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Purpose: Congenital ocular anomalies are rare but important cause of childhood blindness. This study aimed to observe the clinical patterns of congenital ocular anomalies in the pediatric age group (0 to 5 years) and its association with various demographic parameters. Methods: Hospital?based cross?sectional study done on all pediatric patients in the 0?to?5?year age group presenting with congenital ocular anomalies to the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India between October 2018 and October 2020. Thorough clinical history was obtained, and comprehensive ocular examination was done in each case. Results: A total of 5686 patients in the 0 to 5 years age group attended the eye OPD during the study period. Congenital ocular anomalies were seen in 140 patients. The prevalence of ocular anomalies was 2.46%. Average age of patients was 3.32 ± 1.42 years. There were 74 (52.9%) males and 66 (47.1%) females. Unilateral and bilateral involvement was seen in 100 (71.45%) and 40 (28.6%) cases, respectively. Antenatal period was uneventful in 92.14% cases. Decreased vision was the most common presentation (40%). Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was the most common anomaly seen in 29 (20.71%) cases followed by congenital cataract in 21 (15%) cases. Conclusion: Few of the congenital ocular anomalies can be prevented by increasing community awareness. Findings of the study can act as a reference guide for clinicians and health professionals for counseling and health planning.
ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal nutrition is one of the most important health and welfare problems among women in developing countries. Only limited research has been conducted on the prevalence and determinants of maternal nutritional status in Maharashtra. Particularly, data on the nutritional status of pregnant women are lacking. The aim of this was to assess prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among pregnant women attending antenatal care center.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted during September to December, 2018. Randomly selected 303 pregnant women were included in the study. Nutritional status was estimated using mid-upper-arm circumference. Data on potential determinants of undernutrition were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using logistic regression. p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.Results: Overall prevalence of under-nutrition among study participants was 21.8%. Using a logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with the under nutrition were rural residence (AOR=0.675; 95%CI 0.307-1.485), having less than three years duration of marriage (AOR=6.650;95%CI 2.268-19.501), living with joint family (AOR=4.128;95%CI 1.606-10.611), no utilization of family planning methods (AOR=0.319; 95%CI 0.131-0.775), less no. of ANC visit (AOR=3.253; 95%CI 1.342-7.888) and having less frequency of meal (AOR=0.319 (0.149-0.683). Remaining all factors like religion, education, occupation, family size, gravida, parity, consumption of iron and calcium tablet, getting USG done, anti-tetanus vaccination, support from family and husband were not found as significant risk factors for undernutrition.Conclusions: Integrated approach is must to combat malnutrition among pregnant women.
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Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 43 gestantes pertenecientes a los Policlínicos "Alberto Fernández Montes de Oca" y "Carlos Manuel Ramírez Corría", municipio de San Luis, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2011, a fin de analizar la repercusión de la desnutrición materna sobre el nacimiento de niños con bajo peso. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad de la madre, bajo peso en el embarazo, recién nacidos con bajo peso, edad gestacional y ganancia insuficiente de peso. El crecimiento intrauterino retardado resultó ser la causa principal del bajo peso al nacer y el antecedente obstétrico predominante fue la desnutrición materna. Asimismo, la edad gestacional menor de 37 semanas y la desnutrición se relacionaron con la ocurrencia de recién nacidos pretérmino y con el crecimiento intrauterino retardado, respectivamente.
A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in 43 pregnant women belonging to "Alberto Fernández Monte de Oca" and "Carlos Manuel Ramírez Corría" Polyclinics, San Luis municipality, Santiago de Cuba province, from January to December 2011, in order to analyze the impact of maternal malnutrition on birth of low weight infants. Among the analyzed variables were mother's age, low weight during pregnancy, low weight infants, gestational age and insufficient weight gain. Uterine growth retardation was found to be the main cause of low birth weight and predominant obstetric history was maternal malnutrition. Also, gestational age less than 37 weeks and malnutrition were related to the occurrence of preterm infants and with uterine growth retardation, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el nacimiento de un niño bajo peso ha constituido una incógnita para los profesionales de la salud en todos los tiempos. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo que influyeron en el bajo peso al nacer, en el policlínico Aleida Fernández en los años 2007-2009. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de corte transversal en los años 2007-2009. El universo lo constituyeron las 31 embarazadas cuyos bebés presentaron pesos por debajo de 2 500 g, y la muestra quedó formada por las 22 que recibieron atención prenatal en nuestra área de salud. Se utilizó porcentaje, media y desviación estándar como estadística descriptiva. Resultados: de los recién nacidos, 16 (72,7 porciento) presentaron retardo del crecimiento intrauterino y 10 (45,4 porciento) fueron pretérminos. El 100 porciento de las estudiadas, presentó sepsis vaginal y 18 (81,8 porciento), anemia. Conclusiones: el bajo peso al nacer continúa siendo un problema de salud y durante el embarazo existen numerosos factores de riesgos favorecedores y/o causales de este, tales como: el antecedente de abortos provocados y la nuliparidad, la desnutrición materna con insuficiente ganancia ponderal, la presencia de anemia y la sepsis vaginal. El trabajo continuo y sistemático, consciente y orientado hacia la población de mayor riesgo, constituye un elemento crucial, para la reducción de este evento negativo
Introduction: the birth of an underweight child has been a mystery to health professionals at all times. Objective: to determine risk factors influencing low birth weight, at Aleida Fernández clinic from 2007 to 2009. Methods: a retrospective cross sectional study was carried out from 2007 to 2009. The universe was 31 pregnant women whose babies had weights below 2 500 g, and the sample 22 pregnant women, who received prenatal care in our health area. We used percentage, mean and standard deviation as descriptive statistics. Results: 16 (72.7 percent) out of the newborns had intrauterine growth retardation and 10 (45.4 percent) were preterm. 100 percent of the patients studied developed vaginal sepsis, and 18 (81.8 percent) developed anemia. Conclusions: low birth weight remains a health problem and during pregnancy, there are numerous predisposing risk factors and / or causes such as: a history of abortions and nulliparity, malnutrition, poor maternal weight gain, the presence of anemia, and vaginal sepsis. The continuous and systematic, conscious work aimed towards high-risk population is crucial for reducing this negative event
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal Care/methods , Nutritional Status/physiology , Infant, Low Birth Weight/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de mostrar como los factores socioeconómicos de un país influyen de forma importante en la desnutrición materna y fetal que trae como consecuencia el nacimiento de neonatos bajo peso, aspecto íntimamente relacionado con una mayor incidencia de mortalidad infantil. El nacimiento de neonatos bajo peso es un problema en el mundo actual, específicamente en los países del III mundo, identificados: Asia, África, América Latina y el Caribe, donde impera el hambre y la pobreza debido a la globalización neoliberal y también el acto deplorable de convertir alimentos en combustibles. Se demostró que adecuados factores económicos conjuntamente con los favorables sistemas sociales y políticos imperantes en cada país son decisivos para evitar el nacimiento de niños bajo peso. Se señalaron los Objetivos del Desarrollo del Milenio trazados por las diferentes organizaciones del sistema de Naciones Unidas.
A descriptive study was conducted to show how the social and economic factors of a country may substantially affect maternal and fetal malnutrition resulting in low birthweight newborns, all of which is closely related to a higher incidence of infant mortality. Low birthweighted neonates is a worldwide problem at present, particularly in the Third World countries located in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean where hunger and poverty derived from neoliberal globalization prevail, and also the sinister idea of converting food into fuels is another problem to be faced. It was proved that economic factors, social and political systems ruling in each country are decisive to avoid low birthweight children. The Millennium Development Goals laid out by the different UN organizations were pointed out.