A Case Report of Mucormycosis in a Patient with a Recent History of COVID-19 Infection in India

Introduction: Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive fungal infection that increased significantly during the 2nd wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in India. The rise of cases was attributed to inflammatory changes, poor quality oxygen, immune suppression, and corticosteroid therapy. Case Presentation: This case study reports the history, treatment, and rehabilitation of a case of post-Covid-19 mucormycosis infection. The patient was admitted to the hospital following respiratory distress, at the beginning of the 2nd Covid-19 wave in India. Intravenous antibiotics, steroids, and moist O2 were administered, intensive support was provided and the patient was discharged after 13 days. Following extraction of 17, the patient reported signs of oro-antral communication which was managed by performing antral lavage and buccal advanced flap closure. Histopathological investigation of tissue salvaged during the procedure revealed the presence of fungal hyphae. Management and Prognosis: Following diagnosis, anti-fungal medication was prescribed, and a maxillectomy was performed to remove the affected tissue. On follow-up, the tissue healed with no further complications or symptoms, and rehabilitation was performed using an obturators and are movable complete denture. Histopathological investigations were carried out on the tissue salvaged during maxillectomy which confirmed Mucormycosis infection. Conclusion: The importance of histopathological investigation in the diagnosis of any infectious disease is enumerated in this paper

Cloud of cotton inside the maxillary sinus: A unique case report worth sharing

The maxillary sinus is one of the most important structures present in the vicinity of the oral cavity. Unknowingly, it often gets involved when the environment of dentoalveolar structures of the maxillary unit jeopardize. There are lots of reasons such as trauma, forceful extraction which may change the internal environment of the maxillary sinus, and the balance of its microbial flora. Among them, oroantral communication and oroantral fistula cause chronic sinusitis inevitably. However, this case is unique by virtue due to the formation of chronic sinusitis by the intrusion of a foreign body by the patient himself and followed by the formation of an oroantral fistula after the extraction of an offending tooth.

Treatment of Blowout fracture with video-assisted surgery / Tratamento de fratura Blowout com auxílio de vídeo-cirurgia

ABSTRACT Posterior fractures of the orbital floor are challenging, since an incomplete visualization of the defect through conventional surgical accesses may compromise the surgical outcome. The use of the endoscope as an auxiliary method during orbital reconstructions may be considered as a tool of considerable importance, mainly due to the visualization of the whole extension of fracture and adaptation of meshes or bone grafts. This study aims to report a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with extensive blowout fracture showing diplopy, enophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia in supraversion, who underwent a subciliary approach combined with transantral video assisted surgery. There were no intercurrences on the procedure. Currently, patient has 1 year of follow up, with reestablished orbital function and architecture.

RESUMO As fraturas posteriores do assoalho orbital são desafiadoras, visto que a incompleta visualização do defeito por meio dos acessos cirúrgicos convencionais poderá comprometer o resultado cirúrgico. O uso do endoscópio como método auxiliar durante as reconstruções orbitais pode ser considerado uma ferramenta de grande importância principalmente para visualização de toda a extensão da fratura e adaptação das malhas ou enxertos ósseos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de um paciente diagnosticado com uma extensa fratura blowout apresentando clinicamente diplopia, enoftalmo e oftalmoplegia em supraversão, o qual foi submetido a tratamento através da abordagem subciliar combinada com a cirurgia vídeo-assistida transantral. O procedimento foi realizado sem intercorrências, estando o paciente com 1 ano de acompanhamento, com função e arquitetura orbital restabelecidos.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma in maxillary antrum – A rare presentation

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor comprising <1% of all malignancies of head and neck and 10-15 % of the malignant tumors of salivary glands. Most of it arises in minor salivary glands nearly about 60%. Intraorally, about 50% of adenoid cystic carcinomas occur in the palate. Here by, we present a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma affecting the left maxillary antrum and palate on the same side in 30 years old male along with a brief review of literature.

The imploding antrum: An unusual case of nontraumatic painless enophthalmos.

The imploding antrum or silent sinus syndrome is a rare phenomenon that presents with spontaneous painless enophthalmos and hypoglobus. It occurs due to ipsilateral maxillary antral atelectasis secondary to asymptomatic obstructive chronic sinus mucosal disease. Ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and radiologists must be aware of this entity. This article illustrates the typical presentation in a 17‑year‑old male with unilateral ptosis and a deep superior sulcus, and characteristic imaging findings of ipsilateral increased orbital volume and depression of the orbital floor, maxillary sinus opacification and atelectasis with retraction of the posterolateral and medial walls, lateralization of the uncinate process, and obstruction of the ostiomeatal unit. This is probably the first time that the syndrome is being reported in such a young person. The pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities of this entity are also reviewed.

Comunicação bucossinusal através do ligamento periodontal:relato de caso / Oroantral communication through the periodontal ligament: case report

Comunicações ou fístulas bucossinusais são espaços patológicos criados entre o seio maxilar e a cavidade bucal, geralmente associadas a exodontias em região posterior de maxila. A literatura cita inúmeros fatores etiológicos e métodos de fechamento, que dependem do bom diagnóstico e de indicação adequada, variando tais comunicaçõesem relação a tamanho, duração, associação com patologias sinusais e localização. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar uma comunicação bucossinusal de difícil diagnóstico, através do ligamento periodontal do primeiro molar, após tentativas de enxerto gengival no local.

Communications or oroantral fistulas are pathological spaces created between maxillary sinus and the oral cavity, which are usually associated with tooth extraction in the area of posterior maxilla. The literature suggests several etiological factors and of hard diagnosis through the first molar periodontal ligament, after attempts of methods torepair it, that rely on an appropriate diagnosis and indication. Change according to the size, duration and association with sinus conditions and location. The purpose of this current report is to relate an oroantral communication gingival graft in the affected site.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor with impacted maxillary third molar involving the right maxillary antrum:An unusual case report.

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), first described by Phillipsen in 1956, has metamorphosized as a keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) as reported in WHO classification of head and neck tumors in 2005. KCOT is a benign intraosseous neoplasm of the jaw and its occurrence in maxilla is unusual and its appearance in maxillary antrum along with maxillary impacted third molar is very uncommon. This article reports a case of KCOT associated with impacted maxillary third molar in right maxillary antrum and describes its rare site of occurrence.

Verrucous Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

Verrucous carcinma is a variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Althousgh the tumor is well-documented in the oral cavity or larynx, its occurrence in the maxillary antrum is very rare. It of fa relatively nonaggressive tumor which seldom metastasizes to the neck or distantly With proper treatment, the prognosis is excellent. We have experienced a case of verrucous carcinoma arising in maxillary antrum which was sucessfully treated with maxillectomy. In this paper, we report this case with a review of literature.

Radiotherapy of Carcinoma of Maxillary Antrum / 대한치료방사선과학회지

Seventy-nine patients with carcinoma of maxillary antrum treated at the department of therapeutic radiology, Kosin Medical Center, between June 1980 and December 1986 were analyzed retrospectively for survival rate and treatment failure. Forty-three patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and thirty-six patients were treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy. The overall 5 year survival rate was 32%, patients that were treated with radiotherapy alone had a 5-year survival rate of 23%, and patients who were treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy had a 5-year survival rate of 42%. 54 patients(68.4%) failed to be cured. Among these 54 patients, 37 patients(68.5%) had only locoregional failure, 16 patients(29.6%) had locoregional failure and distant metastases and 1 patient had only distant metastasis. From above study combination of surgery and radiotherapy might be a better treatment modality for carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.

Radiotherapy of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Maxillary Antrum / 대한치료방사선과학회지

One hundred-ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary antrum treated at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital between Febryary 1979 and September 1986 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, only 73 patients were eligible for analysis. Forty-one patients were treated with combination of surgery and radiation therapy and 32 patients were treated with radiation therapy alone. The majority of patients had advanced stage (including 47% T4 tumor). Overall 5 year survival rate was 40.4%. In the radiotherapy alone group, 5 year survival rate was 22.1%, and in the combined surgery and radiotherapy group, 5 year survival rate was 65.3%. Of 31 patients who had failures, 22 patients (71.0%) had local failures, 6 patients (19.3%) had regional failures and 3 patients (9.7%) had distant metastasis. Planned combined treatment with surgery followed by radiation therapy is an effective modality for carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.