The protective role of postpartum resilience on anxiety rates of Brazilian mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic / O papel protetor da resiliência pós-parto nas taxas de ansiedade de mães brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: We evaluated the protective effect of postpartum resilience (measured before the pandemic onset) on the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The sample included 589 mothers from a longitudinal study in southern Brazil. Three months after delivery we assessed maternal resilience through the Resilience Scale (RS). The Generalized Anxiety Disorders 7-item (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The prevalence of severe to moderate anxiety symptoms in this sample was 28.4% (95% CI: 25.0; 32.0). Resilience showed to be a protective factor against moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during the pandemic (OR: 0.98; p<0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that postpartum resilience is a factor associated with lower odds of a more intense manifestation of anxiety during pandemic periods. Thus, strengthening resilience by reinforcing appropriate coping strategies can prevent mental health problems.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliou-se o efeito protetor da resiliência pós-parto (medida antes do início da pandemia) sobre a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade moderados a graves durante a pandemia da doença por coronavírus (COVID-19). Métodos: A amostra incluiu 589 mães de um estudo longitudinal do Sul do Brasil. Três meses após o parto, avaliou-se a resiliência materna por meio da Resilience Scale (RS). O Generalized Anxiety Disorders 7-item (GAD-7) foi usado para medir os sintomas de ansiedade durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade moderados a graves nessa amostra foi de 28,4% (IC 95%: 25,0-32,0). A resiliência mostrou-se um fator protetor para os sintomas de ansiedade moderados a graves durante a pandemia (RC: 0,98; p<0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados revelaram que a resiliência pós-parto é um fator associado a menor chance de uma manifestação mais intensa da ansiedade durante os períodos pandêmicos. Dessa forma, fortalecer a resiliência, reforçando estratégias de enfrentamento apropriadas, pode prevenir problemas de saúde mental.

Effect of Intranatal Yoga on Base Line Fetal Tachycardia

Pregnancy is an important time period during reproductive cycle of every woman. WHO has set about certain guidelines, in the care of pregnant ladies it’s called as Antenatal care The main aim of this care is to provide an uneventful antenatal period and there by producing a healthy offspring. Intrapartum period also plays a major role in determining the health status of both mother and fetus. Most of the discomforts in the mother can be directly visualized as well as interrupted from her vitals. But in the case of fetus the intrauterine discomforts can be interrupted only from assessing the fetal heart rate. When the fetal heart rate rises above 160/min it is called as fetal tachycardia. This rise in FHR can affect both mother as well as the fetus. The cause should be identified as early as possible and prompt management should be provided. Yoga provides physical as well as mental wellbeing through a holistic approach. It comprises of Pranayama and Asanas which can bring positive effect on the health status of the pregnant woman as well as results in the good outcome of labor. The main reason for tachycardia here was maternal anxiety and stress. Intranatal yoga works very efficiently here and thereby corrects the fetal tachycardia

Evaluation of the mother's anxiety and child's fear in two different age groups in the child's first and second dental visit

The anxiety of the mother influences the child’s behaviour in a dental setting. Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the mother’s anxiety and a child’s fear of first and second dental visits in two different age groups. Study Design: The cross?sectional study design consisted of a total of 100 mother?child pairs attending Pediatric Dental clinics was included in the study. Group I consisted of 50 mother?child pairs of 6?8 years of age. Group II consisted of another 50 mother?child pairs between 12?15 years of age. Short Form of the Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule (DFSS?SF) was administered to the child. Corah’s Dental anxiety scale was administered to the mother. The Tell?Show?Do (TSD) technique was used in all children before the treatment. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS software 21 was used for descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for bivariate correlation between variables in the study. Results: The anxiety level of mothers on both appointment days in both age groups was found to be highly significant. The correlation of maternal anxiety to the gender of the child in both groups was found to be highly significant. Conclusion: The fear of dental treatment was commonly found in children irrespective of gender in both age groups. The TSD technique was found to reduce fear in the subsequent appointment.

Increased Risk for Maternal Anxiety during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil among Pregnant Women without Comorbidities / Aumento do risco de ansiedade materna durante o surto de COVID-19 no Brasil entre gestantes sem comorbidades

Abstract Objective To study maternal anxiety in pregnant women without comorbidities in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to study maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. Methods This is a secondary analysis from a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 cities, from June to August, 2020, in Brazil. Interviewed postpartum women, without medical or obstetrical comorbidities, were included in the present subanalysis. A structured questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied. Results Out of the 1,662 women, 763 (45.9%) met the criteria for the current analysis and 16.1% presented with moderate and 11.5% with severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was associated with high school education (odds ratio [OR]:1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04-2.40). The protective factor was cohabiting with a partner (OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.29-0.73). There was a positive correlation between the total BAI score and receiving information about care in the pandemic (rpartial 0.15; p < 0.001); concern about vertical transmission of COVID-19 (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01); receiving information about breastfeeding (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.03); concerns about prenatal care (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01), and concerns about the baby contracting COVID-19 (rpartial 0.11; p = 0.004). The correlation was negative in the following aspects: self-confidence in protecting from COVID-19 (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.04), having learned (rpartial 0.09; p = 0.01) and self-confidence in breastfeeding (rpartial 0.22; p < 0.001) in the context of the pandemic. Conclusion The anxiety of pregnant women without medical or obstetrical comorbidities was associated to high school educational level and not living with a partner during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-confidence in protecting against COVID-19 and knowledge about breastfeeding care during the pandemic reduced maternal anxiety.

Resumo Objetivo Estudar a ansiedade materna em gestantes sem comorbidades no contexto do surto de COVID-19 no Brasil e estudar o conhecimento e as preocupações maternas sobre a pandemia. Métodos Trata-se de análise secundária de um estudo transversal multicêntrico nacional realizado em 10 cidades, de junho a agosto de 2020, no Brasil. Mulheres no pós-parto entrevistadas, sem comorbidades médicas ou obstétricas, foram incluídas nesta subanálise. Foram aplicados um questionário estruturado e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI, na sigla em inglês). Resultados Das 1.662 mulheres, 763 (45,9%) atenderam aos critérios da análise atual e 16,1% apresentaram ansiedade materna moderada e 11,5% ansiedade materna grave. A ansiedade materna moderada ou grave foi associada à escolaridade no ensino médio (odds ratio [OR]: 1,58; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,04-2,40). O fator protetor foi coabitar com companheiro (OR: 0,46; IC95%: 0,29-0,73). Houve correlação positiva entre a pontuação total do BAI e o recebimento de informações sobre cuidados na pandemia (rparcial 0,15; p < 0,001); preocupação com a transmissão vertical de COVID-19 (rparcial 0,10; p = 0,01); receber informações sobre amamentação (rparcial 0,08; p = 0,03); preocupações sobre cuidados pré-natais (rparcial 0,10; p = 0,01) e preocupações sobre o bebê contrair COVID-19 (rparcial 0,11; p = 0,004). A correlação foi negativa com os seguintes aspectos: ter autoconfiança para se proteger (rparcial 0,08; p = 0,04), aprender (rparcial 0,09; p = 0,01) e ter autoconfiança para amamentar (rparcial 0,22; p < 0,001) no contexto da pandemia. Conclusão A ansiedade de gestantes sem comorbidades médicas ou obstétricas esteve associada à escolaridade no ensino médio e não morar com companheiro durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A autoconfiança na proteção contra COVID-19 e o conhecimento sobre os cuidados com a amamentação durante a pandemia reduziram a ansiedade materna.

Ansiedade materna e relação mãe-bebê: um estudo qualitativo / Maternal anxiety and mother-child relationship: a qualitative study / La ansiedad materna y la relación madre-hijo: un estudio cualitativo

A ansiedade materna é um tema relevante de pesquisa no âmbito da relação mãe-bebê, pois esse sentimento pode trazer repercussões para mãe e o desenvolvimento do bebê. Este estudo de casos múltiplos, de caráter qualitativo, teve como objetivo investigar a ansiedade materna em mães de bebês de seis a 10 meses, buscando identificar sua repercussão na díade mãe-bebê. Os achados demonstraram a presença de complicações na gravidez e no pós-parto e de eventos estressantes durante esses períodos. Em todos os casos analisados, observou-se ansiedade materna na gravidez e nos primeiros cuidados com o bebê. Sentimentos como medo, angústia, dúvidas e preocupações, relatados pelas mães, desencadearam comportamentos ansiosos, refletindo na relação mãe-bebê. A partir dos relatos deste estudo, observa-se a importância do apoio para o empoderamento das mães, para que elas assumam o papel materno com mais confiança. Salienta-se a necessidade de intervenções desde a gestação para o manejo da ansiedade materna, bem como práticas de educação em saúde visando à promoção da saúde mental materno-infantil

Maternal anxiety is an important topic of research regarding the mother-child relationship because this feeling can impact the mother and the baby's development. This qualitative study, of a multiple-case design, aimed to investigate maternal anxiety in mothers of babies aged between six and 10 months, trying to identify its impact on the mother-child dyad. The findings showed the occurrence of complications in pregnancy and the postpartum period and stressful events during these periods. In all analyzed cases, the presence of maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the newborn early care was verified. Feelings such as fear, anguish, doubts, and concerns, reported by mothers, triggered anxious behaviors, reflecting on the mother-baby relationship. From the reports of this study, the importance of support for the empowerment of mothers was observed, so that they can assume the maternal role with more confidence. It points out the need for intervention programs since pregnancy for the management of maternal anxiety, as well as health education practices aiming to promote maternal and child mental health.

La ansiedad materna es un tema relevante de investigación en el ámbito de la relación madre-hijo, ya que este sentimiento puede tener repercusiones en la madre y en el desarrollo del bebé. Este estudio cualitativo, de casos múltiples, investigó la ansiedad materna en madres de niños de seis a 10meses, buscando identificar su impacto en la díada madre-hijo. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de complicaciones en el embarazo y en el posparto, y de eventos estresantes durante estos momentos. En los casos analizados, se observó ansiedad materna durante el embarazo y en el cuidado temprano del bebé. Sentimientos como el miedo, la angustia, las dudas y las preocupaciones, relatados por las madres, desencadenaron comportamientos ansiosos, reflejándose en la relación madre-bebé. A partir de los informes de este estudio se observa la importancia del apoyo para el empoderamiento de las madres, para que asuman ese rol con más confianza. Son necesarias intervenciones desde el embarazo para el tratamiento de la ansiedad materna, así como prácticas de educación con la finalidad de promoción de la salud mental materna y infantil.

Effect of kangaroo mother care on maternal anxiety and depression states at the neonatal ICU: A prospective cohort study

Objectives@#To determine the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on anxiety and depression of mothers of low-birth-weight neonates during the immediate newborn period. @*Method@#Eligible participants were mothers of low-birth-weight infants (birth weight ≤2500 grams) admitted at a tertiary hospital's neonatal intensive care unit. Mothers were instructed on providing KMC daily to their infants during the study period (first seven days of life). @*Main Outcome Measure(s)@#The primary study outcome was the effect of KMC in improving maternal anxiety and depression scores in the immediate postpartum period using the locally validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Pilipino (HADS/HADS-P). @*Results@#A total of 171 mothers were enrolled in the study. Only 79 mothers provided KMC, and the rest (92) did not provide KMC. The anxiety and depression scores improved significantly from day 1 to 7 postpartum in both groups (p<0.05). Frequency of mothers categorized as having severe anxiety significantly decreased over time whether they provided KMC or not (KMC: 40.5%, 13.9%, 7.6% at Day 1 and 7 postpartum and day of discharge; No KMC: 35.9% and 27.2% at Day 1 and Day 7 postpartum). There was a significant reduction in the percentage of mothers categorized in the depressed group from Day 1 to Day 7 postpartum, among those who rendered KMC compared with those who did not (KMC: 7.6%, 2.5%, 0% at Day 1 and 7 postpartum and at the day of discharge vs. No KMC: 7.6% and 10.9% at Day 1 and 7 postpartum). There were no significant differences in the anxiety and depression scores at any period between mothers who rendered KMC > 6 hours and KMC ≤ 6 hours/day. @*Conclusion@#Anxiety and depression scores significantly decreased over time in both mothers who rendered and did not render KMC to their infants. However, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of mothers categorized as having severe depression over time among those who rendered KMC compared to those who did not. Other factors aside from KMC may affect the maternal anxiety and depression states, such as instability of the infant.

Mother-child interaction: implications of chronic maternal anxiety and depression

Abstract Background: The literature has few studies on the quality of the mother-child interaction when mothers suffer from chronic anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare characteristics of the interaction between 14-month-old children and their mothers who presented symptoms of chronic anxiety or depression with those of 14-month-old children and their mothers who did not present mental problems. Method: The sample consisted of 40 mother-infant dyads selected from a prospective cohort study. They were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory, at three time points: during pregnancy and at 6 months and 14 months of the infant's life. Three groups were formed: 10 mothers with symptoms of chronic anxiety, 8 mothers with symptoms of chronic depression, and a control group of 22 mothers without mental health problems. The mothers responded to a socioeconomic questionnaire, and then a 7-min episode of the dyad interaction was recorded and assessed using categories indicated in a dyadic interaction assessment protocol. This consisted of six categories that evaluate the behavior of the caregiver and four categories that evaluate the child's behavior. Results: A significantly higher percentage of mothers with chronic depressive symptoms had not completed high school and did not live with a partner. When comparing the interaction behaviors of the three groups, mothers with symptoms of chronic depression were significantly less sensitive, were more disengaged, and showed less positive affect than those in the control group. They also engaged in significantly fewer stimulations and displayed more negative affect compared with both the control group and mothers with chronic anxiety symptoms. Anxious mothers presented greater intrusiveness compared with mothers in the control group. Regarding the children, those with mothers showing symptoms of chronic depression interacted significantly less than those with mothers showing symptoms of chronic anxiety and the control group. Conclusions: The results indicate that mother-infant interaction is most severely compromised among mother-infant dyads comprised of mothers with chronic depressive symptoms, compared with dyads of mothers with chronic anxiety symptoms and dyads of control group mothers without mental health problems.

Maternal depression and anxiety and fetal-neonatal growth / Depressão e ansiedade maternal e crescimento fetal-neonatal

Abstract Objective: Maternal depression and anxiety have been found to negatively affect fetal and neonatal growth. However, the independent effects of maternal depression and anxiety on fetal-neonatal growth outcomes and trajectories remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze simultaneously the effects of maternal prenatal depression and anxiety on (1) neonatal growth outcomes, and (2), on fetal-neonatal growth trajectories, from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy to childbirth. Methods: A sample of 172 women was recruited and completed self-reported measures of depression and anxiety during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, and at childbirth. Fetal and neonatal biometrical data were collected from clinical reports at the same assessment moments. Results: Neonates of prenatally anxious mothers showed lower weight (p = 0.006), length (p = 0.025), and ponderal index (p = 0.049) at birth than neonates of prenatally non-anxious mothers. Moreover, fetuses-neonates of high-anxiety mothers showed a lower increase of weight from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy to childbirth than fetuses-neonates of low-anxiety mothers (p < 0.001). Considering maternal depression and anxiety simultaneously, only the effect of maternal anxiety was found on these markers of fetal-neonatal growth outcomes and trajectories. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the independent longitudinal effect of maternal anxiety on major markers of fetal-neonatal growth outcomes and trajectories, simultaneously considering the effect of maternal depression and anxiety.

Resumo Objetivo: Foi constatado que a depressão e ansiedade materna afetam negativamente o crescimento fetal e neonatal. Contudo, o efeito independente da depressão e ansiedade materna sobre os resultados e as trajetórias de crescimento fetal e neonatal continua incerto. Este estudo visou a analisar simultaneamente o efeito da depressão e ansiedade materna pré-natal (1) sobre os resultados de crescimento neonatal e (2) sobre as trajetórias do crescimento fetal-neonatal a partir do 2° trimestre de gravidez até o parto. Métodos: Uma amostra de 172 mulheres foi recrutada e elas relataram graus de depressão e ansiedade no 2° e 3° trimestre de gravidez e parto. Os dados biométricos fetais e neonatais foram coletados dos prontuários clínicos nas mesmas ondas de avaliação. Resultados: Os neonatos de mães ansiosas no período pré-natal mostraram menor peso (p = 0,006), comprimento (p = 0,025) e índice ponderal (p = 0,049) no nascimento do que os neonatos de mães não ansiosas no período pré-natal. Além disso, os neonatos de mães muito ansiosas mostraram um menor aumento de peso do 2° trimestre de gravidez até o parto que os fetos-neonatos de mães pouco ansiosas (p < 0,001). Considerando simultaneamente a depressão e a ansiedade maternal, apenas o efeito da ansiedade materna foi constatado nesses marcadores de resultados e trajetórias de crescimento fetal-neonatal. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra o efeito longitudinal independente da ansiedade materna sobre os principais marcadores de resultados e trajetórias de crescimento fetal-neonatal, considerando simultaneamente o efeito da depressão e ansiedade materna.

Ansiedade Materna e Problemas Comportamentais de Crianças com Fissura Labiopalatina / Maternal Anxiety and Behavioral Problems of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate / Ansiedad Materna y Problemas Conductuales de Niños con Fisura Labiopalatina

Resumo Indicadores emocionais maternos como a ansiedade têm sido considerados como condições de adversidade ao desenvolvimento infantil. São observadas peculiaridades e uma diversidade de achados em relação a problemas de comportamento e a outros distúrbios debilitantes em crianças ao longo do ciclo vital. O presente estudo objetivou identificar e associar indicadores clínicos para a ansiedade materna com os indicadores de problemas de comportamento (internalizantes e externalizantes) de 83 crianças com fissura labiopalatina, com idade entre três e cinco anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: protocolo de entrevista, Idate e CBCL. Os resultados apontaram que as crianças que convivem com mães com indicadores clínicos para ansiedade apresentaram prevalência de comportamentos internalizantes (p < 0,001) e externalizantes (p < 0,001). Para os meninos (37,5%) seriam identificados mais problemas de comportamento externalizantes enquanto que para as meninas (60,0%), mais problemas de comportamento internalizantes. Das mães identificadas com ansiedade avaliaram suas crianças como clínicas em problemas externalizantes (p = 0,020 e < 0,001). Considera-se que tais dados podem contribuir para o planejamento de ações preventivas e interventivas, de modo a favorecer o suporte psicológico para as mães que apresentam indicadores clínicos para ansiedade, assim como propor medidas para os problemas comportamentais das crianças que convivem com mães ansiosas....(AU)

Abstract Maternal emotional indicators such as anxiety have been considered as conditions of adversity to child development, and peculiarities and diversity of findings have been observed in relation to behavioral problems and other debilitating disorders in children across the life cycle. The present study aimed to identify and associate clinical indicators for maternal anxiety along with indicators of behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing) of 83 children with cleft lip and palate, aged between three and five years old. The instruments used were: Interview Protocol, IDATE and CBCL. The results indicated that children who live with mothers with clinical indicators for anxiety showed prevalence of internalizing (p < 0.001) and externalizing (p < 0.001) behaviors; in boys (37.5%) were identified more externalizing behavioral problems while in girls (60.0%) were identified more internalizing behavioral problems. Children with mothers identified with anxiety were evaluated as clinical in externalizing problems (p = 0.020 e < 0.001). It is considered that such data can contribute to the planning of preventive and interventional actions, in order to promote psychological support for mothers who have clinical indicators for anxiety, and to propose measures for the behavioral problems of children living with anxious mothers....(AU)

Resumen Indicadores emocionales maternos como la ansiedad han sido considerados como condiciones adversas al desarrollo infantil, observándose peculiaridades y resultados con relación a problemas de conducta y a otros disturbios debilitantes en niños a lo largo del ciclo vital. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y asociar indicadores clínicos de ansiedad materna con los indicadores de problemas de comportamiento (internalizantes y externalizantes) de 83 niños con fisura labio-palatina, con edades entre tres y cinco años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: protocolo de entrevista, Idate y CBCL. Los resultados señalaron que los niños que conviven con madres con indicadores clínicos de ansiedad presentaron prevalencia de conductas internalizantes (p < 0,001) y externalizantes (p < 0,001), siendo que para los varones (37,5%) serían identificados más problemas de comportamientos externalizantes y para las niñas (60,0%) más problemas de comportamientos internalizantes. Las madres identificadas con ansiedad evaluaron a sus niños como clínicos en problemas externalizantes (p = 0,020 e < 0,001). Consideramos que estos datos pueden contribuir para el planeamiento de acciones de prevención e intervención con la finalidad de favorecer el apoyo psicológico a las madres que presentaron indicadores clínicos de ansiedad, así como para proponer medidas para los problemas de conducta de los niños que viven con madres ansiosas....(AU)

Ansiedade materna e maternidade: revisão crítica da literatura / Maternal anxiety and motherhood: systematic review of the literature

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre ansiedade materna e maternidade, publicada entre janeiro/2009 e dezembro/2014. Foram examinados 43 artigos cujo foco de investigação era a ansiedade da mãe, a partir de consulta às bases de dados American Search Premier Complete, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO e Web of Science. O material foi analisado a partir das categorias ano da publicação, idioma, área da publicação, delineamento, participantes, instrumentos, objetivos e principais resultados e conclusões. Verificousea necessidade de desenvolvimento de instrumentos de medida específicos para a ansiedade materna, adaptados à realidade brasileira, e a importância da sua identificação no período pré-natal, como medida preventiva e protetiva para a saúde mental das mães, o desenvolvimento dos bebês e a qualidade da relação da díade. Os resultados também sugerem a necessidade de novos estudos que possam avaliar diferentes intervenções e tratamentos para o manejo dessa condição

This article presents a systematic literature review about maternal anxiety and motherhood, considering the period between January 2009 to December 2014. Forthy-three scientific articles, focused on mother's anxiety, were included, derived from a search to the following data bases: American Search Premier Complete, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO and Web of Science. The analysis was based on year of publication, language, area of publishing, design, participants, instruments, objectives and main results and conclusions. The need to develop instruments specifically targeted to assess maternal anxiety in Brazilian context was noted, and also the importance of its identification during the pregnancy, as a preventive and protective measure for the mothers mental health, the babies development and the quality of this dyadic relationship. The findings pointed to the need for further studies to evaluate different interventions and treatments to the management of this psychological condition

Maternal emotional reactions towards results of newborn hearing screening: A cross sectional survey

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> This study aims to determine the maternal reactions and emotions towards an initial "refer" result in the newborn hearing screening test and to determine the proportion of mothers who fully comprehended the test results of the newborn hearing screening test.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong> In this study, mothers of newborns with a "refer" result in the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) are given questionnaires which cover their understanding of the hearing screening test, the emotions they felt and attitude towards the results.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Our findings showed that the UNHS program protocol was properly understood by almost all the respondent mothers. Of the emotions listed from the questionnaire, being "worried" was the most persistently felt emotion.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> It is important that the results of the newborn hearing screening test be properly understood by the mothers. Mothers who experienced negative emotions brought about by the hearing screening test still believed that the newborn hearing screening test was important, were glad that their child underwent the newborn hearing screening test and will request it for their future offspring.</p>

Desenvolvimento do bebê nos dois primeiros meses de vida: variáveis maternas e sociodemográficas / Baby development in first two months of life: maternal and demographic main measurements

No presente estudo, realizado com dezesseis mães, discute-se sobre fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do bebê, em especial, variáveis maternas e sociodemográficas. As mães responderam a uma entrevista e inventários para avaliação de ansiedade e estresse. Os bebês foram avaliados pelo Inventário Portage Operacionalizado. Os resultados apontaram correlações positivas entre ansiedade e autocuidado e negativas entre estresse materno e desenvolvimento cognitivo dos bebês. Houve correlações significantes entre idade materna e desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo no segundo mês (p=0,005; 0,013). A idade gestacional mostrou-se significante para a área motora no segundo mês de vida do bebê (p=0,026), mas a correlação foi negativa. A variável peso ao nascer apontou diferença significante e negativa para cognição no segundo mês (p=0,29) e a escolaridade materna foi significante e positiva para a área de linguagem no primeiro mês (p=0,000).Os dados referendam a importância da orientação e acompanhamento de mães durante o pós-parto...

In the present study, participated sixteen mothers. We discuss about risk factors for the development of the baby, especially main measurements maternal and sociodemographic. Mothers were interviewed and inventories to assess anxiety and stress. The babies were assessed from 'Inventário Operacionalizado Portage. The results pointed positive correlations between anxiety and self-care, and negative associations between maternal stress and cognitive development of infants. There were significant correlations between maternal age and cognitive, and motor development in the second month (p=0.005; 013). Gestational age was significant for the motor area in the second month of a baby's life (p=0.026), however this correlate was negative. The variable birth weight showed significant difference in cognition and negative in the second month (p=0.29); and maternal education was significant positive for the language area in the first month (p=0.000). These results emphasized the importance of guidance and monitoring of mothers during the postpartum...

Sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em mães de recém-nascidos com e sem malformações / Depressive and anxious symptoms in mothers of newborns with and without malformations

OBJETIVO: comparar as condições emocionais de mães cujos filhos nascem com malformações visíveis (Grupo M) com as das mães de crianças eutróficas (Grupo E) logo após o nascimento. MÉTODO: foram avaliados os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão de 22 mães de cada grupo por meio do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE). Foram excluídas as mães portadoras de deficiência sensorial incapacitante, HIV, distúrbios psiquiátricos e síndromes genéticas. Os dados foram complementados com consultas a prontuários médicos da criança e da mãe. Para análise comparativa entre as medianas dos grupos foi utilizado o teste não-paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney; para amostras independentes e para os escores indicativos de sintomas clínicos, o teste exato de Fisher e o teste do χ2. RESULTADOS: houve diferenças significativas nas medianas dos escores das três subescalas (ansiedade-traço, ansiedade-estado e disforia/depressão) entre os dois grupos de mães. Houve uma porcentagem significativamente maior de mães do Grupo M com escores indicativos de sinais clínicos para depressão ou ansiedade no pós-parto imediato e, para ambos os quadros, quando comparadas com mães do Grupo E. Os resultados podem ser decorrentes de traços de personalidade materna, visto que os índices de ansiedade-traço eram significativamente maiores nas mães de crianças malformadas, mas especialmente pelo estado da criança, seu encaminhamento para a UTI e sua condição de vida futura. CONCLUSÕES: a porcentagem de mães de recém-nascidos com malformações visíveis que apresentou escores indicativos de sinais clínicos para ansiedade, depressão e ambos sugerem a necessidade de suporte, individual ou em grupo.

PURPOSE: the main goal of this study is to evaluate the emotional conditions among mothers of newborns with visible malformation (Group M) and mothers of eutrophic newborns (Group E) soon after birth. METHODS: twenty-two mothers from the Group M were matched by age and number of children to 22 mothers of the Group E. They were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The data were complemented by interviews and analyses of the medical files of both mother and child. RESULTS: the results have shown significant differences in the mean scores of the three subscales (trait anxiety, state anxiety, dysphoria/depression) between the two groups of mothers. In terms of clinical signs, there were a significantly larger percentage of mothers from Group M identified with depression and anxiety after the child's birth, and for both conditions when compared with mothers from Group E. Although the results may reflect characteristics of the maternal personality, the trait anxiety was significantly more evident in mothers of malformed children, especially due to the child's health condition, its referral to the ICU and his/her condition regarding their future life. CONCLUSION: the percentage of mothers with clinical depression and anxiety suggests the need for either individual or group support to attend the needs of the mothers and mitigate the adverse effects of stressors throughout the child's development. Support should also be provided during pregnancy, when the mothers currently receive the news about the malformation.

Ansiedade e depressão de mães de recém-nascidos com malformações visíveis / Anxiety and depression in mothers of newborns with visible deformities

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as condições emocionais de mães cujos filhos nascem com malformações visíveis, em dois momentos: após o nascimento e três meses após alta hospitalar. Para tanto, foram avaliados os sinais de ansiedade e depressão de 17 mães desses recém-nascidos pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado - IDATE. Confirmando a literatura, com outras crianças de risco, observaram-se altos índices de ansiedade e depressão no pós-parto imediato, uma redução significativa da ansiedade-estado, da depressão e dos sinais clínicos de ansiedade, três meses após a alta. Pode-se supor que estava ocorrendo uma adaptação gradual dessas mães, que contavam com suporte social e grupo de apoio, à medida que tinham um contato íntimo com a criança e percebiam suas habilidades como cuidadoras. Discutem-se as limitações do estudo e necessidade de investigações orientadas para aprofundar a identificação dos fatores que potencializam ou dificultam a adaptação materna.

This study aimed at comparing anxiety and depression symptoms in mothers of malformed babies soon after their births and three months after hospital discharge. Seventeen mothers were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory and IDATE State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. These results indicated, as in others studies, that the mothers presented an increased anxiety and depression state soon after delivery and a significant reduction in these conditions and in clinical signs of anxiety three months after discharge. These results support the suggestion that there is a gradual adaptation of the mothers as they have a close contact with the child and a sense of maternal competence. Methodological limitations of the study are discussed as well as and the need of future researches to investigate which factors potentializes or moderated maternal adaptation.

Desenvolvimento de bebês nascidos pré-termo e indicadores emocionais maternos / Development of preterm infants and mothers' emotional indicators

O objetivo do presente estudo longitudinal foi comparar o desenvolvimento de crianças nascidas pré-termo, em dois grupos diferenciados quanto à presença (G1) ou ausência (G2) de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão materna no período neonatal do bebê. A amostra foi composta por 32 crianças nascidas pré-termo, atendidas em seguimento psicológico desde a internação na UTI Neonatal até o final do primeiro ano de vida, sendo 11 do G1 e 21 do G2. Foram aplicados o Teste de Denver-II e a Escala do Desenvolvimento do Comportamento da Criança com as crianças, e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e o Inventário de Depressão Beck com as mães. As crianças de ambos os grupos apresentaram indicadores de desenvolvimento no primeiro ano de vida classificados como Normal, independentemente da presença de ansiedade e depressão materna.

The aim of this longitudinal study was to compare the developmental outcomes of preterm infants allocated into two different groups taking into account the presence (G1) or lack (G2) of mothers' anxiety and depression symptoms during the neonatal period of the babies. The sample was based on 32 preterm infants who had a psychological follow up from the NICU internship period the end of first year of life. Group 1 included 11 infants and mothers with clinical anxiety and depression symptoms and Group 2 included 21 infants and mothers without clinical symptoms (control group). The infants were assessed by the Denver-II Test and Infant Scale of Development and Behavior and the mothers by the Inventory State- Trait Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory. The children of both groups showed indicators of development on the first year of life classified as normal, regardless of the anxiety and depression symptoms of their mothers.

Maternal Anxiety related to Medication during Lactation and the Breast Feeding Rate / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To determine the type and frequency of medication taken by breast-feeding women and to evaluate the effects of maternal anxiety related to medication during lactation on the breast-feeding rate. METHODS: From April 15 to May 15 2003, we conducted a survey with a prepared questionnaire on ninety-one mothers who visited the obstetric clinics of Samsung Cheil hospital at eight weeks after delivery. The questionnaire contained information about parity, mode of delivery, whether to feed breast-milk, and the type and frequency of medicinal exposure. We also asked the degree of perceived adverse effects on her baby associated with maternal medication using 10cm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was thirty-one years and the mean number of children born to the respondents was 1.3. At the eighth week after delivery the breast-feeding rate was 65.9%. The breast-feeding rate was not related to maternal age or the number of children but rather, the mode of delivery, which was 76.9% in NSVD, 70.0% in vaginal delivery with labor induction and 50% in cesarean delivery(P<0.05). The frequency of maternal medication intake during lactation was 50%. The most frequent type of medicine was herb medicine (36.7%). The average score of perceived adverse effect on a respondent's baby during breast-feeding was about 49% in total, which was 46.5% in NSVD, 48.9% in vaginal delivery with labor induction, and 51.2% in cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: Most nursing mothers think that their medications during lactation affect adversely their babies, who, in turn, may be associated with the decrease of breast-feeding rate.