ABSTRACT
RESUMO No Brasil, os impactos socioambientais da crise hídrica são intensificados uma vez que a drenagem e o manejo das águas pluviais são marcados por ausências e limitações de políticas públicas. O saneamento básico é de titularidade municipal e, para o exercício desse direito e dever, é fundamental que os municípios estruturem a política municipal, sendo o planejamento seu principal instrumento. Nesse contexto, buscou-se neste artigo identificar e analisar o panorama da elaboração de Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico e de Planos Diretores de Drenagem Urbana nos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais com população inferior a 50 mil habitantes e comparar esses resultados com as informações divulgadas pelo Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento no ano de 2019. Realizaram-se buscas na internet e contatos com os municípios, por telefone, e foi possível identificar que, entre os 752 municípios de Minas Gerais de pequeno porte, 499 possuem Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico, enquanto nenhum possui Planos Diretores de Drenagem Urbana. Ao comparar esses resultados com as informações divulgadas pelo Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento, observou-se que 79 municípios prestaram informações inconsistentes relacionadas à existência de Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico e 48 afirmaram possuir Planos Diretores de Drenagem Urbana. Conclui-se que muitos municípios mineiros ainda não possuem Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico, e que o processo de coleta dos dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento precisa ser aprimorado para que haja melhor qualidade dos dados divulgados. A ausência de instrumentos de planejamento que auxiliem a efetivação da política municipal é um importante problema a ser superado para o enfrentamento dos complexos desafios que envolvem a drenagem e o manejo das águas pluviais municipal.
ABSTRACT In Brazil, the impacts of the water crisis are intensified since the Drainage and Rainwater Management are marked by absences and limitations of public policies. Basic sanitation is a municipal property and for the exercise of this right and duty, it is essential that the municipalities structure the municipal policy, with planning as their main instrument. In this context, this article aimed to identify and analyze the panorama of the elaboration of Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans and Master Plans for Urban Drainage in the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais with a population of less than 50,000 inhabitants and to compare these results with the information released by the National Sanitation Information System, in 2019. Internet searches and contacts with the municipalities were carried out by telephone, so that it was possible to identify that among the 752 small-sized ones in Minas Gerais, 499 of them have Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans, while none of them have Master Plans for Urban Drainage. When comparing these results with the information released by the National Sanitation Information System, it was observed that 79 municipalities provided inconsistent information related to the existence of Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans and 48 municipalities claimed to have Master Plans for Urban Drainage. It is concluded that many municipalities in Minas Gerais do not yet have Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans and that the process of collecting National Sanitation Information System data needs to be improved so that there is a better quality of the data released. The absence of planning instruments to assist the implementation of municipal policy is an important problem to be overcome in order to face the complex challenges involving municipal Stormwater Drainage and Management.
ABSTRACT
The unbalanced economic development, the lifestyle changes of the residents, the aging before getting rich and the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases in China have brought great pressure on China′s health system. However, the prevention and control mechanism of chronic diseases in China is far from mature, which restricts the development of the prevention and control of chronic diseases in China. Singapore′s new concept on chronic disease management and the the 3-level theoretical framework are good experience in the world and deserve to be learned by China. This article introduced the Healthy Living Master Plan in health promotion practice in Singapore, and made suggestions on construction of health management system to cope with the disease burden in China.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO O artigo procura identificar os principais entraves para a implantação efetiva do Parque Natural Municipal de Marapendi (PNM de Marapendi), no Rio de Janeiro, tal como previsto no Plano Diretor da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia empregada foi a realização de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, complementada com levantamento de dados de campo e documentação fotográfica, além da participação do autor em ciclos de debates sobre o tema. Foram levantadas algumas ações que ampliariam a possibilidade de que aquela implantação ocorresse de fato, sendo, inclusive, defendida a ampliação do PNM de Marapendi mediante a anexação do vizinho Parque Natural Municipal da Barra da Tijuca (PNM da Barra da Tijuca). Na concepção do autor, o parque passaria a ser uma área de lazer extraordinária, sem que suas características de mata de restinga e fauna típicas fossem afetadas. Esse parque teria uma área quase três vezes maior que a do Aterro do Flamengo, circundando uma lagoa com um espelho d'água uma vez e meia maior que o da Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.
ABSTRACT The article tries to identify the main problems for the effective implantation of the Municipal Natural Park Marapendi (PNM of Marapendi), in Rio de Janeiro, as foreseen in the Master Plan of the city. The methodology is based in an extensive bibliography survey, complemented by field research and photography work, besides author participation in many debates about the subject. Some actions were identified that would contributed to that implementation, including the magnifying of PNM Marapendi by means of the annexation of the neighbor Municipal Natural Park of Barra da Tijuca (PNM of Barra da Tijuca). In author's conception, the park could become an extraordinary leisure area, without loosing its characteristics of a typical shoal bush and preserving the local fauna. This park would have an area almost three times greater that of Flamengo's Aterro, surrounding a lagoon with a water mirror a time and half bigger than that of the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon.
ABSTRACT
A Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) - coronavirus (CoV) cluster that attacked Korea in May 2015 revealed several weaknesses in Korea's health care system in the face of the crisis of an emerging infectious disease and its public health implications. This experience has shown that is necessary to prepare comprehensive countermeasures through the cooperation of civil and public agencies to prevent a second or even third MERS outbreak and to control future crises of infectious disease and public health. The MERS Policy Committee of the Korean Medical Association has thus proposed a master plan for reform of the national infectious disease prevention and management system to prepare a new framework for national infectious disease prevention and control. The specific targets of the master plan are improvement of the system of usage of medical services and of the medical culture among national health insurance subscribers, improvement of the emergency room management system to prevent the spread of infectious disease, the establishment of a support system to promote effective voluntary infectious disease prevention activities among medical institutions, the building of a public health crisis communication system in collaboration with medical organizations, the establishment of an independent Ministry of Health and capacity building of the Korea Centers for Disease Control (KCDC), the securing of an advanced research and development system in the field of prevention and control of infectious disease, and the capacity building of professional epidemiologists and personnel needed to prevent and control infectious disease. The five core strategies of the master plan have been planned by medical experts in this order of priority: the reform of the healthcare delivery system, the independence of the Ministry of Health and capacity building of the KCDC, fundraising for a public infection management fund, enforcement of medical organization infection control, and improvement of the emergency room management system.
Subject(s)
Capacity Building , Communicable Diseases , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Cooperative Behavior , Coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Delivery of Health Care , Emergency Service, Hospital , Financial Management , Infection Control , Korea , Middle East , National Health Programs , Public HealthABSTRACT
Há longa data o planejamento territorial urbano é foco de ações do poder público. O Estatuto das Cidades, que regulamenta os artigos da Constituição Federal que tratam da política urbana, tem sido considerado, por alguns estudiosos, um dos maiores avanços legais no tocante à gestão e ao planejamento urbano no Brasil. Em sua seção I, apresenta, como um dos instrumentos de planejamento territorial urbano, o Plano Diretor. Este, em termos legais, vem a ser uma ferramenta voltada para a gestão de áreas urbanas, a despeito de seu raio de atuação, em alguns municípios, abarcar áreas urbanas e não urbanas áreas rurais. Nesse ponto reside o questionamento: como esta ferramenta de gestão incorpora as demandas de saneamento ambiental e os conflitos socioambientais inerentes aos territórios rurais próximos aos centros urbanos? Planos diretores municipais, ao circularem por campos de interesses distintos e que, até certo ponto, se chocam, representam um espaço de disputa por territórios. No caso do Município de Nova Friburgo, essa disputa reside de forma central na tentativa de influenciar as diretrizes do parcelamento do solo.
The territorial urban planning has been the focus of government actions for a long time. The Statute of the Cities, which regulates the articles of the Constitution that deal with urban policy has been considered by some scholars, one of the greatest advances in terms of legal management and urban planning in Brazil. Section I shows, as an instrument of urban planning, the Master Plan. In legal terms, the Master Plan is considered a tool dedicated to the management of urban areas, although its scope, in some cities, possessing non-urban and urban areas - encompasses rural areas. At this point, the question is: how this management tool incorporates the demands of environmental sanitation and social conflicts inherent in rural areas nearby to urban centers? Municipal master plans, while dealing with various areas of interest, that to some extent have been rivals, represent an area of struggle for territories. In the city of Nova Friburgo this dispute is an attempt to influence the guidelines for the division of land.
Desde hace mucho tiempo la planificación territorial urbana es foco de atención del poder público. El Estatuto de las Ciudades, que regula los artículos de la Constitución Federal que tratan de política urbana ha sido considerado por algunos estudiosos, un gran avance legal en materia de gestión y planificación urbana en Brasil. En su sección I, presenta, como uno de los instrumentos de planificación territorial, urbana el Plan Maestro. Este, en términos jurídicos, es una herramienta orientada para la gestión de zonas urbanas, a pesar de su radio de acción, en algunos municipios, que abarcan zonas urbanas y no urbanas - las zonas rurales. En este punto se encuentra la pregunta: ¿cómo esta herramienta de gestión incorpora las demandas de saneamiento ambiental y los conflictos socioambientales inherentes a las zonas rurales próximas a los centros urbanos Los Planes Directores Municipales, al moverse por campos de diferentes intereses y, hasta cierto conflictantes, representan un área de disputa por territorios. En el caso del municipio de Nova Friburgo, esta disputa reside, de forma específica, en el intento de influir en las pautas de la división de la tierra.
Subject(s)
Case Reports , Environmental Health , Health Promotion , BrazilABSTRACT
La metodología para la elaboración del Plan Maestro de Validación de los procesos de producción del Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, se diseñó a partir de los requisitos contenidos en la Regulación 16 del 2006 de Buenas Pràcticas de Fabricación de medicamentos. Abarcó la política de la organización para la actividad de validación su estructura organizativa, las instalaciones, sistemas, equipos y procesos que se deben validar; el formato de la documentación a utilizar; la planificación y calendario de cada actividad; los resultados de cada protocolo ejecutado, el control de los cambios que se generan; un resumen de las validaciones anteriores; cumplimiento del plan propuesto; las conclusiones donde se precisan de forma resumida si los procesos validados estàn bajo control, los resultados màs relevantes, así como las acciones correctivas y preventivas a tomar; por último se define la distribución de toda la información generada, conformando así el Plan Maestro de Validación. Este sistema de validación se muestra a través de procedimientos, protocolos y registros aplicados en el proceso de fabricación de Surfacen®, medicamento para uso humano que se fabrica en el Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria.
The methodology to design the Validation Master Plan the production processes of National Center of Agricultural Health was created from the requirements present in the Regulation 16, 2006 of Good Practices of drugs manufacture including the organization policy for validation activity of its organizing structure, installations, systems, equipments and processes to be validated, documentation format used, planning and calendar of each activity; the results from each protocol performed, the generating changes control, abstract of prior validations, fulfillment of proposed plan, conclusions where are determined in a summarized way if the validated processes are under control, the more relevant results, as well as how the corrective and preventive actions executed, and lastly, the distribution of all the generated information is defined, thus creating the validation of Master Plan. This validation system is showed thorough procedures, protocols and registries applied in manufacturing process of Surfacen® a human use drug manufactured in the National Center of Agricultural Health.
Subject(s)
Master Plans/methods , Pulmonary Surfactants/standardsABSTRACT
Há longa data o planejamento territorial urbano é foco de ações do poder público. O Estatuto das Cidades, que regulamenta os artigos da Constituição Federal que tratam da política urbana, tem sido considerado, por alguns estudiosos, um dos maiores avanços legais em termos de gestão e planejamento urbano no Brasil. Em sua seção I apresenta, como um dos instrumentos de planejamento territorial urbano, o Plano Diretor. Este, em termos legais, vem a ser uma ferramenta voltada para a gestão de áreas urbanas, apesar de seu raio de atuação, em alguns municípios, abarcar áreas urbanas e não-urbanas áreas rurais. Nesse ponto reside o questionamento: como esta ferramenta de gestão incorpora as demandas de saneamento ambiental e os conflitos socioambientais inerentes aos territórios rurais próximos aos centros urbanos? Estes, mesmo não urbanos, apresentam se intrinsecamente inseridos na configuração da rede urbana, sofrendo múltiplas e distintas pressões do meio, da lógica urbana. De maneira emblemática, pode-se apontar o Município de Nova Friburgo RJ, onde cinco de seus oitos distritos são predominantemente territórios rurais. Planos diretores municipais, ao circularem por campos de interesses distintos e que, até certo ponto, se chocam, representam um espaço de disputa por territórios. No caso do Município de Nova Friburgo essa disputa reside de forma central na tentativa de influenciar as diretrizes do parcelamento do solo. A pesquisa apresenta um caráter exploratório, onde a preocupação reside em proporcionar maior familiaridade com o problema, com vistas a torná-lo explícito. Para tanto, enquanto procedimentos técnicos, a metodologia empregada envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e estudo de caso...
Longstanding territorial urban planning is the focus of shares of the public. The Statute of the Cities, which regulates the articles of the Constitution that deal with urban policy has been considered by some scholars, one of the greatest advances in terms of legal management and urban planning in Brazil. In its section I shows, as one of theinstruments of urban planning, the Master Plan. This, in legal terms, has to be a tool dedicated to the management of urban areas, although its radius of action, in some municipalities, covering urban and non-urban - rural areas. At this point the question is: how does this management tool incorporate the demands of environmental sanitation and social conflicts inherent in rural areas close to urban centers? These, even non-urban, are intrinsically embedded in the configuration of theurban network, under pressure from many different means, the urban logic. As example, shows the city of Nova Friburgo - RJ, where five of its eight districts are predominantly rural. When moving between different areas of interest that are rivals to some extent, the municipal directors plans represent an area of struggle for territory. In the city of Nova Friburgo this fight lives in an attempt to influence the guidelines for the division of land...
Subject(s)
City Planning , Environmental Health , Conservation of Natural Resources , Health Promotion , Participatory Planning , Brazil , Case ReportsABSTRACT
<b>Backgroud</b><br>Sri Lanka is a developing and multiracial country, located in the Indian ocean near the equator, with a population of approximately 20 million. It has a parliamentary democratic system of government and over 80% of hospitals belong to government and medical services are free of charge. Literacy rate of Sri Lanka is higher than the neighbouring countries of the region, and the government's health policies, based on the promotion of Maternal & Child and Geriatric health, are on the way to success. <br>According to the Health Master Plan (HMP) by the Ministry of Healthcare & Nutrition (MOH&N) ,the health problems in this country are classified into three categories based on epidemiological and medical economics:<br>i) Continuing Problems such as dengue fever, ii) Emerging Problems such as HIV/AIDS, and iii) Evolving Problems such as lifestyle-related diseases. <br>It is apprehensive thatthe health conditions and economics of individual Sri Lankan and Nation's economics will be compelled to face the multiple burdens in the near future.<br><b>JICA's Technical Support (JTS)</b><br>JTS on the first prevention against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been already startedby JICA after receiving the request by the government of Sri Lanka in order to avoid the catastrophic situations pointed out by HMP. Futhermore, the trend analyses on the data of inpatients suffered 59 types of communicable or NCDs from 1983 to 2003 were performedto propose the tagets and contents of the new JTS. As a result, ffifteen diseases were statistically significant, and nine out of the above15 cases were NCDs.<br>Because lifestyle-related diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular diseases occupy four positions out of five leading causes of death in recent past of Sir Lanka, new model system which combines the first prevention and screening of high-risk persons and early treatment system was proposed to MOH&N.<br>The flow of the basic model projiect, composed of two screening steps to detect thespecific persons having high-risks such as obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, etc., is classified into three groups to receive optimum healthcare sevices at the nearby hospitals.<br>Fortunately, MOH&N made a request for the new JTS based on this proposal to the government of Japan. Consequently, the budget of this project proposal was approved and is now under the practical arrangements by JICA.
ABSTRACT
This article deals with the study results of the research project titled "Developing Technical Approaches for the Master Plan of the Health Sector International Cooperation". The government project was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare which was to be implemented for the duration of three years from 2002. The purpose of this research project was to determine the orientation of future DS in the health sectors by reviewing the studies experienced so far and by introducing various study methods and analytical methods for developing health policies and health planning techniques.<br>The substance of this article was presented by the author as the president discourse at the 19th Annual Meeting of Japan Association for International Health.
ABSTRACT
Between June 1998 and January 2000, "The Master Plan Study on Strengthening Primary Health Care Services (JICA PHC Study)" was executed in the Republic of Malawi. The purpose of the study was to formulate a central region master plan and a national master plan to improve the primary health care (PHC) system, and to transfer essential research, analytical skills, and methodologies to Malawian counterparts. The health investigations covered the referral system, human resources, health finance, policy and management, the health management information system, community participation, logistics systems and health facilities and supplies. As a result of the study, childhood malnutrition, maternal health, and the inappropriate role of informal drug-sellers, in the PHC system were found to be key health issues, and on the basis of these problems the national master plan was formulated with six prioritized proposed projects. In this report, the following challenges to the execution of effective and efficient study were discussed and recommended through the review of health development studies conducted in five developing countries including Malawi; 1) the study purpose and the concept of a master plan should be clarified, 2) the study outcome should be evaluated and utilized effectively, 3) terms of reference for the study should be reviewed and improved, 4) a better relationship with counterparts and donors should be developed, and 5) a capacity of participants in the study such as consultants should be built up.
ABSTRACT
To develop into a good jounal, it takes constant and consistent time and the efforts. "Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association" has been tried and revised through workshop and research development subcommittec. As "an editor-in chief", I reviewed about the good journal evaluation principles especially four main aspects of the ISI journal selection process for Science Citation Index (SCI) and Index Medicus. These involve examination of basic journal publishing standards, editorial content, international diversity, and citation analysis. Aslo, I reviewed the important and problems of redundant publication and on-line publication. Through these current important issues, I suggests a Master plan for the Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.
Subject(s)
Education , MEDLINE , PublicationsABSTRACT
The authors sum up the experience of their hospital in the construction of the information system, pointing out that the key to success in this aspect lies in the clarification of objectives and the formulation of a master plan. Then they give a further account of ways for doing a good job of the master plan and its implementation from the perspectives of the software, hardware, and cultivation of talents.