analizar la teoría fundamentada en el diseño y la validación de encuesta. Se revisaron las publicaciones a partir de 2017 mediante el motor de búsqueda diseño y validación de instrumentos para evaluar la satisfacción con los cursos virtuales. También se hizo un análisis documental para analizar conceptos clave, ideas sobre los métodos utilizados para la elaboración de este tipo de instrumento; considerar problemáticas y retos de este diseño en otros estudios; y conocer las diferentes maneras de abordar el problema de investigación. Para el diseño de los instrumentos se llevó a cabo un estudio piloto con determinados estudiantes y profesores. Resultados: La encuesta para los estudiantes constó de 12 preguntas; y para los profesores, de 10, los cuales consideraron como satisfactoria su calidad. En el análisis de los resultados por los autores y la valoración global de ambas encuestas realizadas por el grupo de investigación surgieron dos recomendaciones para su perfeccionamiento, que se incluyeron para confeccionar la versión final de cada instrumento. Conclusiones: Ambas encuestas son fácilmente adaptables para utilizarse en otros cursos virtuales y en diferentes entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Los dos instrumentos aportan datos generales, información sobre el profesor, contenido del curso, bibliografía y aseguramiento tecnológico(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 caused the Ministry of Higher Education to indicate the interruption of face-to-face teaching activities. Subsequently, the master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research had to continue in the virtual modality. Objective: To validate survey design for assessing the satisfaction of master's degree students and professors with the virtual courses of the master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research. Methods: A qualitative research was conducted consisting of a review of the published literature to analyze the grounded theory in survey design and validation. Publications from 2017 were reviewed using the search, in which the following text chain was entered: design and validation of instruments to assess satisfaction with virtual courses. A documentary analysis was also conducted to analyze key concepts and ideas about the methods used for the development of this type of instrument, to consider problem situations and challenges of this design in other studies, as well as to learn about the different ways of approaching the research problem. For the design of the instruments, a pilot study was carried out with selected students and teachers. Results: The survey for the students consisted of twelve questions, while the professors had ten. The latter ones considered its quality as satisfactory. In the analysis of the results by authors and the overall assessment of both surveys carried out by the research group, two recommendations for improvement emerged, then included to make the final version of each instrument. Conclusions: Both surveys are easily adaptable for use in other virtual courses and in different virtual learning environments. Both instruments provide general data, information about the teacher, course content, bibliography and technological assurance(AU)

Competencias profesionales del farmacólogo en farmacoepidemiología / The pharmacologist's professional competences in pharmacoepidemiology

Introducción: Los retos y las exigencias del mundo contemporáneo requieren de profesionales de la salud con una formación académica basada en competencias. La especialidad de Farmacología en Cuba no ha definido sus competencias profesionales. Objetivo: Definir las competencias profesionales de los especialistas en Farmacología para su desempeño como farmacoepidemiólogos. Métodos: Estudio de desarrollo en el que se obtuvieron las competencias profesionales genéricas y específicas que los especialistas en Farmacología debían alcanzar para desempeñarse como farmacoepidemiólogos. El trabajo se realizó en La Habana entre marzo de 2018 y febrero de 2019. Se aplicaron técnicas cualitativas y revisiones documentales sobre las temáticas relacionadas con el objeto de la investigación. Se trabajó con dos grupos de expertos en dos etapas. Se empleó la metodología Delphi. Resultados: Se construyeron 24 competencias, genéricas y específicas, de las áreas funcionales asistencial, investigativa, docente y gerencial, que los especialistas en Farmacología debían alcanzar para desempeñarse como farmacoepidemiólogos. Conclusiones: Las competencias definidas permiten al farmacoepidemiólogo lograr un uso racional de los medicamentos, lo cual tributa a su propósito clave: una atención de calidad durante el proceso salud-enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: The challenges and demands of the contemporary world require health professionals with competency-based academic training. The specialty of pharmacology in Cuba has not defined its professional competencies. Objective: To define the professional competences of pharmacology specialists for their performance as pharmacoepidemiologists. Methods: Development study that allowed obtaining the generic and specific professional competences that pharmacology specialists should reach to practice as pharmacoepidemiologists. The work was carried out in Havana between March 2018 and February 2019. Qualitative techniques were applied, together with documental reviews on the topics related to the research object. Two groups of experts participated in the work during two stages. The Delphi methodology was used. Results: Twenty-four competencies, either generic or specific, were determined, belonging to the functional areas of care, research, teaching and management, which pharmacology specialists should achieve to practice as pharmacoepidemiologists. Conclusions: The competencies defined allow the pharmacoepidemiologist to achieve a rational use of drugs, which contributes to the key purpose of the specialized profession: quality care during the health-disease process(AU)

Analysis of the outcome of graduate students of master's degree in hematology under the new "dual track integration" policy / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To analyze the effect of the new "dual track integration" training policy on graduate students of master's degree in hematology. METHODS: The graduate students of master's degree majoring in hematology from January, 2013, to September, 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the "dual track integration" training group and "non-dual track integration" training group. Their health care ethics, basic knowledge in hematology, clinical skills, medical research capabilities, and employment were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences with regard to the health care ethics, and employment by class A tertiary referral hospitals of the dual track group relative to those from the non-dual track group (P>0.05); However, the dual track training group scored much higher on their basic medical knowledge, clinical skills and reasoning than that of the non-dual track training group (P<0.05); The dual track training group published fewer papers than the non-dual track group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The dual track training system enhances significantly clinical skills and basic medical knowledge of graduate students of master's degree. However, more attention needs to be paid to improve their research capabilities.

Application of virtual patient in the reexamination of professional master degree of clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of virtual patient in the reexamination of clinical medical professional masters (hereinafter referred to as "clinical masters"), and to provide reference for the reform of clinical masters reexamination.Methods:The correlation between the clinical thinking scores of 97 candidates (Western medicine) in the reexamination of clinical masters in a university in 2019, the scores of comprehensive ability of clinical medicine (Western medicine) in the initial test and the interview scores in the reexamination was analyzed, and the differences between the clinical thinking scores of current and previous candidates were compared. SPSS 21.0 software was conducted for t test, chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The Person correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the scores of clinical thinking and the scores of comprehensive clinical medicine (Western medicine) and the scores of interview in the reexamination were 0.09 and -0.05 respectively( P>0.05). At the same time, there was no statistically significant difference between the clinical thinking scores of current and previous candidates ( P >0.05). Conclusion:There was a poor correlation between the scores of clinical thinking and the scores of comprehensive clinical medicine (Western medicine) and the scores of interview in the reexamination. The consideration is concerned with the difference in the purpose of the three assessment forms. It can provide references for other medical colleges to optimize the evaluation content of postgraduate reexamination.

Desempeño profesional de egresados de la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología / Professional performance of graduates from the Pharmacoepidemiology Master's Degree Course

Introducción: El seguimiento de los egresados permite conocer su desempeño profesional. Este aspecto no se ha tenido en cuenta en la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desempeño profesional de los egresados de las tres primeras ediciones de la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología entre 2010 y 2018. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 73 egresados. Se midieron las variables: cargo relacionado con la farmacoepidemiología antes y después de la maestría, competencias en el área del conocimiento del programa, realización de actividades de farmacoepidemiología, promoción de cargo, categoría docente y científica, entre otras. Los egresados fueron encuestados por correo electrónico. Resultados: Respondieron la encuesta 52 egresados de los cuales el 57,7 por ciento residía en La Habana. Predominaron las mujeres (69,2 por ciento), la edad entre 41 y 50 años (53,8 por ciento) y los médicos (52 por ciento). La mayoría reconoció la influencia de la maestría para comunicar temas científicos y realizar investigaciones. El 46,2 por ciento trabajaba en farmacoepidemiología después del egreso; el 42,3 por ciento realizaba actividades de farmacoepidemiología como expertos del programa nacional de medicamentos, integraba los comités farmacoterapéuticos en su institución y desarrollaba estudios de utilización de medicamentos, entre otras; el 53,8 por ciento promovió de cargo; el 46,2 por ciento publicó los resultados de su tesis de maestría; y el 38,5 por ciento adquirió categorías docentes. Conclusiones: El desempeño profesional se caracterizó por cambios positivos, de magnitud heterogénea, sobre todo en actividades investigativas, lo que permitió considerar que existió impacto formativo en los egresados. La mayoría no trabajaba en farmacoepidemiología ni realizaba actividades relacionadas, lo que denotó incoordinación entre su formación y su vinculación con áreas de trabajo acordes con su capacitación(AU)

Introduction: Follow-up of graduates allows knowing their professional performance. This aspect has not been taken into account in the Master's Degree Course in Pharmacoepidemiology. Objective: To characterize professional performance of the graduates of the first three editions, between 2010 and 2018, of the Master's Degree Course in Pharmacoepidemiology. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a universe of 73 graduates. The following variables were measured: position related to pharmacoepidemiology before and after the Master's Degree Course, competences in the program's area of knowledge, carrying out pharmacoepidemiology activities, promotion of position, teaching and scientific rank, among others. Graduates were surveyed by email. Results: Fifty-two graduates answered the survey, 57.7 percent of whom live in Havana. There was a predominance of women (69.2 percent), the age group 41-50 years (53.8 percent) and of doctors (52 percent). Most of the respondents recognized the influence of the Master's Degree Course in communicating scientific topics and conducting research. 46.2 percent worked in pharmacoepidemiology after completing the Master's Degree Course; 42.3 percent carried out pharmacoepidemiology activities as experts in the National Drug Program, were members of the pharmacotherapeutic committees at their institution, and developed studies on drug use, among others. 53.8 percent promoted from their positions; 46.2 percent published the results of their master's thesis; and 38.5 percent acquired teaching ranks. Conclusions: Professional performance was characterized by positive changes, of heterogeneous magnitude, especially in research activities, which allowed to consider that there was a training impact on graduates. Most of them did not work in pharmacoepidemiology nor carried out related activities, which denoted lack of coordination between their training and their connection with working areas consistent with their training(AU)

Impacto de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada en la informatización de la salud pública cubana / Master´s degree on Applied Medical Informatics - Its impact on Cuban Public Health informatics system / Impacto do Mestrado em Informática Médica Aplicada na informatização da saúde pública cubana

RESUMEN Introducción: El Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba realiza numerosos esfuerzos por garantizar la informatización de sus procesos, donde la superación profesional representa un eslabón fundamental. La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública implementa la Maestría en Informática en Salud, dirigida a los directivos del sector que participan en el proceso de informatización. Sin embargo, el programa actual no se enfoca hacia el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas de los especialistas informáticos. Objetivo: Diseñar el programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada y evaluar su impacto en el proceso de informatización de la salud pública cubana. Método: Estudio con enfoque mixto, alcance descriptivo, de tipo retrospectivo y diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. Se realizó un análisis documental para fundamentar el diseño del programa académico de la maestría y se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar su impacto en el proceso de informatización de la salud pública cubana, con una muestra aleatoria (n=63). Resultados: Se diseñó el programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada, con una estructura de 78 créditos. Fue coordinado por la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas en colaboración con la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Además, se evaluó su impacto en el proceso de informatización de la salud pública cubana a partir de análisis estadísticos con los datos obtenidos. Conclusiones: El programa implementado es pertinente e impacta en el proceso de informatización de la salud pública cubana, muestra de ello lo constituye las estadísticas de la primera edición en curso de la maestría.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Ministry of Public Health in Cuba is making numerous efforts to embed an informatics infrastructure in all its process where professionals with a high level of knowledge on the subject it´s essential. The National School of Public Health implements the Master's Degree in Health Informatics, aimed at the sector's managers who are involving in the informatics process. However, the current program does not focus on developing the technical skills of computer specialists. Objective: To design the academic program of the Master's Degree in Applied Medical Informatics and to evaluate its impact on the informatics process of Cuban public health. Method: A mixed approach, descriptive, retrospective and non-experimental design, and cross-sectional study, was carried out. A documentary analysis was conducted to support the design of the program and a questionnaire was applied to evaluate its impact on the informatics process of Cuban public health, with a sample randomly selected (n=63). Results: The academic program for the Master's Degree in Applied Medical Informatics was designed with a structure of 78 credits. Created in mutual collaboration between the Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) and the National School of Public Health. In addition, its impact on the informatics process of Cuban Public Health was evaluated on the basis of statistical analysis of data obtained. Conclusions: The program implemented is advisable and its successfully impact on the informatics process of Cuban public health, was reflected in the statistics of the first ongoing edition of the master's program.

RESUMO Introdução: O Ministério de Saúde Pública de Cuba realiza numerosos esforços para garantir a informatização de seus processos, onde o aperfeiçoamento profissional representa um elo fundamental. A Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública implementa o Mestrado em Informática em Saúde, destinado a gestores do setor que participam no processo de informatização. No entanto, o programa atual não se concentra no desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas de especialistas em informática. Objetivo: Desenhar o programa acadêmico do Mestrado em Informática Médica Aplicada e avaliar seu impacto no processo de informatização da saúde pública cubana. Método: Estudo com abordagem mista, âmbito descritivo, tipo retrospectivo e desenho não experimental, transversal. Foi realizada uma análise documental para subsidiar o desenho do programa acadêmico do mestrado e aplicado um questionário para avaliar seu impacto no processo de informatização da saúde pública cubana, com amostra aleatória (n=63). Resultados: Foi elaborado o programa acadêmico do Mestrado em Informática Médica Aplicada, com uma estrutura de 78 créditos. Foi coordenado pela Universidade de Ciências Informáticas em colaboração com a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Além disso, avaliou-se seu impacto no processo de informatização da saúde pública cubana com base em análises estatísticas com os dados obtidos. Conclusões: O programa implantado é relevante e impacta o processo de informatização da saúde pública cubana, exemplo disso são as estatísticas da primeira edição em andamento do mestrado.

Criterios de realización y evidencias para la formación por competencias del farmacólogo en Farmacoepidemiología / Performance criteria and evidence for using the competencies approach in providing the pharmacologist with pharmacoepidemiological training

Introducción: La aplicación del enfoque de competencias incluye los procesos de identificación, normalización, evaluación y certificación. Una vez definidas las competencias deben ser evaluadas. Una investigación realizada en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública definió las competencias profesionales de los especialistas de Farmacología en Farmacoepidemiología. Se conoce que a los especialistas de Farmacología no se les realiza examen de competencias. Objetivos: Determinar los criterios de realización requeridos para alcanzar las competencias profesionales del especialista de Farmacología en Farmacoepidemiología y las evidencias correspondientes para su evaluación. Métodos: Estudio de desarrollo en el que se obtuvieron como producto los criterios de realización necesarios para lograr las competencias profesionales que los especialistas de Farmacología debían alcanzar para desempeñarse como farmacoepidemiólogos y las evidencias para su evaluación posterior. El trabajo se realizó en La Habana entre marzo de 2018 y febrero de 2019. Se aplicaron técnicas cualitativas y revisiones documentales sobre las temáticas relacionadas con el objeto de la investigación. Se trabajó con dos grupos de expertos en dos etapas. Se empleó la metodología Delphi. Resultados: Se pudieron definir y validar los criterios de realización necesarios para alcanzar las competencias profesionales del especialista de Farmacología para su desempeño como farmacoepidemiólogo y se construyeron las evidencias correspondientes para su evaluación. Conclusiones: La definición de los criterios de realización y la construcción de las evidencias respectivas viabilizan la evaluación del desempeño del farmacólogo en Farmacoepidemiología(AU)

Introduction: The application of the competencies approach includes the identification, standardization, evaluation and certification processes. Once defined, competencies must be evaluated. A research carried out at the National School of Public Health defined the professional competencies in pharmacoepidemiology of Pharmacology specialists. It is known that Pharmacology specialists do not take a competency test. Objective: To determine the performance criteria required to achieve the professional competencies in pharmacoepidemiology of the Pharmacology specialist and the corresponding evidence for their evaluation. Methods: This was a development study in which the necessary performance criteria were obtained as a product for achieving the professional competencies that Pharmacology specialists had to achieve to perform as pharmacoepidemiologists, together with the evidence for their subsequent evaluation. The work was carried out in Havana, between March 2018 and February 2019. Qualitative techniques and document reviews were applied with regard to the topics related to the research object. The research work included two groups of experts in two stages. The Delphi methodology was used. Results: It was possible to define and validate the performance criteria necessary to achieve the professional competencies of the Pharmacology specialist for their performance as pharmacoepidemiologists. Also, the corresponding evidence was constructed for their evaluation. Conclusions: The definition of the performance criteria and the construction of the respective evidences permit the evaluation of the pharmacologist's performance in pharmacoepidemiology(AU)

Research and reflection on the nursing master's degree education in Coventry University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This essay taking the author's own study experience of nursing master's degree in Coventry University as an example, introduces the origin, curriculum, assessment methods and teaching philosophy of nursing master's degree education of Coventry University in the UK. Besides, combined with the current situation of nursing master's degree education in China, it provides reference for training high-level nursing talents.

Percepción del impacto de la maestría en investigación en aterosclerosis en la superación profesional / Perception about the impact of the master's degree course in atherosclerosis on professional upgrading

Introducción: La importancia de conocer la influencia que las maestrías ejercen en el proceso de formación sobre sus educandos y graduados en diversas áreas es un reclamo de múltiples instituciones nacionales e internacionales. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del impacto de la maestría de investigación en aterosclerosis en la superación profesional de los maestrantes. Métodos: Estudio transversal, se aplicó una encuesta a 44 maestrantes. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y se calculó el índice de posición. Resultados: A partir de su incorporación a la maestría, 15 maestrantes de la octava edición (78,9 por ciento) y 16 de la novena (66,7 por ciento) promovieron su categoría docente. El índice de posición de las dos ediciones mostró que había un cambio favorable en las habilidades científicas de los maestrantes al concluir la maestría. Conclusiones: La percepción que poseen los egresados refleja un impacto favorable en el aporte que la maestría en investigación en aterosclerosis tiene para su superación profesional(AU)

Introduction: Multiple national and international institutions demand for knowing about the influence of master's degree courses on the training process of students and graduates from several areas. Objective: To describe the perception about the impact of the master's degree course in Atherosclerosis Research on the students' professional upgrading. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A survey was conducted on 44 master's students. Descriptive statistics were used and the position index was calculated. Results: After joining the master's degree course, 15 professors from the eighth edition (78.9 percent) and 16 from the ninth edition (66.7 percent) improved their teaching rank. The position index of the two editions showed that there was a favorable change in the students' scientific skills at the end of the master's degree course. Conclusions: The graduates' perception shows a favorable impact on the contribution of the master's degree course in Atherosclerosis Research to the students' professional development(AU)

Trajetória profissional de egressos de Curso de Mestrado Profissional em Atenção Primária à Saúde no Município de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: estudo avaliativo / The professional path of postgraduates of a professional master's degree in primary health care in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: an evaluative study

Resumo Visando estudar a trajetória de egressos de duas turmas de Mestrado Profissional realizou-se estudo exploratório, com questionário eletrônico on line, anônimo, com quatro blocos: pessoal; atividade profissional atual; relação do curso-situação profissional e ainda perguntas abertas para pontos positivos/negativos. Resultados: a maioria mantinha-se na área da atenção primária e em serviços públicos; na assistência à saúde e muitos como preceptores; desenvolviam atividade no trabalho relacionada ao curso e 75% relatam alto o impacto do curso. Menor efeito foi percebido na remuneração e maiores na formação profissional, nas redes de relações; no crescimento pessoal e no trabalho. As estratégias pedagógicas ativas foram bem avaliadas. Conclusão: metodologia de avaliação factível e aplicável para sistemas de acompanhamento de egressos; permite conhecer a relação formação e trabalho.

Abstract A four-block exploratory study was conducted with an electronic online, anonymous questionnaire to study the path of postgraduates from two professional master's degree classes, as follows: personal, current professional activity, course-professional situation relationship, and open-ended questions for positive/negative points. Results: Most of them remained in the primary care area and public services; in health care and as tutors; developed a course-related work activity, and 75% reported a high impact of the course. A lower effect was perceived in the remuneration. A higher effect was noted in the professional training, the networks of relationships, personal growth, and work. The active pedagogical strategies were well evaluated. Conclusion: This is a feasible and applicable evaluation method for graduate monitoring systems, and it allows knowing the relationship between training and work.

Profile of health professionals who completed a master's, doctoral, or post-doctoral degree in one Brazilian pediatric program

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the personal and professional characteristics, and the physical, psychiatric/psychological, and professional issues that exist among master's-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional, online, self-reported survey of 452 postgraduates who completed master's, doctoral, or post-doctoral degrees in one graduate program in pediatrics in São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted. RESULTS: The response rate was 47% (211/453). The majority of participants were women (78%) and physicians (74%), and the median age was 47 years (28-71). Master's, doctoral, and post-doctoral degrees were reported by 73%, 53%, and 3%, respectively. High workload (>40 hours/week) occurred in 59%, and 45% earned ≥15 minimum wages/month. At least one participation in scientific meeting in the past year was reported by 91%, and 79% had published their research. Thirty-nine percent served as a member of a faculty of an institution of higher learning. The data were analyzed by two age groups: participants aged ≤48 years (group 1) and participants aged >48 years (group 2). The median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (1-10), p=0.0113]; workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 68%, p=0.034); and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 56%, p=0.0083) were significantly lower in group 1. Further analysis by gender revealed that the median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (3-10), p=0.0015], workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 83%, p=0.0002), and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 74%, p=0.0001) were significantly lower in women compared with men. The median rating of overall satisfaction with the mentorship supervision provided was significantly higher among the women 10 (5-10) vs. 10 (2-10), p=0.0324]. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of master's-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals were women and physicians, and had published their thesis. Younger postgraduates and women reported low salaries, less likelihood of working >40 hours/week, and less overall satisfaction with their profession. Further longitudinal and qualitative studies are warranted to assess career trajectories after graduation.

Research status of scientific research ability of professional surgical postgraduates under the standardized training mode of residents / 国际外科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the status quo and countermeasures of the scientific research ability of professional surgical postgraduates under the standardized training mode of residents.@*Methods@#Fifty-five students in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University during September 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled in the present study. Questionnaire was used to collection the data in order to evaluate the current research abilities and provide feedbacks for the adoption of improvement measures of research skill. The results of the survey were entered into the computer using EpiData 3.0 software, and descriptive analysis of the data were performed using Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 to calculate the percentage of each indicator.@*Results@#The results showed that 38(69.1%) graduate students were able to assist the instructor in basic research work, and 17(30.9%) graduate students showed low enthusiasm for independent design and writing of the paper. In addition, 23(41.8%) graduate students hoped to improve their research capabilities and added more training courses. 10(18.2%) students hoped to strengthen the training of the clinical subject tutors, and thought that the communication and contact with the tutor was not enough.@*Conclusions@#The professional postgraduates overvalue clinical practice and undervalued scientific research. This article introduces ways of strengthening the cultivation of scientific research awareness, optimizing curriculum system, playing the core role of mentors, establishing incentive system and scientific research platform to enhance scientific research capacity.

Research status of scientific research ability of professional surgical postgraduates under the standardized training mode of residents / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To explore the status quo and countermeasures of the scientific research ability of professional surgical postgraduates under the standardized training mode of residents.Methods Fifty-five students in Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University during September 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled in the present study.Questionnaire was used to collection the data in order to evaluate the current research abilities and provide feedbacks for the adoption of improvement measures of research skill.The results of the survey were entered into the computer using EpiData 3.0 software,and descriptive analysis of the data were performed using Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 to calculate the percentage of each indicator.Results The results showed that 38(69.1％) graduate students were able to assist the instructor in basic research work,and 17 (30.9％) graduate students showed low enthusiasm for independent design and writing of the paper.In addition,23 (41.8％) graduate students hoped to improve their research capabilities and added more training courses.10 (18.2％) students hoped to strengthen the training of the clinical subject tutors,and thought that the communication and contact with the tutor was not enough.Conclusions The professional postgraduates overvalue clinical practice and undervalued scientific research.This article introduces ways of strengthening the cultivation of scientific research awareness,optimizing curriculum system,playing the core role of mentors,establishing incentive system and scientific research platform to enhance scientific research capacity.

Relação teoria-prática nos cursos de mestrado acadêmico e profissional na área da saúde coletiva / Theoretical-practical relationship in academic and professional master's degree courses in collective health / Relación teoría-práctica en los cursos de maestría académica y profesional en el área de la salud colectiva

Resumo O presente estudo partiu da percepção da existência de semelhanças e diferenças na relação teoria-prática em cursos de mestrado, modalidades acadêmica e profissional na área da Saúde Coletiva. Adotou-se como pressuposto que, nesta relação, as propostas de mestrado profissional não partem da prática profissional dos agentes como cenário para construir novos conhecimentos e tecnologias, mas tendem a reproduzir o modelo hegemônico de formação consolidado no mestrado acadêmico. A partir das categorias 'relação academia-contexto profissional', 'quadro docente', 'trabalho final e justificativa para o curso', o estudo com abordagem qualitativa realizou-se por meio de análise documental e de propostas de cursos, além de entrevistas com coordenadores dos cursos. Para aprofundar a discussão, selecionaram-se sete instituições de ensino superior que ofereciam cursos nessas modalidades. Conclui-se que essa relação é mais complexa no mestrado profissional, e que este, como prevê a legislação, buscou consolidar uma identidade distinta da especialização e do mestrado acadêmico, o que pode caracterizar a principal diferença entre as modalidades. No entanto, seus processos ainda adotam os mesmos referenciais e práticas que o mestrado acadêmico.

Abstract This study was based on the perception of similarities and differences in the theory-practice relationship in the master's degree courses in academic and professional modes in the Public Health area in Brazil. It was assumed that, in this relationship, the proposals of the professional master's degree course do not part from the agent's professional practice as a scenario to build new knowledge and technologies, rather they tend to reproduce the hegemonic training model consolidated in the academic master's degree course. Based on the 'academy-professional context relations', 'teaching staff,' 'final work and justification for the course' categories, the study was carried out using a qualitative approach through documentary analysis and course proposals, as well as using interviews with course coordinators. Seven colleges offering courses in these modes were selected to deepen the discussion. It is concluded that this relationship is more complex in the professional master's degree course, and that, as provided for under the legislation, it sought to consolidate an identity that is distinct from specialization and academic master's courses, a fact that may characterize the main difference between the modes. However, their processes still adopt the same frameworks and practices as the academic master's degree course.

Resumen El presente estudio partió de la percepción de la existencia de similitudes y diferencias en la relación teoría-práctica en cursos de maestría, modalidades académica y profesional, en el área de la Salud Colectiva en Brasil. Se adoptó como premisa que, en esta relación, las propuestas de maestría profesional no parten de la práctica profesional de los agentes como escenario para construir nuevos conocimientos y tecnología, sino que tienden a reproducir el modelo hegemónico de formación consolidado en la maestría académica. A partir de las categorías 'relación academia-contexto profesional', 'cuadro docente', 'trabajo final y justificativa para el curso', el estudio con enfoque cualitativo se realizó mediante el análisis documental y de propuestas de cursos, además de entrevistas con coordinadores de los cursos. Para profundizar la discusión, se seleccionaron siete instituciones de enseñanza superior que ofrecían cursos en esas modalidades. Se concluyó que esta relación es más compleja en la maestría profesional, y que ésta, conforme lo prevé la legislación, buscó consolidar una identidad distinta de la especialización y de la maestría académica, lo que puede caracterizar la principal diferencia entre las modalidades. No obstante, sus procesos todavía adoptan las mismas referencias y prácticas que la maestría académica.

Psychological availability of the full-time candidates for master's degree of nursing during their clinical work:a qualitative study / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the psychological availability of the full-time candidates for master degree of nursing during the clinical work. Methods A phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. About 11 full-time candidates for master's degree of nursing took part in the semi-structured and in-depth interviews and the acquired data were analysed. Results About 4 themes promoting psychological availability were identified: strong research knowledge and skills, career development confidence, perception of attention from leaders and more satisfactory salary. The four themes hindering psychological availability were:clinical work tasks, lower level of expertise, lack of social support and lower perception of self benefit. Conclusions The full-time candidates for master's degree hold active perception and much expectation about their clinical work but meanwhile they feel passive and disappointed. Nursing administrators should develop distinguishing and definite clinical personnel training and continuing education programs for them, offer them an access to learning chances and emotional support in order to improve the psychological availability and stabilize the nursing team.