Marking the Micro Details in Potentially Malignant Disorders of Oral Cavity

Background- The malignancy of the oral cavity constitutes the most important group of malignancies in South and Southeast Asia.The risk increases with the use of tobacco products. Materials & Methods- Micronuclei frequency scoring was used as a biomarker to identify different potentially malignant disorders. Results- Mean micronuclei index was found higher using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain than Papanicolaou's stainand May Grunwald's stain. Conclusion- We concluded that the micronuclei frequencies in oral exfoliated epithelial cells using three different stains- Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Papanicolaou's stain, May Grunwald's stain may be useful in predicting the malignant potential of premalignant lesions.

Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine / 中风与神经疾病杂志

Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine@#Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine are commonly seen in children and are likely to evolve into migraine in the subsequent course of the disease， including several subtypes such as benign paroxysmal torticollis， benign paroxysmal vertigo， and recurrent gastrointestinal disturbance. Understanding the above syndromes has an important clinical significance in the diagnosis of migraine in children.

Trombose venosa profunda de veia ilíaca contralateral após stent venoso posicionado na confluência ilíaco-cava: um desafio terapêutico / Deep venous thrombosis of the contralateral iliac vein after stenting of the iliocaval confluence: a therapeutic challenge

Resumo O tratamento de escolha para pacientes com síndrome de compressão venosa sintomática é o implante de stent venoso. Entretanto, esse tratamento possui complicações bem documentadas e, embora rara, trombose venosa profunda contralateral é uma dessas complicações. Nosso objetivo é apresentar um caso de trombose venosa profunda da veia ilíaca contralateral como resultado do posicionamento do stent além do preconizado e o desafio terapêutico que é a recanalização da veia com reconstrução da confluência ilíaco-cava.

Abstract The treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic venous compression syndrome is venous stenting. However, this treatment has well-documented complications and, although rare, contralateral deep venous thrombosis is one of these complications. Our objective is to present a case of deep venous thrombosis of the contralateral iliac vein resulting from placement of the stent beyond the recommended position and the therapeutic challenge is to recanalize the vein with reconstruction of the iliocaval confluence.

Maternal-fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies at the maternity ward of the Mamou regional hospital

Background: Pregnant women may be at risk of unpredictable obstetric complications such as: bleeding, dystocia, acute fetal suffering, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. This maternal-fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies is influenced by factors that are most often related to complications that alter the course or outcome of a pregnancy and require prompt care. The objectives of this study are to analyze the factors that influence the maternal-fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies; determine their frequency, describe the clinical profiles of patients and evaluate the maternal-fetal prognosis.Methods: The study was conducted at the Mamou Regional Hospital. It was a 6-month quantitative, descriptive and analytical study, from July 1st to December 31st, 2016, including all parturient women whose term is greater than or equal to 28 weeks of amenorrhoea.Results: The study covered 377 obstetric emergencies out of a total of 1273 deliveries, or 29.61%. Factors influencing the prognosis were: young age, parity, unfavorable socio-economic conditions and difficult baseline conditions. The main obstetric emergencies recorded were acute fetal suffering, disproportion and narrowed pelvis. The dominant mode of delivery was caesarean section with a frequency of 89.65%. Maternal lethality is 3.44% and fetal lethality is 5.14%.Conclusions: Obstetric emergency is a frequent situation where better management would improve the prognosis of the mother and fetus.

Molecular diagnosis of a family with May-Hegglin anomaly / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the molecular basis for a pedigree affected with May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA).@*Methods@#Peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. Exons 1, 10, 16, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 33, 38 and 40 and flanking sequences of the MYH9 gene were subjected to PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Changes in protein expression were determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Platelet aggregation function of the proband was assessed by thromboelastogram.@*Results@#The proband and his second son both carried a heterozygous 5521G>A (GAG→AAG) missense variant in exon 38 of the MYH9 gene, leading to p. Glu1841Lys substitution at position 1841 of amino acid sequence. Immunofluorescence showed inclusions containing NMMHC-ⅡA. Thromboelastogram suggested enhanced platelet aggregation function of the proband.@*Conclusion@#The c. 5521G>A variant of MYH9 gene has co-segregated with the phenotype of MHA in this pedigree. To assess the aggregation function of platelet by thromboelastogram can predict the risk of bleeding in MHA patients.

(Co)memorar maio de 1968: o imaginário anarquista e a liderança negativa / Commemorating May 1968: the anarchist imagery and negative leadership / (Co)mmémorer mai 1968: limaginaire anarchiste et le leadership négatif / (Con)memorar mayo de 1968: el imaginario anarquista y el liderazgo negativo

Resumo Em 2018, os "acontecimentos de Maio de 1968" co-memoraram cinquenta anos. No Brasil, co-memorávamos os cinco anos de junho de 2013, uma parte do composto do "ciclo de lutas". Esses dois momentos têm em comum, entre outras coisas, o fato de nos fazer pensá-los ainda hoje, pois, apesar de terem findado enquanto ato, eles continuam a existir em termos de afeto e efeito. Eles fazem parte de uma memória coletiva, de uma co-memória, que permite que se participe junto em razão daquilo que deixaram no tempo depois. São significados, sentidos e restos que se manifestam no campo sócio-político e no campo de uma subjetividade coletiva. Neste trabalho, destaco dois elementos similares de tais eventos: o imaginário anarquista que os caracterizou e também a consolidação do que denomino de "liderança negativada". A psicanálise serve como suporte teórico para as considerações, especialmente no que tange à questão do que se repete.

Abstract In 2018, 50 years of the 'events of May 1968' were com-memorated. In Brazil, we com-memorated five years of June 2013, part of the compound 'cycle of struggles'. Both moments incite us to think about them even today. Although they ended as an act, their existence nowadays consists of affection and effect. They are part of collective memory, a co-memory that allows experiences based on what they have produced. In terms of meanings, thoughts and remains that are manifested in the socio-political and 'collective subjectivity' fields. In this paper, I highlight two related elements of such events: the anarchist imaginary and the consolidation of what I call 'negative leadership'. Psychoanalysis is the theoretical support for our considerations, especially regarding repetition.

Résumé En 2018 les « événements de mai 1968 ¼ co-mmémorent 50 ans. Au Brésil, nous co-mmémorons les cinq ans de juin 2013, ce qui fait partie du « cycle de combats ¼. Ces deux moments font toujours encore penser à eux, malgré le temps coulé. Étant fini en tant qu'acte, ils continuent à exister comme affect et effet. Ils font donc partie d'une certaine mémoire collective, d'une co-mmémoire, permettant un partage d'après de ce qui vient après. Ce sont des signifiés, des sens et des restes qui se manifestent dans le champ sociopolitique et dans le champ de la « subjectivité collective ¼. Dans ce travail on cible deux éléments similaires de tels événements : l'imaginaire anarchiste qu'ils évoquent et la consolidation de ce qu'on nomme le « leadership négatif ¼. La psychanalyse sert de support théorique aux réflexions, notamment en ce qui concerne les répétitions.

Resumen En 2018, los "acontecimientos de mayo de 1968" con-memoran cincuenta años. En Brasil, con-memoramos los cinco años del junio de 2013, parte del compuesto "ciclo de luchas". Estos dos momentos tienen en común, entre otras cosas, el hecho de nos hace pensar en ellos hasta hoy, pues, a pesar de haber finalizado mientras acto, permanecen sus efectos y afectos. Forman parte de la memoria colectiva, de una co-memoria, que permite la participación conjunta a consecuencia de lo que nos han dejado. Son significativos, sentidos y restos que se manifiestan en el campo sociopolítico y en el campo de la "subjetividad colectiva". En este trabajo destaco dos elementos semejantes de tales eventos: el imaginario anarquista que los caracterizó y también la consolidación de lo que se denominó "liderazgo negativo". El psicoanálisis sirve como soporte teórico para las consideraciones, específicamente en la cuestión de aquello que se repite.

Prevalência de compressão da veia ilíaca esquerda em imagens tomográficas de uma população / Prevalence of left iliac vein compression on computed tomography scans from a population

Resumo Contexto A síndrome de May-Thurner (SMT) é a compressão da veia ilíaca esquerda (VIE) entre a artéria ilíaca direita e o corpo vertebral associada à hipertensão venosa crônica unilateral no membro inferior esquerdo. Porém, o achado tomográfico da compressão não necessariamente se reflete em sintomas. Objetivos Avaliar o achado de compressão da veia ilíaca esquerda em tomografias realizadas por outros motivos. Métodos Angiotomografias ou tomografias computadorizadas (TCs) com fase venosa foram analisadas. Foram coletados os dados demográficos e o motivo do exame, quando presente, e foi analisada a relação do diâmetro da veia ilíaca esquerda no ponto de maior compressão com um ponto a montante. Resultados De janeiro a julho de 2016, 590 tomografias foram analisadas, sendo 357 de mulheres e 233 de homens. A compressão da VIE ocorreu em 87 (14,74%) pacientes, dos quais 74 (85,05%) eram mulheres e 13 (14,9%) homens. O diâmetro médio do ponto de maior compressão entre os pacientes que apresentavam VIE < 5 mm foi de 4,4 mm, variando de 2,67 mm a 4,97 mm. O diâmetro no ponto de maior compressão representou até metade do diâmetro na última imagem justaposta ao corpo vertebral (índice de 0,5) em 179 (30,3%) dos pacientes. Conclusões Nosso estudo sugere que a ocorrência de compressão da VIE em TC de pacientes aleatórios, sem conhecimento de insuficiência venosa crônica ou TVP em MIE, é comum. Isso mostra que o achado tomográfico de compressão não necessariamente resulta em sintomas e não deve ser a única razão para tratar um paciente.

Abstract Background May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is defined as compression of the left iliac vein between the right iliac artery and the lumbar vertebral body in the presence of signs and symptoms of unilateral left chronic venous insufficiency. However, imaging findings of compression are not manifest in symptoms of the syndrome in all subjects. Objectives To evaluate findings of compression in an asymptomatic population. Methods Computed tomography angiographies or venous phase computed tomographies were analyzed. Demographic data and reason for the exam were recorded. Vein diameter was measured at the site of greatest compression and distal of the compression and the ratio between the two diameters was calculated. Results From January to July of 2016, 590 computed tomography scans were analyzed (357 women and 233 men). Left iliac compression was found in 14.74% of patients. Patients with a left iliac diameter below the 5mm threshold had a mean diameter at the site of greatest iliac vein compression of 4.4 mm (range: 2.67 mm-4.97 mm). The ratio between the two measurements was < 0.5 in 30% of patients. Conclusions Our study suggests that iliac vein compression is common among random patients who have had computed tomography for any other reason. This indicates that compression found on tomography images is not the only finding to consider when treating a patient.

Compressões das veias renal e ilíaca comum esquerdas em tomografias computadorizadas: com que frequência são detectadas? / Compression of left renal vein and left common iliac vein on CT scans: how often are they detected?

Resumo Contexto As síndromes de nutcracker e May-Thurner são raras e, apesar de muitas vezes subdiagnosticadas, podem causar sintomas limitantes de gravidade variável. Frequentemente são consideradas diagnóstico de exclusão e não há consenso na literatura quanto a prevalência, incidência e critérios diagnósticos. Objetivos Estimar a frequência da compressão das veias ilíaca comum e renal esquerdas em tomografias computadorizadas de abdome e pelve. Métodos Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal. Para veia renal esquerda, foram considerados como critérios de compressão a relação diâmetro hilar/aortomesentérico > 4 e o ângulo aortomesentérico < 39° e, para veia ilíaca comum esquerda, o diâmetro < 4 mm. Resultados Foram analisadas tomografias computadorizadas de 95 pacientes; destes, 61% eram mulheres e 39% eram homens. A compressão da veia renal esquerda foi encontrada em 24,2% da amostra, com idade média de 48,8 anos, ocorrendo em 27,6% das mulheres e 18,9% dos homens (p = 0,3366). A compressão da veia ilíaca comum esquerda foi detectada em 15,7% da amostra, com idade média de 45,9 anos, ocorrendo em 24,10% das mulheres e 2,7% dos homens (p = 0,0024). Em 7,4% dos pacientes, ambas compressões venosas foram detectadas. Conclusões A compressão da veia renal esquerda ocorreu em mulheres e homens com frequência semelhante, enquanto a compressão da veia ilíaca comum esquerda foi mais frequente em mulheres. Ambas as compressões venosas foram mais frequentemente encontradas em pacientes com idade entre 41 e 50 anos.

Abstract Background The nutcracker and May-Thurner syndromes are rare and, although often underdiagnosed, they can cause limiting symptoms. They are frequently considered only after exclusion of other diagnoses and there is no consensus in the literature on prevalence, incidence, or diagnostic criteria. Objectives To estimate the frequency of compression of the left common iliac vein and left renal vein in CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. Methods Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. The criteria used to define compression of the left renal vein were a hilar/aortomesenteric diameter ratio > 4 and aortomesenteric angle < 39° and the criterion for compression of the left common iliac vein was a diameter < 4mm. Results CT scans of 95 patients were analyzed; 61% were women and 39% were men. Left renal vein compression was observed in 24.2% of the sample, with a mean age of 48.8 years, occurring in 27.6% of the women and 18.9% of the men (p = 0.3366). Compression of the left common iliac vein was detected in 15.7% of the sample, with a mean age of 45.9 years, occurring in 24.1% of the women and 2.7% of the men (p = 0.0024). Both veins were compressed in 7.4% of the patients. Conclusions Left renal vein compression was detected in women and men at similar frequencies, whereas left common iliac vein compression was more frequent in women. Both venous compressions were most frequently found in patients aged 41 to 50 years.

La ocurrencia de rebrotes de la COVID-19 y su relación con el número reproductivo

RESUMEN El peligro de la ocurrencia de endemia por la COVID-19 es una preocupación del gobierno y epidemiólogos cubanos, pero conocer alguna métrica que influya en su surgimiento es de gran utilidad para evitarla. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar mediante modelos dinámicos y teoría cualitaiva de ecuaciones diferenciales, cómo el número reproductivo básico Ro constituye una métrica que incide en la ocurrencia de estos eventos. Se empleó un modelo de tipo SIR con demografía adaptado a las condiciones de Cuba. Los resultados demostraron que se consigue dar respuesta, desde el punto de vista matemático, a las condiciones que pueden causar un rebrote de la enfermedad. Recomendamos mantener activadas las medidas epidemiológicas que se relacionan en este trabajo y que ayudan a mantener controlados los casos confirmados que aparezcan y evitar de esta manera posibles rebrotes.

ABSTRACT The danger of the occurrence of endemic COVID-19 worries the Cuban government as well as epidemiologists. Knowledge about a metric that influences its emergence is a very useful tool to prevent it. The purpose of the study was to prove through dynamic models and the qualitative theory of differential equations that the basic reproduction number R0 is a metric influencing the occurrence of these events. A SIR model was used, which was adjusted to Cuban conditions. Results showed that a mathematical response may be provided to conditions potentially causing a fresh outbreak of the disease. We recommend to maintain activated the epidemiological measures referred to in the paper, which help keep under control the confirmed cases occurring, thus preventing possible fresh outbreaks.

O caminho das pedras no diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome obstrutiva ilíaca venosa crônica / Best practices in diagnosis and treatment of chronic iliac vein obstruction

Resumo A obstrução venosa ilíaca ocorre em 20% a 30% da população. Nos portadores de insuficiência venosa crônica grave, essa prevalência é ainda maior, podendo chegar a 50% a 90% dos pacientes, situação em que essa obstrução é investigada pelo ultrassom intravascular. Métodos diagnósticos menos invasivos, como o Doppler vascular, ou mesmo invasivos, como a flebografia, podem falhar em seu diagnóstico. O tratamento endovascular dessas obstruções tem se demonstrado eficaz, seguro e associado a excelente resultado clínico e de perviedade, desde que princípios anatômicos e técnicos fundamentais sejam considerados e aplicados.

Abstract Iliac vein obstruction occurs in 20-30% of the general population. In patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency, this prevalence can be even higher, reaching 50-90% when the obstruction is investigated using intravascular ultrasound. Less invasive methods, such as venous Duplex Scanning, and even invasive ones such as venography may fail to diagnose the condition. Endovascular treatment of these obstructions is effective, safe, and associated with excellent clinical outcomes and stent patency rates, provided that fundamental anatomical and technical principles are considered and applied.

Embolia cerebral como presentación atípica de síndrome de May Thurner

El síndrome de May-Thurner es una anormalidad anatómica que consiste en la comprensión cronica de la vena iliaca común izquierda, entre la arteria ilíaca común derecha y la columna vertebral, que puede predisponer a la trombosis venosa profunda. Es una entidad rara, y es infrecuente que provoque una embolia paradojal cerebral. Se presenta el caso de una isquemia cerebral de origen embólico, en un varón de 30 años, luego de actividad sexual. Los estudios realizados revelaron síndrome de May-Thurner asociado con un foramen oval permeable y una trombofilia por factor V de Leiden. Fue tratado con anticoagulantes orales y no ha presentado recurrencias.

May-Thurner syndrome is an anatomic abnormality that predisposes patients to increase risk of paradoxical embolism and stroke. It consists of chronic compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery and lumbar spine. This may lead to deep venous thrombosis and paradoxical embolism that could provoke cerebral ischemia in patients with a cardiac shunt from right-to-left. Embolic cerebral ischemic event is reported in a 30-year-old man after sexual intercourse. Further studies revea led suggestive findings of May-Thurner syndrome coupled with a patent foramen ovale and a factor V Leiden thrombophilia. He was placed on anticoagulation therapy and has not had any recurrent events.

Síndromes compresivos vasculares: un desafío diagnóstico / Vascular Compressive Syndromes: A Challenge Diagnosis

Resumen Los síndromes de compresión vascular constituyen un grupo de patologías poco frecuentes con prevalencia incierta, no solo por el desconocimiento que se tiene de estos, sino también por su presentación clínica inespecífica. Eso conlleva a que sean infradiagnosticados o detectados en etapas tardías, con secuelas a largo plazo. Su fisiopatología y clínica dependen del tipo de vaso comprometido, el sitio anatómico afectado y la causa subyacente que lo esté produciendo. La anamnesis, el examen físico dirigido y el uso de métodos complementarios como la ultrasonografía Doppler y la angiografía por tomografía computarizada (ATC) o angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM), son herramientas vitales para su correcto diagnóstico, planificación terapéutica y seguimiento.

Abstract Vascular compression syndromes constitute a group of rare pathologies with uncertain prevalence not only because of their unawareness, but also for its nonspecific clinical presentation. This leads to their underdiagnosis, or detection in late stages with long-term sequelae. Its pathophysiology and presentation depends on the type of vessel involved, the affected anatomical site and the underlying cause producing it. Clinical history, physical examination and use of complementary methods such as Doppler ultrasonography, Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), are essential tools for its proper diagnosis, therapeutic planning and follow-up.

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of gallbladder masses – A solution to diagnostic dilemmas

Background: Advances in medical technology has revolutionized patient care. Ultrasound (USG)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNACs) is enlarging the realm of diagnostic cytology. This merger has increased the diagnostic accuracy especially in inaccessible body sites like the gall bladder (GB) masses. Impalpable, deep, and small lesions are now no longer a dilemma, thanks to image-guided FNACs. Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the ultrasound-guided FNACs of GB masses for a 10 year period and evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided FNACs in GB lesions. Materials and Methods: USG-guided FNACs were collected and analyzed over a 10 year period (2007–2016) in the Department of Pathology North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong. This is a retrospective study and is in accordance with the ethical standards as laid by the Helsinki Declaration, 2000. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: The age ranges from 27 to 83 years and the mean age was 53.2 years. The majority were females which constituted around 94.3% (50) and males constituted around 5.7% (3). Out of all the adequate cases (42 in number) that were evaluated, 37 (88%) were malignant and 5 (12%) were benign and inflammatory; 11 out of 53 cases (20.8%) were inadequate. Conclusion: Although FNAC is established as a reliable diagnostic method, our study of 10 years has further proven that this test has stood the test of time, and with our high diagnostic yield and in the hands of a dedicated radiologist and cytopathologist, it will prove to surpass its expectations.

Clinical significance of antegrade lower limb venography in varicose veins of lower limbs / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of antegrade lower limb venography in varicose veins of lower limbs.Methods The data of 230 cases of varicose veins of lower limb in Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangyang Central Hospital from June 2018 to August 2019 were examined by antegrade lower limb venography.All patients were divided into simple varicose veins group (group A,67 cases) and secondary varicose veins group (group B,63 cases) according to the patency of deep veins.The data of sex,limb side,swelling and ulcer were analyzed respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the results of sex between the two groups (57.5％ vs 63.5％,P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of left side in group A was lower than that in group B (59.3％ vs 76.2％,P ＜ 0.05).And the incidence of swelling of lower extremities and ulcer in boot area in group A was lower than that in group B (31.1％ vs 49.2％,P＜0.05;18.6％ vs31.7％,P＜0.05 respectively).Conclusions Combined with swelling of lower extremities,ulcer in boot area or the varicose veins in left side had a higher incidence of secondary varicose veins.Anterogrede venography of lower extremities can accurately distinguish the classification of varicose veins of lower extremities and improve the diagnostic coincidence rate,which has significant clinical significance.

DC-SIGN molecules promote EV71 infection in dendritic cells in vitro / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of dendritic cell specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non integrin (DC-SIGN) expression on the infection of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) for dendritic cells (DCs) and 293T cells. @*Methods@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from human peripheral blood by gradient density centrifugation and induced to DCs. The DC-SIGN gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for construction of transient expression vector pLB-DC-SIGN which was then transfected into 293T cells using Lipofectamine TM 2000. After 293T cell and 293T-pLB-DC-SIGN was infected with EV71, EV71 mRNA was identified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. EV71/VP1 was identified by western blot. After the expression of DC-SIGN on DCs was blocked by yeast mannan, EV71 mRNA was identified by fluorescence quantitative PCR and EV71/VP1 was identified by western blot. @*Results@#EV71 viral load and EV71/VP1 expression level in 293T cells overexpressed DC-SIGN was significantly higher than that of control 293T, while the viral load and EV71/VP1 expression level in DCs blocked with DC-SIGN inhibitor was lower than that of control DCs (P＜0.05). @*Conclusion@#DC-SIGN may be one of the receptors of EV71 who promote EV71 infection in DCs and 293T cells in vitro.

Clinical significance of antegrade lower limb venography in varicose veins of lower limbs / 中国医师杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of antegrade lower limb venography in varicose veins of lower limbs.@*Methods@#The data of 230 cases of varicose veins of lower limb in Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital from June 2018 to August 2019 were examined by antegrade lower limb venography. All patients were divided into simple varicose veins group (group A, 67 cases) and secondary varicose veins group (group B, 63 cases) according to the patency of deep veins. The data of sex, limb side, swelling and ulcer were analyzed respectively.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the results of sex between the two groups (57.5% vs 63.5%, P>0.05). The incidence of left side in group A was lower than that in group B (59.3% vs 76.2%, P<0.05). And the incidence of swelling of lower extremities and ulcer in boot area in group A was lower than that in group B (31.1% vs 49.2%, P<0.05; 18.6% vs 31.7%, P<0.05 respectively).@*Conclusions@#Combined with swelling of lower extremities, ulcer in boot area or the varicose veins in left side had a higher incidence of secondary varicose veins. Anterograde venography of lower extremities can accurately distinguish the classification of varicose veins of lower extremities and improve the diagnostic coincidence rate, which has significant clinical significance.

Endovenous Intervention of May-Thurner Syndrome with Thrombus beyond Iliac Vein Stenosis

PURPOSE: With the increase in the incidence of venous thrombosis, interest in May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) accompanying iliac vein compression has increased. Some patients with MTS have inferior vena cava thrombosis or thrombosis beyond iliac vein stenosis (TBIVS). This study aimed to identify the characteristics of MTS with TBIVS including pulmonary embolism (PE) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) compared to those of MTS without TBIVS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with deep vein thrombosis associated with MTS were treated between March 2012 and February 2016. Demographic data, medical history, computed tomography findings (iliac vein size of stenosis and stenotic ratio compared with the other side), and clinical outcomes (preoperative PE and PTS) were retrospectively collected and reviewed by dividing into groups with or without TBIVS. RESULTS: Eight of the 35 patients with MTS had TBIVS. The group with TBIVS had a statistically significantly greater iliac vein size (P<0.001) and ratio (P=0.001). PE was more prevalent in the group with TBIVS (63% vs. 15%, P=0.007). However, no statistically significant intergroup difference in PTS prevalence was found. CONCLUSION: The presence of mild iliac vein stenosis in MTS can be used to predict TBIVS and the requirement for more attention to PE.

Progresses in etiology and imaging of iliac vein compression syndrome / 中国医学影像技术

Iliac vein compression syndrome is one of the most common clinical syndromes, which still lacks a consensus guideline. At present, imaging examinations play an important role in diagnosis of iliac vein compression syndrome, including ultrasonography, CT, MR and angiography. The progresses in etiology and imaging of iliac vein compression syndrome were reviewed in this article.

Presentación atípica de síndrome infrecuente: absceso como inicio de síndrome de May-Thurner / Atypical presentation in an uncommon syndrome: abscess as debut of May-Thurner syndrome

Resumen Objetivo Presentar un caso de inicio atípico de síndrome de May-Thurner, enfermedad vascular poco frecuente. Caso clínico Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 23 años con absceso de pie izquierdo y extenso edema de dicha extremidad. El dímero D y la ecotomografía doppler color venosa descartan evento trombótico agudo. El estudio complementario con angioTC objetiva compresión del origen de la vena ilíaca común izquierda, presencia de venas colaterales y diferente grado de insuficiencia venosa en dicha extremidad, hallazgos compatibles con el síndrome de May-Thurner. Conclusión El síndrome de May-Thurner representa una causa inusual y de presentación variable en enfermedad venosa de extremidad inferior izquierda en mujeres jóvenes.

ABSTRACT Aim To present a case of an atypical debut of May-Thurner syndrome, uncommon vascular disease. Case report We report a case of a 23 year old female with an abscess of the left foot and extensive edema of the left lower limb. D-Dimmer test and Venous Doppler ultrasound discards an acute trombotic event. Further studies with CT angiogram concludes the compression in the origin of the left common iliac vein compatible with May-Thurner syndrome. Conclusion May-Thurner syndrome represent an uncommon and variable cause of venous disease of the left lower limb in young female patients.