Reparação da parede abdominal com membranas acelulares de pericárdio bovino - Parte I - Achados clínicos e radiológicos / Abdominal wall repair with acellular bovine pericardial membranes - Part I - Clinical and radiological findings

Introdução: Reduzindo os índices de recidiva de forma impactante, o emprego de biomateriais como "telas de reforço" na reparação de diferentes defeitos da parede abdominal tornou-se rotina quase obrigatória para o sucesso dessas reparações. A partir da década de 1990 houve a introdução de matrizes biológicas acelulares, iniciando-se assim uma nova era na reparação dos defeitos da parede abdominal. O objetivo é avaliar a funcionalidade do pericárdio bovino acelularizado em reparações da parede abdominal. Método: Trinta pacientes foram submetidos a reparação de defeitos da parede abdominal, com biopróteses acelulares de pericárdio bovino, perfazendo um total de 40 implantes anatomicamente individualizados. O seguimento médio foi de 31 meses, sendo os pacientes avaliados clinicamente e radiologicamente. Em três casos foram feitas biópsias das áreas implantadas permitindo análise histológica do material. Resultados: Não se observou recidiva das herniações em nenhum dos casos, tanto clinica como radiologicamente. Também não houve registro de hematomas, infecções ou qualquer fenômeno de natureza reacional local ou sistêmica. Radiologicamente, não foi possível visualizar as matrizes no local de implantação em qualquer dos períodos de pós-operatório analisados. Conclusão: As matrizes mostraram similaridade às demais membranas biológicas descritas na literatura internacional. Representando uma importante atualização e evolução conceitual, as membranas acelulares de pericárdio bovino podem ser incorporadas ao arsenal terapêutico nas reparações de parede abdominal.

Introduction: Reducing recurrence rates significantly, the use of biomaterials as "reinforcement meshes" in the repair of different abdominal wall defects has become an almost mandatory routine for the success of these repairs. From the 1990s onwards, acellular biological matrices were introduced, thus beginning a new era in the repair of abdominal wall defects. The objective is to evaluate the functionality of the acellularized bovine pericardium in abdominal wall repairs. Method: Thirty patients underwent repair of abdominal wall defects using acellular bovine pericardium bioprostheses, making a total of 40 anatomically individualized implants. The average follow-up was 31 months, with patients being evaluated clinically and radiologically. In three cases, biopsies were taken from the implanted areas, allowing histological analysis of the material. Results: No recurrence of herniations was observed in any of the cases, both clinically and radiologically. There were also no records of bruises, infections or any phenomenon of a local or systemic reaction nature. Radiologically, it was not possible to visualize the matrices at the implantation site in any of the postoperative periods analyzed. Conclusion: The matrices showed similarity to other biological membranes described in the international literature. Representing an important update and conceptual evolution, acellular bovine pericardial membranes can be incorporated into the therapeutic arsenal in abdominal wall repairs.

Reparação da parede abdominal com membranas acelulares de pericárdio bovino - Parte II - Análises histológicas e morfométricas / Repair of the abdominal wall with acellular bovine pericardial membranes - Part II - Histological and morphometric analyses

Introdução: Análise histológica é a principal ferramenta de avaliação de biopróteses acelulares, em sua maioria em caráter experimental. O objetivo é analisar histologicamente a matriz acelular de pericárdio bovino em reparações de parede abdominal implantada em humanos. Método: De uma série de 30 reparações com a membrana, 3 pacientes foram submetidas a revisão cirúrgica não relacionada aos implantes, aos 13, 22 e 23 meses de pós-operatório, obtendo-se biópsias das áreas previamente implantadas. Além da avaliação dos aspectos básicos de biocompatibilidade e neoformação tecidual, as lâminas foram digitalizadas e submetidas a análise computadorizada com o software ImageJ para quantificação da cinética de degradação das membranas, associada à análise da dimensão fractal das amostras. Os valores obtidos para porcentagens de membrana residual tiveram suas médias comparadas por análise de variância (ANOVA) e pelo teste T de Student não pareado, também utilizado para os valores da quantificação da dimensão fractal. Resultados: Foi demonstrada a biocompatibilidade do material, com neoformação tecidual, deposição de colágeno e tecido celularizado de aspecto normal, sem reações locais importantes. Fragmentos residuais da membrana foram quantificados em 40%±7% aos 13 meses, em 20%±6% aos 22 meses e em 17%±6% aos 23 meses de pós-operatório, com a análise da dimensão fractal indicando uma progressiva degradação dos implantes, com significância estatística entre 13 meses e as amostras tardias. Conclusão: Os resultados atestaram a funcionalidade do pericárdio bovino acelular sob diferentes níveis de estresse mecânico nas reparações da parede abdominal em humanos.

Introduction: Histological analysis is the main tool for evaluating acellular bioprostheses, mostly on an experimental basis. The objective is to histologically analyze the acellular matrix of bovine pericardium in abdominal wall repairs implanted in humans. Method: From a series of 30 repairs with the membrane, 3 patients underwent surgical revision unrelated to the implants at 13, 22, and 23 months postoperatively, obtaining biopsies of the previously implanted areas. In addition to evaluating the basic aspects of biocompatibility and tissue neoformation, the slides were digitalized and subjected to computerized analysis with the ImageJ software to quantify the kinetics of membrane degradation associated with the analysis of the fractal dimension of the samples. The values obtained for percentages of residual membrane had their means compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the unpaired Student's T test, also used for the fractal dimension quantification values. Results: The biocompatibility of the material was demonstrated, with tissue neoformation, collagen deposition, and cellularized tissue with a normal appearance without important local reactions. Residual fragments of the membrane were quantified at 40%±7% at 13 months, at 20%±6% at 22 months, and at 17%±6% at 23 months postoperatively, with the analysis of the fractal dimension indicating a progressive degradation of implants, with statistical significance between 13 months and late samples. Conclusion: The results confirmed the functionality of the acellular bovine pericardium under different levels of mechanical stress in abdominal wall repairs in humans.

Aesthetic effect evaluation of the xenogeneic collagen matrix in keratinized mucosa augmentation around dental implants / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the stability and aesthetic effect of a xenogeneic collagen matrix (mucograft) on achieving an adequate keratinized mucosa width (KMW) around implants and to provide a reference basis for the clinical application of xenogeneic collagen matrix materials.@*Methods@#The hospital ethics committee approved the study protocol, and the patients provided informed consent. Twenty patients with a KMW<2 mm at the buccal implant site who were treated in Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital from July 2020 to September 2022 were included, and a total of 36 implants were included. The mean age of the patients was (52.0±10.4) years, of which 18 were females and 2 were males. They were divided into a free gingival graft group (FGG, control group) and a xenogeneic collagen matrix group (test group) according to different graft materials. The incremental effect of the KMW on the buccal side of the implant and the mucosal shrinkage rate was measured at 1 month and 3 months after the operation. The mucosal scar index (MSI) was evaluated after the operation.@*Results@#At 3 months postoperatively, the KMW was (3.67 ± 1.06) mm in the control group and (2.96 ± 0.98) mm in the test group, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.076, P<0.05). The KMW shrinkage rate was (33.34 ± 16.30) % in the test group and (22.05 ± 15.47) % in the control group at 1 month postoperatively and (51.95 ± 12.60) % in the test group and (37.44 ± 16.30) % in the control group at 3 months postoperatively, with statistically significant differences between the two groups at the same time points (P<0.05). Three months after surgery, the test group showed significantly better outcomes than the control group in terms of the five scar indicators (scar width, scar convexity, scar color, scar trace, and overall appearance), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Xenogeneic collagen matrix can increase the peri-implant KMW and achieve a more natural and coordinated soft tissue aesthetic effect but with a higher shrinkage rate.

The applications of the plasma matrix in the treatments of dental pulp and periapical diseases / 口腔疾病防治

@#The plasma matrix is a kind of autologous blood conduct. It has been widely used in maxillofacial tissue regeneration, skin cosmetology and some other fields. Recently, to preserve the dental pulp as well as the teeth, pulp regeneration therapy and apical surgery have become increasingly important as well as the applications of bioactive materials. As a kind of autologous bioactive material, the plasma matrix has some natural advantages as it is easy to obtain and malleable. The plasma matrix can be used in the following cases: ①pulp revascularization of young permanent teeth with open apical foramina that cannot stimulate apical bleeding; ② apical barrier surgery with bone defects and large area perforation repair with bone defects or root sidewall repair surgery; ③ apical surgeries of teeth with large area of apical lesions, with or without periodontal diseases. The plasma matrix is a product derived from our blood, and there are no obvious contraindications for its use. Several systematic reviews have shown that the plasma matrix can effectively promote the regenerative repair of dental pulp in patients with periapical diseases. However, the applications of plasma matrix are different because its characteristics are affected by different preparation methods. In addition, there is still a lack of long-term clinical researches on the plasma matrix, and the histological evidences are difficult to obtain, so a large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are still needed. This article will describe the applications of different kinds of plasma matrix for dental pulp regeneration and bone tissue regeneration in apical surgeries to provide references for clinicians in indication selection and prognosis evaluation.

Effect of ANKRD49 on migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cells and its mechanism / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To study the effect of ankyrin repeat domain 49(ANKRD49)on the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line NCI-H1299 and its mechanism.Methods NCI-H1299 cells were infected with lentivirus vector carrying ANKRD49 gene and shRNA targeting ANKRD49 to construct the cell models stably overexpressing and knocking down ANKRD49. Meanwhile,the control cell models infected with empty lentivirus vector and lentivirus vector with scramble sequences were constructed respectively. The expression levels of ANKRD49 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The effect of ANKRD49 on cell migration was measured by scratch test. The mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2/9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1/2 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The protein expression levels of p65,p-p65,IκBα and p-IκBα were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of ANKRD49 mRNA and protein in the ANKRD49 overexpression group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t = 70. 02 and 45. 68,respectively,each P < 0. 001). Compared with the control group,the migration ability of cells in the ANKRD49 overexpression group significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h(t = 5. 343 and 3. 282,P = 0. 005 9 and 0. 030 4,respectively);The mRNA transcription levels and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly increased(t = 9. 304 and 6. 193,P =0. 000 7 and 0. 003 5,respectively),while the mRNA and protein expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 decreased significantly(t = 3. 858 and 3. 517,P = 0. 018 2 and 0. 024 5,respectively),and the values of MMP-2/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 significantly increased(t = 17. 7 and 9. 682,P < 0. 001 and < 0. 01,respectively);The expression of p-p65 and pIκBα significantly increased,the total protein levels of p65 and IκBα showed no obvious change,and the values of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα significantly increased(t = 3. 962 and 5. 370,P = 0. 016 7 and 0. 005 8,respectively). However,knocking down of ANKRD49 presented the opposite results.Conclusion ANKRD49 promotes the migration of NCI-H1299cells by enhan-cing the expression of MMP-2/9,the values of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 via activating NF-κB/p65 signa-ling pathway.

Matrix analysis for the identification of risk factors for choking and coughing while eating in disabled elderly individuals / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo identify factors related to the occurrence of choking and coughing while eating in the disabled elderly and conduct importance matrix analysis to provide a reference basis for controlling choking on food in the disabled elderly. MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to select 80 disabled elderly individuals in a hospital between October 2019 and April 2022 as the study population. The occurrence of choking and coughing while eating was recorded， and a questionnaire was administered to collect general information. Additionally， assessments were conducted using the intelligent mental status examination scale （MMSE）， oral health checklist （BOHSE）， eating assessment tool⁃10 （EAT-10）， and chewing function evaluations. Univariate and multifactorial analyses were conducted to analyze the influencing factors of choking and coughing while eating in the elderly with disabilities. ResultsThe incidence of choking and coughing while eating was 52.50% （42/80） among the 80 disabled elderly. The degree of disability （OR=2.895， 95%CI： 1.352‒6.201）， age （OR=4.040， 95%CI： 1.121‒14.562）， BOHSE score （OR=2.473， 95%CI： 1.002‒6.102）， EAT-10 score （OR=5.345， 95%CI： 2.112‒13.527）， and chewing function score （OR=3.453， 95%CI： 1.247‒9.562） were identified as risk factors for choking and coughing while eating in the disabled elderly. The MMSE score （OR=0.343， 95%CI： 0.135‒0.869） was identified as a protective factor. The importance matrix analysis indicated that EAT-10 score， MMSE score， and chewing function had high importance with slightly lower difficulty in improvement， and were thus listed as items in the priority improvement area. Age and degree of disability had high importance and high difficulty in improvement， and therefore belonged to the suboptimal improvement area. BOHS score was slightly lower both in importance and difficulty of improvement， entering the alternative improvement area. ConclusionAge， degree of disability， BOHSE score， EAT-10 score， and chewing function score are risk factors for the occurrence of choking and coughing while eating， while the MMSE score is a protective factor. The importance matrix analysis can provide a basis for targeted intervention in clinical practice.

Effect of alisol A on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by protecting blood brain barrier and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether alisol A (AA) could improve the blood brain barrier (BBB) mediated cortex cerebral ischemia-repeifusion injury (CIRI) by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Methods The global cerebral ischemia- reperfusion (GCI/R) model in mice was established, and the AA was intragastric injected subsequently for seven days. The modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), open field test and Y-maze test were applied to detect neurological function. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to detect relevant neu- rosubstance metabolism in cortex of mice. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was employed to observe the ultrastructure of BBB in cortex. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the MMP-9 level in cortex. The binding possibility of A A and MMP-9 was determined by molecular docking. Results Compared with Sham group, mice in GCI/R group have an increased mNSS score but decreased at total distance and center distance to total distance ratio in open field test as well as alternation rate in Y-maze test (P<0.01). While mice in GCI/R + AA group have a decreased mNSS score but increased at total distance and center distance to total distance ratio in open field test as well as alternation rate in Y-maze test (P<0.01) compared with GCI/R group. MRS results found that in cortex of GCI/R group mice, the level of GABA and NAA significantly decreased while the Cho, mI and Tau level increased (P<0.01). Whereas in GCI/R + AA group mice, the GABA and NAA level increased and the Cho, ml and Tau decreased significantly (P<0.01). By TEM we observed that the basilemma of cerebral microvessels collapsed, the lumen narrowed, the endothelial cells were active and plasma membranes ruffled, gaps between cells were enlarged and tight junctions were damaged and the end feet of astrocytes were swollen in GCI/R group mice. While in GCI/R + AA group mice, the lumen was filled, plasma membranes of endothelial cells were smooth, tight junctions were complete and end feet of astrocytes were in normal condition. Western blot and immunohistochemistry both found that the MMP-9 level increased in GCI/R group mice (P < 0.01) and decreased in GCI/R + AA group mice (P < 0.05). Molecular docking proved the binding between aliso A and MMP9 through TYR-50 and ARG-106, and the binding energy was calculated as -6.24 kcal · mol

Toxic effects of permethrin on HMC3 microglia and its associated mechanism / 环境与职业医学

Background Permethrin is a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide and has been found to be potentially neurotoxic. Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system and are involved in the development of a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective To observe possible toxic effects of permethrin on human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) in vitro and explore associated mechanism. Methods HMC3 were treated with 0, 10, 25, and 55 μmol·L−1 permethrin for 72 h. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53), factor-related apoptosis (FAS), caspase 3 (CASP3), and H2A histone family member X (H2AX) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The differential genes and enrichment pathways of HMC3 after 0 and 25 μmol·L−1 permethrin treatment was analyzed by RNA sequencing. HMC3 was treated by 0, 10, 25, and 55 μmol· L−1 permethrin for 72 h. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant was detected using Griess reagent. The secretion level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (including MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) families (including MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9) were detected by qPCR. The protein expressions of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP1 were detected by Western blot. Results HMC3 was arrested in G2/M phase after 0, 10, 25, and 55 μmol·L−1 permethrin treatment for 72 h, of which there was a statistically significant difference between the 55 μmol·L−1 permethrin treatment group and the control group (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression of CDKN1A was up-regulated according to the qPCR (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of apoptosis between the groups (P＞0.05). The RNA sequencing showed that the differential genes were enriched in the MAPK pathway, and the mRNA expressions of MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14 were up-regulated after the permethrin treatment at 55 μmol·L−1 compared to the control group by qPCR (P<0.05). The Western blot revealed that, compared to the control group, the levels of p-p38 and p-ERK were increased after the 10 μmol·L−1 permetrin treatment (P<0.05), the p-ERK level was increased after the 25 μmol·L−1 permetrin treatment (P<0.05), and the p-p38 level was up-regulated after the 55 μmol·L−1 permetrin treatment (P<0.05). The secretion of NO in the supernatant of HMC3 increased after permetrin treatment compared to the control group (P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expressions and the secretion of IL-6 showed an upward trend, the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β were up-regulated (P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP1 were up-regulated in the 25 and 55 μmol·L−1 permethrin groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Permethrin inhibits HMC3 cell proliferation in vitro, induces cell cycle arrest, activates MAPK pathway, and promotes the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and MMP1, which may be one of the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by permethrin.

Preparation,identification and comparison of murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against matrix protein of rabies virus strain CVS-11 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To prepare murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against rabies virus(RV) matrix(M) protein and compare their reactivity.Methods The prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a-M was constructed by using the cDNA of cells infected with RV CVS-11 strain as template,then transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3),and the induced by IPTG to express M protein.After nickel column affinity chromatography and dialysis renaturation,female BALB/c mice and New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with the M protein,and the whole blood was taken to separate the serum.The titers of the murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were detected by ELISA,and the reactivity was measured by Western blot,indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and immunoprecipitation(IP).Results The plasmid pET-28a-M was constructed correctly as identified by sequencing.The titers of murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were 1:100 and 1:256 000respectively,and the polyclonal antibodies had reactivity with different RV strains.Conclusion The murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against M protein were successfully prepared,which provides important biological tools for exploring the interaction between M protein and host protein as well as studying the pathogenesis of RV.

Application of Bayesian probabilistic linkage model in birth and death data linking / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo elucidate the principles and methods of the Bayesian probabilistic linkage model， and to demonstrate the effect of applying the model in linking birth and death data. MethodsThrough the Shanghai birth and death registration system， data of 199 025 infants born in 2017 and 1 512 infants who died in 2017 and 2018 were collected. After cleaning the data， the data were divided into monthly blocks and fully linked. The Jaro-Winkler algorithm and Euclidean distance were employed to measure the similarity of fields for matching. A Bayesian probabilistic linkage model was constructed and the linking effect was evaluated using a confusion matrix. ResultsUsing the Bayesian probabilistic linkage model， the birth and death data of infants were effectively linked， revealing that 36.71% of infants who died in Shanghai were born outside the city， and the probability of infant death was 2.6‰. The confusion matrix of the test set showed a recall rate of 0.86， precision of 0.76， and an F-score of 0.81. ConclusionThe practical application of Bayesian probabilistic linkage demonstrates a good model performance， enabling the establishment of birth-death cohorts that more accurately reflect the true levels of infant mortality. Utilizing this technique to integrate data from different departments can effectively improve research efficiency in the field of public health.

Targeting FAPα-positive lymph node metastatic tumor cells suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis

Lymphatic metastasis is the main metastatic route for colorectal cancer, which increases the risk of cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. The properties of the lymph node metastatic colorectal cancer (LNM-CRC) cells are poorly understood, and effective therapies are still lacking. Here, we found that hypoxia-induced fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα) expression in LNM-CRC cells. Gain- or loss-function experiments demonstrated that FAPα enhanced tumor cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and lymphangiogenesis via activation of the STAT3 pathway. In addition, FAPα in tumor cells induced extracellular matrix remodeling and established an immunosuppressive environment via recruiting regulatory T cells, to promote colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis (CRCLNM). Z-GP-DAVLBH, a FAPα-activated prodrug, inhibited CRCLNM by targeting FAPα-positive LNM-CRC cells. Our study highlights the role of FAPα in tumor cells in CRCLNM and provides a potential therapeutic target and promising strategy for CRCLNM.

Targeting stroma and tumor, silencing galectin 1 treats orthotopic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma

This study examines inhibiting galectin 1 (Gal1) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting roles. Our data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse HCC. The levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with survival. The roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression (OE) or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by AAV9. Prior to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations, lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor load. The treatment effect of lgals1 siRNA was further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9% or even 42% of the body weight. Comparing spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC, inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45+ cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 silencing. Within the tumors, silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor, and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNA was CD8-dependent. Overall, Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.

Effect of EGCG-based paste as intracanal dressing, in MMPs 2 and 9 expression in dog's periapical lesions

Abstract High expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions plays an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-based endodontic paste as an intracanal dressing on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions. Periapical lesions were experimentally induced in 35 mature beagle dog premolars randomly divided into healthy teeth, untreated periapical lesions, periapical lesions treated in a single session (control groups), and periapical lesions treated in two sessions with EGCG or calcium hydroxide-based pastes (experimental groups). After 120 days, specimens were obtained for histopathologic and immunofluorescence analyses to assess the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The statistical analysis was performed using a p-value of 0.05. Endodontic treatment in two sessions using medication with EGCG and calcium hydroxide-based pastes provided similar repair of the apical and periapical tissues and neoformation of periodontal ligament fibers, cementum, and alveolar bone (p>0.05). The experimental groups treated in two sessions with both medications presented expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 similar to that in healthy teeth (p>0.05), and significantly lower than teeth treated in a single session or untreated periapical lesions (p <0.001). Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, cementocytes, and vascular endothelium. The use of EGCG-based endodontic paste reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and allowed repair of periapical lesions, similar to calcium hydroxide-based paste, and superior to treatment performed in a single session.

Resumo A alta expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 em lesões periapicais desempenha um papel importante na degradação da matriz extracelular. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de uma pasta à base de epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) como curativo intracanal na expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 em lesões periapicais. Lesões periapicais foram induzidas experimentalmente em 35 pré-molares de cães da raça beagle, maduros, divididos aleatoriamente em dentes saudáveis, lesões periapicais não tratadas, lesões periapicais tratadas em uma única sessão e lesões periapicais tratadas em duas sessões com a pasta de EGCG ou pasta à base de hidróxido de cálcio. O operador monitorou os animais e realizou a eutanásia após 120 dias para análises histopatológicas e de imunofluorescência para avaliar a expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando p=0,05. O tratamento endodôntico em duas sessões com pasta à base de EGCG e pasta à base de hidróxido de cálcio proporcionou níveis semelhantes de reparação dos tecidos apicais e periapicais e neoformação de fibras do ligamento periodontal, cemento e osso alveolar. Em ambos os grupos, a expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 foi mínima, sendo observada no citoplasma de fibroblastos, osteoblastos, cementoblastos, cementócitos e endotélio vascular. Em ambos os grupos tratados em duas sessões, a expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 foi semelhante à dos dentes hígidos e significativamente menor do que nas lesões periapicais tratadas em sessão única ou não tratadas (p < 0,001). O uso da pasta à base de EGCG reduziu a expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 e permitiu o reparo de lesões periapicais, semelhante à pasta à base de hidróxido de cálcio, e foi superior ao tratamento realizado em sessão única.

Longitudinal bond strength of a universal adhesive and chemical dentin characterization under different acid etching protocols

Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal bond strength of a universal adhesive and chemically characterize the dentin substrate under different acid etching protocols. Methodology Dentin samples were etched with polyacrylic acid 25% (PAA) for 10 seconds (n=3) and phosphoric acid 32% (PA) for 15 seconds (n=3) and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) before and after treatment. For collagen degradation, samples (n=12) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Deionized water (control), and analyzed by the quantity of solubilized type I collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides and solubilized C-terminal peptide in relation to total protein concentration (ICTPtp and CTXtp) and by their ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For the adhesive interface analysis, dentin samples (n=72) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Self-etch (SE), and subdivided into 2 groups: 24 h (baseline) and 1 year. The following tests were performed: microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (n=48), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n=12), and nanoleakage (n=12). Results The FTIR of PAA showed lower reduction of the peaks in the phosphate group when compared to PA. For ICTPtp, PA showed a significantly higher value. For CTXtp, PA and PAA groups failed to statically differ from each other. UTS was significantly lower for PA. For μTBS, storage time significantly affected bond strength. The results were unaffected by the etching protocol. For SEM, after 1 year, PA had little evidence of degradation in the upper third of the adhesive interface in comparison to the other groups. Nanoleakage showed no considerable silver impregnation after 1 year in the SE group. Conclusion The use of PAA prior to a universal adhesive (when compared to PA) represents a less aggressive type of etching to dentin. However, self-etching still seems to be the best option for universal adhesive systems that have functional monomers in their composition.

Development and evaluation of Tamil Matrix Sentence Test Performance in young adults

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of the study was to develop the Tamil Matrix Sentence Test (TMST) and evaluate the performance of a group of young adults with normal hearing on the developed test. The developed sentences were also administered at varying intensities to obtain a performance-intensity (PI) function. Methods A base matrix with 10 sentences containing 5 words each with a total of 50 words was used to develop the TMST. The sentences had a fixed semantic sentence structure of Tamil language in the order of noun, number, adjective, object and verb. The developed test consisted of 30 lists with 10 sentences in each list. The performance of 60 young adults with normal hearing aged 18 to 24 years across the 30 lists were compared for list equivalency. To obtain the PI function the sentences were administered on 20 young adults with normal hearing at intensities from 20 dB HL to 100 dB HL in 10 dB increments. The performance across the intensity levels were compared. Results The 30 lists of TMST were found to be acoustically equivalent. However, few lists showed significant difference in the scores obtained on them compared to the rest of the lists. The PI function revealed a saturation in performance beyond 40 dB HL. Conclusion From the results it was construed that TMST can be used to evaluate the speech identification abilities of Tamil speaking listeners. Multiple lists offer the advantage of retesting without the influence of practice or listeners memorizing the test material.

ENAM gene polymorphisms associated with dental anomalies in individuals with cleft lip and palate

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of enamelin gene (ENAM) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and ENAM polymorphism association with dental anomalies (DA) in individuals with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP). Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 147 individuals aged between 6 and 15 years-old, both genders, and divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (G1) - CLP and DA; Group 2 (G2) - CLP without DA; Group 3 (G3) - without CLP with DA; Group 4 (G4) - without CLP and DA. The genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples and the following ENAM SNPs markers were genotyped: rs3796703, rs3796704, rs3796705, rs7671281, rs2609428, and rs35951442. Fisher exact and Pearson's Chi-square tests statistically analyzed the results (α=5%). Results: Individuals without CLP with DA (Group 3 - 19.2%) showed statistically higher prevalence of SNP rs2609428 heterozygotes (p=0.006) than individuals with CLP and DA (Group 1 - 0%). Individuals without CLP (10%) exhibited statistically higher prevalence of mutated heterozygotes/homozygous (p=0.028) than in individuals with CLP (1.3%). Conclusion: SNP rs2609428 marker of ENAM gene may be associated with dental anomalies in individuals without cleft lip and palate

Enterococcus faecium M7AN10 probiótico em matriz alimentar para cães / Enterococcus faecium M7AN10 probiotic in food matrix for dogs / Enterococcus faecium M7AN10 probiótico en matriz alimentaria para perros

Probióticos são capazes de melhorar o equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal, trazendo benefícios ao hospedeiro. Atualmente no mercado há poucas opções de alimentos, com probióticos em sua composição, destinados a cães e gatos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma matriz alimentar canina (ração úmida) com o probiótico Enterococcus faecium M7AN10. Para tal, avaliou-se a inocuidade, atividade enzimática, atividade antimicrobiana, potencial probiótico e a viabilidade do microrganismo em matriz alimentar canina. O isolado foi considerado inócuo, pois apresentou ausência de atividade hemolítica e de gelatinase, além de ser suscetível a diversos antimicrobianos. E. faecium M7AN10 apresentou atividade proteolítica e capacidade de produção de exoplissacarídeo. Em relação a atividade antimicrobiana pelo método da estria radial, o isolado inibiu Acinetobacter sp. 1, Corynebacterium sp. 4, Micrococcus luteus 33, Micrococcus luteus 43, Micrococcus sp. 3, Micrococcus sp. 20, Micrococcus sp. 36. Além disso, E. faecium M7AN10 apresentou capacidade de autoagregação de 33,50% e resistiu de forma constante quando submetido ao trato gastrointestinal in vitro em conjunto com Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB 1.5 e Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LB 6.4. O cultivo misto manteve-se viável em matriz alimentar canina durante o período de oito dias. Com base nesses resultados, o isolado E. faecium M7AN10 foi considerada uma bactéria candidata a probiótico que pode vir a ser usada como aditivo em alimento para cães.

Probiotics are capable of improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota, bringing benefits to the host. Currently, on the market, there are few food options with probiotics in their composition intended for dogs and cats. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a canine food matrix (wet food) with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium M7AN10. To this end, the harmlessness, enzymatic activity, antimicrobial activity, probiotic potential, and viability of the microorganism in the canine food matrix were evaluated. The isolate was considered harmless, as it showed no hemolytic and gelatinase activity and was susceptible to several antimicrobials. E. faecium M7AN10 showed proteolytic activity and exopolysaccharide production capacity. Regarding antimicrobial activity using the radial stria method, the isolate inhibited Acinetobacter sp. 1, Corynebacterium sp. 4, Micrococcus luteus 33, Micrococcus luteus 43, Micrococcus sp. 3, Micrococcus sp. 20, Micrococcus sp. 36. Furthermore, E. faecium M7AN10 showed a self-aggregation capacity of 33.50% and resisted consistently when subjected to the gastrointestinal tract in vitro together with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB 1.5 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LB 6.4. The mixed culture remained viable in a canine food matrix over eight days. Based on these results, the isolate E. faecium M7AN10 was considered a candidate bacterium for a probiotic that could be used as an additive in dog food.

Los probióticos son capaces de mejorar el equilibrio de la microbiota intestinal, aportando beneficios al huésped. Actualmente en el mercado existen pocas opciones de alimentos con probióticos en su composición, destinados a perros y gatos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una matriz alimentaria canina (comida húmeda) con el probiótico Enterococcus faecium M7AN10. Para ello se evaluó la inocuidad, actividad enzimática, actividad antimicrobiana, potencial probiótico y viabilidad del microorganismo en matriz alimentaria canina. El aislado fue considerado inofensivo, ya que no mostró actividad hemolítica ni gelatinasa, además de ser susceptible a varios antimicrobianos. E. faecium M7AN10 mostró actividad proteolítica y capacidad de producción de exoplisacáridos. En cuanto a la actividad antimicrobiana mediante el método de las estrías radiales, el aislado inhibió a Acinetobacter sp. 1, Corynebacterium sp. 4, Micrococcus luteus 33, Micrococcus luteus 43, Micrococcus sp. 3, Micrococcus sp. 20, Micrococcus sp. 36. Además, E. faecium M7AN10 mostró una capacidad de autoagregación del 33,50% y resistió consistentemente cuando se sometió al tracto gastrointestinal in vitro junto con Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB 1.5 y Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LB 6.4. El cultivo mixto permaneció viable en una matriz de alimento canino durante un período de ocho días. Con base en estos resultados, el aislado E. faecium M7AN10 se consideró una bacteria candidata para un probiótico que podría usarse como aditivo en la comida para perros.

Bone protective effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate induced knee and hip injury in rat model: an inflammatory pathway

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is categorized via destruction of joint cartilage and it also affects the various joints, especially knees and hips. Sinomenine active phytoconstituents isolated from the stem of Sinomenium acutum and already proof anti-inflammatory effect against the arthritis model of rodent. In this experimental protocol, we scrutinized the anti-osteoarthritis effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats. Methods: MIA (3 mg/50 µL) was used for inducing the OA in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sinomenine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight) up to the end of the experimental study (four weeks). The body and organs weight were estimated. Aggrecan, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), glycosaminoglycans (GCGs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were analyzed. Results: Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) boosted the body weight and reduced the heart weight, but the weight of spleen and kidney remain unchanged. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of nitric oxide, MCP-1 and improved the level of aggrecan, IFN-γ and GCGs. Sinomenine remarkably upregulated the level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and suppressed the level of malonaldehyde. It effectually modulated the level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of MMPs, like MMP-1, 2, 3, 9 and 13. Conclusions: Sinomenine is a beneficial active agent for the treatment of OA disease.

Recubrimiento radicular de recesiones gingivales con matriz dérmica acelular / Root coverage of gingival recession with acellular dermal matrix

La recesión gingival es considerada como una deformidad o condición mucogingival, la Academia Americana de Periodontología, define a la recesión gingival como el desplazamiento del margen del tejido blando apical a la unión cemento-esmalte con la exposición de la superficie radicular. El tratamiento de las recesiones gingivales es un motivo de consulta común debido a razones estéticas, hipersensibilidad dentinaria, molestias durante el cepillado e incluso temor a la pérdida dentaria. Es una situación clínica común, 60% de la población humana tiene algún tipo de recesión gingival. Al realizar el examen clínico a paciente masculino de 55 años, se observó una recesión gingival tipo 1 (RT1) sin pérdida de inserción interproximal de la clasificación de Cairo. Se realizó el colgajo posicionado coronalmente (CPC) utilizando una matriz dérmica acelular (MDA) de origen humano OrACELL®. Se obtuvo resultado favorable en el recubrimiento de recesiones gingivales múltiples; considerándolos como una buena alternativa frente a los injertos gingivales autógenos. Concluyendo que, el uso de la matriz dérmica acelular para el tratamiento de la recesión gingival tipo 1 es una adecuada opción para el recubrimiento radicular. Se recomiendan más estudios a largo plazo para ver la estabilidad de los resultados obtenidos con la MDA (AU)

Gingival recession, considered a deformity or mucogingival condition, the American Academy of Periodontology, defines gingival recession as the exposure of the root surface resulting from migration of the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The treatment of gingival recessions is a common reason for consultation due to aesthetic reasons, dentin hypersensitivity, discomfort during brushing and even fear of tooth loss. It is a common clinical situation, 60% of the human population has some kind of gingival recession. Clinical examination of a 55-year-old male patient showed a type 1 gingival recession (RT1) without loss of interproximal insertion of the Cairo classification. Coronally advanced flap (CAF) was performed using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) of human origin OrACELL®. Favorable results were obtained in the coating of multiple gingival recessions; considering them as a good alternative to autogenous gingival grafts. Concluding that, the use of the acellular dermal matrix for the treatment of gingival recession type 1, is a suitable option for root lining. Further long-term studies are recommended to see the elasticity of MDA outcomes (AU)

Mecanismos preventivos de la degradación de la capa híbrida / Preventive mechanisms of the degradation of the hybrid layer

Uno de los mayores retos de la odontología actual es lograr una adhesión duradera y estable entre los materiales de restauración y los tejidos dentales. Los protocolos adhesivos han ido cambiando a lo largo del tiempo para cumplir con dicho objetivo, tratando de mantener la integridad de la capa hibrida, por lo que se revisaron los factores que provocan la degradación de la capa hibrida y los mecanismos propuestos para prevenir esta degradación. Se realizó una investigación y recopilación de información bibliográfica especializadas en el tema, en buscadores científicos como PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc, Medigraphic y Scopus. Para los criterios de inclusión se consideraron años de publicación entre el año 2002 al 2022, enfocados en trabajos de investigación relacionados con la degradación de la interfaz de unión resina-dentina y mecanismos para prevenir esta degradación en la capa híbrida. El mecanismo mas estudiado a corto y largo plazo es la aplicación de clorhexidina, la cual se utiliza después del ácido fosfórico y antes del adhesivo, inhibe la actividad proteolítica de las metaloproteinasas de la matriz (MMPs) y retarda la degradación de las fibras colágenas, consiguiendo de esta manera una mayor vida de las restauraciones adhesivas.

One of the biggest challenges in dentistry is to achieve a long-lasting and stable bond between restorative materials and dental tissues. The adhesive protocols have been changing over time to meet this objective, trying to maintain the integrity of the hybrid layer, so the factors that cause the degradation of the hybrid layer and the mechanisms proposed to prevent this degradation were reviewed. An investigation and compilation of specialized bibliographic information on the subject was carried out, in scientific search engines such as PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc, Medigraphic, Scopus, among others, as well as books. For the inclusion criteria, years of publication between 2002 and 2022 were considered, focused on research works related to the degradation of the resin-dentin bonding interface and mechanisms to prevent this degradation in the hybrid layer. The placement of CHX is used after the application of phosphoric acid and before the adhesive, it inhibits the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the degradation of collagen fibers, thus achieving a longer life of resin dental restorations.