Surface characteristics and mechanical behavior of retrieved orthodontic microimplants / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the surface characteristics and mechanical behavior of retrieved microimplants under clinically simulating experimental conditions and to investigate the feasibility of reuse of microimplants.@*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#The microimplants, inserted at different angles, were retrieved from the patients (RMIP) and the artificial bone (RMIA). Surface characteristics, including morphologic changes of tips and thread edges, length reduction, and surface compositional variation, were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope, a stereoscopic microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Mechanical behavior comprising maximum insertion torque (MIT) and insertion time was tested with the artificial bone under clinically simulating conditions.@*RESULTS@#The tips and thread edges were worn out to various degrees in retrieved microimplants and thin deposits were observed on the surface in the RMIP group. Traces of foreign elements, such as iron, sulphur, and calcium, were detected on the surface of RMIP. Both MIT and insertion time of retrieved microimplants were increased compared to their initial use, and were much greater in RMIP. The increases of MIT were seen in all groups inserted at the insertion angle of 45° compared with 90°, although the differences were not statistically significant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Retrieved microimplants exhibited different degrees of changes on surface characteristics and mechanical behavior, with more changes in RMIP. The reuse of microimplants for immediate relocation in the same patient may be acceptable; however, postponed relocation and allogeneic reuse of microimplants are not recommended in clinical practice.

Mechanical behavior and wall remodeling of blood vessels under axial twist / 医用生物力学

Blood vessels are often subjected to axial torsion (or twist) due to body movement or surgery. However, there are few studies on blood vessel under twist. This review first summarizes the clinical observation on the twist of blood vessels and then presents what we know about the mechanical behaviors of blood vessel under twist, including the constitutive models. The state of art researches on the remodeling of blood vessels under twist via ex vivo organ culture, in vivo animal experiments, and mathematical model simulations are further discussed. It is our hope that this review will draw attention for further in-depth studies on the behavior and remodeling of blood vessels under twist.

ANÁLISIS LINEAL Y NO LINEAL DE LOS ESFUERZOS EN PILARES DE CIRCONIO PREFORMADOS. ELEMENTOS FINITOS / LINEAR AND NONLINEAR ANALYSIS EFFORTS IN ABUTMENTS OF PREFORMED ZIRCONIUM. FINITE ELEMENT / ANÁLISE LINEAR E NÃO-LINEAR DE ESFORÇOS NOS PILARES DO ZIRCÓNIO PREFORMADOS. ELEMENTOS FINITOS

Este estudio pretendió determinar el comportamiento mecánico entre pilares de Zirconio Zimmer® con anillo de Titanio en la base y sin ella, utilizando el método de análisis de elementos finitos Métodos: se diseñaron dos modelos de pilar en Zirconio sobre implante, conformados además por un implante de Titanio Zimmer® tornillo de unión, hueso cortical y hueso esponjoso y una corona cerámica de un incisivo central superior. Se aplicó fuerza en sentido oblicuo con una magnitud de 200N, ascendiendo en escala de 200N hasta que algún elemento superara el límite de proporcionalidad. Se calcularon los esfuerzos von Mises para cada elemento. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en la magnitud de los esfuerzos de von Mises entre el pilar con anillo de Titanio y sin él; (280,1 MPa con anillo en Titanio, 280,4 MPa sin él) pero sí en el tornillo y el implante, siendo menores los esfuerzos para el modelo con anillo de Titanio (474 MPa 15 vs 576,7 MPa). El hueso y la corona reportaron no linealidad a 600N, implante y tornillo a 1000N y ambos pilares de Zirconio a 1400N. Conclusiones: Cuando el esfuerzo de precarga aplicado a ambos modelos es el recomendado, no hay diferencias entre los dos pilares.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical behavior between Zimmer® zirconium implant abutments with and without a titanium washer at their base, by using the finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: two models of a zirconium abutment on implants were designed, composed of a Zimmer® titanium implant a fixation screw, cortical and cancellous bone, and the ceramic crown of an upper central incisor. An oblique force was applied with a magnitude of 200N, ascending in a scale of 200N until any of the components of the model exhibited a nonlinear behavior. Von Mises stresses were calculated for each element. Results: No significant differences on von Mises stresses were observed between the abutments with and without a titanium washer (280, 1MPa with a titanium washer, and 280, 4 MPa without it) but differences were found at the fixation screw and the implant: the stresses were lower in the model with a titanium washer (474MPa vs 576,7MPa). Both the bone and the crown exhibited non linearity at 600N, the implant and the screw at 1000N, and both zirconium abutments at 1400N. Conclusions: When the preload stress applied to both models is the adequate, no mechanical behavior differences between the abutments occur.

Este estudo procurou determinar o comportamento mecânico entre pilares anel Zimmer® Zircônio Titanium na base e sem ela, usando o método de análise de elementos finitos Métodos: Dois modelos de zircônia pilar no implante projetados também formadas por um implante Titanium parafuso de ligação Zimmer®, osso cortical e osso esponjoso e uma coroa de cerâmica de um incisivo central superior. A força foi aplicada com um ângulo com uma amplitude de 200N, 200N escala crescente, até um elemento excedido o limite de proporcionalidade. Esforços von Mises, foram calculados para cada elemento. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças na magnitude dos esforços von Mises entre Titanium anel de encosto sem ele; (280,1 MPa Titanium anel, 280,4 MPa sem ele), mas no parafuso eo implante, com esforços menores para o modelo com anel de titânio (474 vs 576,7 MPa 15 MPa). Osso e coroa não-linearidade informou a 600N, implante de parafuso 1000N e zircônio dois pilares 1400N. Conclusão: Quando a pré-carga esforço aplicado para ambos os modelos é recomendado, não há diferenças entre os dois pilares.

Mechanical behavior of bionic drag reduction needle during puncturing process / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a kind of bionic drag reduction needle and investigate its mechanism of painless injection. Methods Based on the analysis of mosquito's mouthpart structure, two types of bionic drag reduction injector needles, sawtooth needle and stripe needle, were designed with the painless feature as mosquito's blood-sucking action. The injection processes of normal smooth needle and two bionic drag reduction injector needles were simulated by using explicit kinetic software LS-DYNA, and analyzed the pain-relief mechanism of bionic drag reduction needles. Results Through contrast and analysis on the stress contour, internal energy curves and resistance curves of both the smooth needle and bionic needles during the puncturing process in soft tissue, the bionic needle was found to have obvious drag reduction effects. The drag reduction rate of the saw-tooth needle and stripe needle was 23.48% and 31.57%, respectively. Conclusions The bionic needles can minimize the friction resistance to achieve the painless injection by drag reduction, and its effect is determined by the structure and shape of the bionic needle.

Finite element analysis of the mechanical behavior of a partially edentulous mandible as a function of cancellous bone density / Análise por elementos finitos do comportamento mecânico de uma mandíbula humana parcialmente edêntula em função da densidade óssea trabecular

Purpose: To present a methodological procedure to obtain the geometric and discrete models of a human mandible for numerical simulation of the biomechanical behavior of a partially edentulous mandible as a function of cancellous bone density. Methods: A 3D finite element method was used to assess the model of a partially edentulous mandible, Kennedy Class I, with dental implants placed at the region of teeth 33 and 43. The geometric solid model was built from CT-scan images and prototyping. In the discrete model a parametric analysis was performed to analyze the influence of cancellous bone density (25 %, 50 %, 75 %) on the development of mandibular stress and strain during simulation of masticatory forces in the anterior region. Results: Maximum von Mises stress and equivalent strain values in cancellous bone were found close to the loading area (masticatory forces). The peak stress and strain values occurred in the mandibular anterior region, and for the same masticatory force the equivalent stresses increased with bone density. Conclusion: The results suggest that the stresses and strains developed in the mandibular model were affected by cancellous bone density during the simulation of masticatory activity.

Objetivo: Apresentar uma metodologia para modelamento geométrico de uma mandíbula humana e obtenção de um modelo discreto para simular numericamente o comportamento biomecânico de uma mandíbula parcialmente edêntula em função de diferentes densidades do osso trabecular. Metodologia: Utilizou-se o método de elementos finitos 3D para realizar um estudo numérico sobre um modelo de mandíbula humana, desdentada parcial tipo Classe I de Kennedy, com implantes nas regiões dos dentes 33 e 43. O modelo sólido geométrico foi determinado por tomografia computorizada e prototipagem. No modelo discretizado foi realizada uma análise paramétrica para verificar a influência da densidade óssea do osso trabecular (25 %, 50 %, 75 %) no desenvolvimento de tensões e deformações da mandíbula durante a aplicação de forças mastigatórias na região anterior. Resultados: As tensões máximas de von Mises e deformações equivalentes no osso trabecular foram desenvolvidas próximo às regiões de aplicação das forças de mordida. Os picos de valores de tensões/deformações localizaram-se na região anterior da mandíbula, sendo que, para o mesmo valor de esforço de mordida, as tensões equivalentes aumentaram com a densidade óssea. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que as tensões e deformações desenvolvidas no modelo mandibular testado foram afetadas pelo grau de densidade do osso trabecular durante simulação de atividade mastigatória.