Morpho-physiological Basis of Yield Performance of Early Maturing Rice Varieties in Bangladesh

A considerable progress in plant breeding for higher yield is attained mainly through selection of morpho-physiological attributes in rice. The field experiments were conducted at three different locations under sub-tropical conditions with four early maturing rice varieties viz., Binadhan-7, Binadhan-17, BRRI dhan33, and BRRI dhan39 during kharif-2 rice season (Aman; July-October) of 2016 to find out the natural variation in the morpho-physiological attributes contributing to higher grain yield in rice. Morphological parameters on plant height, root structure, tillering ontogeny, internode elongation pattern, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf angle, number of primary & secondary rachis, branches and also physiological traits on chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, total dry mass, growth rate, number of vascular bundles, harvest index with yield and yield contributing characters were studied. Results indicated that plants having rapid growth and development at early growth stages showed higher chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, long flag leaf, number of vascular bundles in 1st internode and also exhibited the increase in the number of grains per panicle resulting higher grain yield. Among the test varieties, Binadhan-17 showed superiority in the most morpho-physiological criteria and higher number of vascular bundles manifesting in higher grain yield. This information may help breeders to identity and develop high yielding rice variety.

Postharvest quality and functional compounds in "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruit at different stages of maturity / Qualidade pós-colheita e compostos funcionais de pimenta dedo-de-moça 'BRS Mari' em diferentes estádios de maturação

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruits at different maturity stages, and determine the ideal harvest stage for fresh consumption. The pepper plants were grown in the experimental field of Embrapa Hortaliças (Brasília, DF, Brazil) in 2012, and their fruits were evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after anthesis (DAA) to determine the soluble solid content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, color (hue angle and lightness), a, b, and total chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and capsanthin. It was observed that SS content increased until 70 DAA, and TA increased until 50 DAA, with decrease at 80 DAA. The a and total chlorophyll decreased until 60 DAA. Values for chlorophyll b were high until 30 DAA, and then decreased. The values for hue angle and lightness decreased until 60 DAA, indicating a change from green to red in fruits external color, with small changes in color from 60 to 80 DAA. The TPC content increased until 60 DAA, and then small increases occurred until 80 DAA. The AA increased as the fruit ripened, and the capsanthin content increased until 70 DAA. These results indicated that the ideal stage for harvest of the "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruits is at 70 days after anthesis, when they also have a full development of red color in the fruit epidermis.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físico-químicas e propriedades funcionais da pimenta dedo-de-moça 'BRS Mari', em diferentes estádios de maturação, e determinar o estádio ideal de colheita dos frutos destinados ao consumo in natura. As pimentas foram cultivadas no campo experimental da Embrapa Hortaliças (Brasília, DF, Brasil), em 2012. Seus frutos avaliados aos 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 dias após a antese (DAA) quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, coloração (ângulo hue e luminosidade), clorofilas a, b e total, compostos fenólicos totais (CFT), atividade antioxidante (AAT) e capsantina. Observou-se que o teor de SS aumentou até 70 DAA e a AT aumentou até os 50 DAA com decréscimo aos 80 DAA. Clorofilas a e total diminuíram até 60 DAA. Os valores de clorofila b foram mais elevados até 30 DAA e depois diminuíram. Os valores de ângulo hue e luminosidade diminuíram até 60 DAA, indicando mudança de verde para vermelho na 'coloração externa' dos frutos, com pequenas mudanças na coloração de 60 até 80 DAA. O conteúdo CFT aumentou até 60 DAA e depois pequenos aumentos ocorreram até 80 DAA. AAT aumentou à medida que os frutos amadureciam e o conteúdo de capsantina aumentou até 70 DAA. Esses resultados indicam que o estádio ideal para colheita da pimenta dedo-de-moça 'BRS Mari' é aos 70 dias após a antese, quando ela também apresenta o total desenvolvimento da coloração vermelha na epiderme.

17,20 beta-P and cortisol are the main in vitro metabolites of 17-hydroxy-progesterone produced by spermiating testes of Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes Sciaenidae)

The aim was to investigate the major C21 steroids produced by spermiating white croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Sciaenidae) in order to establish the potential mediator of gamete maturation in males of this species. The testes steroid production at the spawning season was identified incubating the 3H-17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione precursor through thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, enzymatic oxydation, acetylation and immunochemistry analyses. 17,20β-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P) and 11β,17,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (cortisol) were the main metabolites produced. Contrary to what we expected, 17,20β,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was not detected. Circulating levels of 17,20β-P were undetectable in immature testes and in those at the first spermatogenesis stages, while a clear increase was observed during the whole spermatogenesis and spermiation phases (from undetectable to 1047 pg mL-1). In vitro studies together with plasma detection suggest that 17,20β-P is a good steroid candidate involved in M. furnieri testes maturation. The role of cortisol during late phases of testes development needs further studies.

El objetivo fue investigar cuales eran los esteroides C21 más importantes producidos por los testículos en espermiación de la corvina blanca Micropogonias furnieri (Sciaenidae) para poder identificar los potenciales mediadores de la maduración gamética de los machos de esta especie. Los esteroides producidos por los testículos en espermiación fueron identificados después de su incubación con el precursor 3H-17-hidroxi-4-pregnene-3,20-diona a través de cromatografía de capa fina y cromatografía líquida de alta presión y posteriormente por oxidación enzimática, acetilación e inmunoquímica. Los principales metabolitos producidos por los testículos en espermiación fueron la 17,20β-Dihidroxi-4-pregnen-3-ona (17,20β-P) y la 11β,17,21-Trihidroxi-4-pregnene-3,20-diona (cortisol). Contrariamente a lo esperado, no se encontró el derivado tri-hidroxilado de la progesterona llamado 17,20β,21-Trihidroxi-4-pregnen-3-ona. Los niveles circulantes de 17,20β-P fueron no detectable en los testículos inmaduros y en aquellos en inicios de espermatogénesis, mientras que un aumento claro en las concentraciones circulantes fue detectada en corvinas en plena espermatogénesis y en espermiación (desde no detectable a 1047 pg mL-1). Los resultados obtenidos in vitrojunto a los cambios a nivel plasmático sugieren que la 17,20β-P es un buen candidato a proponer como esteroide involucrado en la regulación del proceso de maduración testicular de la corvina. La función del cortisol a nivel testicular debería ser mejor estudiada en las etapas finales del desarrollo testicular de esta especie.

A maturação como defesa: uma reflexão psicanalítica à luz da obra de Ferenczi e Winnicott / Maturing as defence: a psychoanalytical reflection on Ferenczi’s and Winnicott’s Works / La maturation comme défense: une réflexion psychanalytique à la lumière des travaux de Ferenczi et Winnicott / La maduración como defensa: una reflexión psicoanalítica a la luz de las obras de Ferenczi y de Winnicott

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a noção de maturação como defesa, a partir da metáfora do “bebê sábio” na concepção de Ferenczi e do conceito de “falso self” na obra de Winnicott. A investigação discute a relação entre os processos de maturação e a dimensão do cuidado nos primórdios da existência, enfatizando as repercussões psíquicas da progressão traumática.

This study aims to investigate the notion of maturing as defense, based on Ferenczi’s “wise baby” metaphor and Winnicott’s “false self” concept. It discusses the relationship between maturation processes and the dimension of care during the early childhood years, emphasizing the psychic repercussions of the traumatic progression.

Cette étude a pour but d’examiner la notion de maturation comme défense à partir de la métaphore du ®nourrisson savant¼ chez Ferenczi et du ®faux self¼ dans l’œuvre de Winnicott. Notre recherche discute le rapport entre les processus de maturation et la dimension des soins dans les premières années d’existence, en soulignant les répercussions psychiques de la progression traumatique.

El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la noción de maduración como defensa desde la metáfora del “bebé sabio”, en la concepción de Ferenczi, y de la idea del “falso self”, en la obra de Winnicott. La investigación discute la relación entre los procesos de maduración y la dimensión del cuidado en los albores de la existencia, haciendo énfasis en las repercusiones psíquicas de la progresión traumática.

A casa e o holding: conversas entre Bachelard e Winnicott / The house and holding: conversations between

O artigo articula alguns aspectos da filosofia de Gaston Bachelard com outros da psicanálise de D. W. Winnicott. O espaço é tema central da fenomenologia bachelardiana, assim como o ambiente ocupa lugar de destaque na psicanálise de Winnicott. A idéia é mostrar como o espaço concreto é essencial nos primeiros momentos da existência humana, não havendo uma subjetividade isolada do contexto em que esta se desdobra. Como o paralelo entre o pensamento desses dois autores não é evidente, o desafio deste texto é justamente tecer alguns elos. Para tanto, um estudo sobre a casa na obra de Bachelard foi desenvolvido e, por outro lado, pesquisou-se o conceito de holding no pensamento winnicottiano. Considera-se que a interlocução entre os autores oferece uma nova perspectiva acerca do enredamento entre as sutilezas de um espaço primordial e a constituição da subjetividade.

The article weaves some aspects from Gaston Bechelard’s philosophy with others from D. W. Winnicott’s psychoanalysis. The space is a main subject in Bachelard’s phenomenology in the same way as the environment stands out in Winnicott’s psychoanalysis. The purpose is to show how the concrete space is essential in the first moments of the human existence, having no isolate subjectivity from the situation in which it unfolds. Since the parallel between the works of these two authors is not evident, the challenge of this text is precisely to stitch them together. In order to achieve this, it will be necessary to undertake a study of the home in Bachelard’s work and on the other hand, research the concept of holding in the Winnicottian thought. The dialogue between the authors offers a new perspective on the intersection between the primordial space’s subtleties and the subjectivity’s constitution.