Research progress of mechanical power in ventilator-induced lung injury / 国际生物医学工程杂志

ICU acute respiratory distress syndrome has a high morbidity and mortality rate, and these patients usually need mechanical ventilation to maintain their respiratory function during treatment. However, improper setting of mechanical ventilation parameters may lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of VILI, ARDSnet recommends the use of a protective ventilation strategy with low tidal volume and limited airway plateau pressure. However, from the perspective of ventilator energy transfer, VILI is actually the result of a combination of respiratory parameters such as tidal volume, airway pressure, and respiratory rate. The mechanical power well reflects the combined effect of the above parameters and is increasingly becoming a hot topic in clinical research. In this review paper, the definitions of mechanical energy and mechanical power were introduced, and the calculation methods of mechanical power under different respiratory modes are summarized. Moreover, the clinical studies related to mechanical power and VILI and further exploration of the safety threshold of mechanical power are reviewed. It is expected to provide new ideas for the future clinical development of personalized mechanical ventilation strategies and the effective prevention of VILI.

Research status of mechanical power in ventilator-induced lung injury / 中华危重病急救医学

The ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) was centered on the "static" characteristics of the mechanical ventilation in early phases (tidal volume, plateau pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and driving pressure). But the "dynamic" characteristics of ventilation must not be ignored (respiratory rate and flow). Mechanical energy and mechanical power (the pace of performing energy load) regarding all factor have won wide spread attention. The energy generated by mechanical ventilation is mainly used to expand respiratory system and overcome resistance, a fraction of energy acts on lung tissues probably inducing "heat" and inflammation that is related to lung injury. The review described recent conceptual advances regarding the mechanical energy and power, and the relationship with VILI, hoping to help further understanding the risk factors for VILI.

Research status of mechanical power in ventilator-induced lung injury / 中华危重病急救医学

The ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) was centered on the "static" characteristics of the mechanical ventilation in early phases (tidal volume, plateau pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and driving pressure). But the "dynamic" characteristics of ventilation must not be ignored (respiratory rate and flow). Mechanical energy and mechanical power (the pace of performing energy load) regarding all factor have won wide spread attention. The energy generated by mechanical ventilation is mainly used to expand respiratory system and overcome resistance, a fraction of energy acts on lung tissues probably inducing "heat" and inflammation that is related to lung injury. The review described recent conceptual advances regarding the mechanical energy and power, and the relationship with VILI, hoping to help further understanding the risk factors for VILI.

Treating unspecified mechanical strabismus surgery

64 patients treated in Pediatric Ophtalmology Department of National Institute of Ophtalmology in the year 1998, because functional strabisonus. The study conducted by descriptive intervention without control group in combining with a vertical study. Result showed that according to high instability, the oscillation reached 7-80, the proper method management will be choosen following clinical manifestation.

A Three-dimensional analysis on mechanical energy flows of torso and arm segments in baseball throw / 体力科学

Twenty-four male university baseball players were each requested to throw a baseball, and filmed using the direct linear transformation method of three-dimensional (3D) videography. 3 D coordinates of landmarks were obtained. Resultant joint forces and resultant joint torques in the wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck, and upper torso joints were calculated using the inverse dynamics method. The mechanical powers caused by the resultant joint forces (joint force power) and by the resultant joint torques (joint torque power) of each segment were calculated, and the mechanical work was also obtained by integrating the joint torque powers with time. Peak values of energies of the upper torso, upper arm, forearm, hand, and ball appeared in sequence from the proximal segment to the distal segment. The joint force powers in any segment were markedly larger than the joint torque powers. Little joint torque power was produced in the wrist throughout the throwing motion. The negative joint force power and joint torque power at the proximal end of the upper torso were rapidly increased immediately after the foot contact stride. It was clarified that the appearance of the large energies in the distal throwing arm segments during the final phase of throwing motion were caused mainly by transfer of the energies produced by the motions of the torso and shoulder joints. This paper discusses the mechanical energy flows of the upper torso and upper limb segments during the motion of baseball throwing.