Development and validation of risk prediction model for new-onset cardiovascular diseases among breast cancer patients: Based on regional medical data of Inner Mongolia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To develop and validate a three-year risk prediction model for new-onset cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among female patients with breast cancer.@*METHODS@#Based on the data from Inner Mongolia Regional Healthcare Information Platform, female breast cancer patients over 18 years old who had received anti-tumor treatments were included. The candidate predictors were selected by Lasso regression after being included according to the results of the multivariate Fine & Gray model. Cox proportional hazard model, Logistic regression model, Fine & Gray model, random forest model, and XGBoost model were trained on the training set, and the model performance was evaluated on the testing set. The discrimination was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC), and the calibration was evaluated by the calibration curve.@*RESULTS@#A total of 19 325 breast cancer patients were identified, with an average age of (52.76±10.44) years. The median follow-up was 1.18 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.71] years. In the study, 7 856 patients (40.65%) developed CVD within 3 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer. The final selected variables included age at diagnosis of breast cancer, gross domestic product (GDP) of residence, tumor stage, history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease, type of surgery, type of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In terms of model discrimination, when not considering survival time, the AUC of the XGBoost model was significantly higher than that of the random forest model [0.660 (95%CI: 0.644-0.675) vs. 0.608 (95%CI: 0.591-0.624), P < 0.001] and Logistic regression model [0.609 (95%CI: 0.593-0.625), P < 0.001]. The Logistic regression model and the XGBoost model showed better calibration. When considering survival time, Cox proportional hazard model and Fine & Gray model showed no significant difference for AUC [0.600 (95%CI: 0.584-0.616) vs. 0.615 (95%CI: 0.599-0.631), P=0.188], but Fine & Gray model showed better calibration.@*CONCLUSION@#It is feasible to develop a risk prediction model for new-onset CVD of breast cancer based on regional medical data in China. When not considering survival time, the XGBoost model and the Logistic regression model both showed better performance; Fine & Gray model showed better performance in consideration of survival time.

Documentação automatizada de parâmetros vitais em enfermarias utilizando estações portáteis - Efeito no acionamento adequado do time de resposta rápida: um protocolo de um ensaio clínico randomizado em clusters / Automated documentation of vital parameters in wards using portable stations - Effect on proper triggering of the rapid response team: a study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da solução Welch Allyn Connex® Spot Monitor/Hillrom Connecta™ em acionar o time de resposta rápida em tempo hábil, em comparação com o acionamento manual. Métodos: O estudo Hillrom é um ensaio clínico unicêntrico, aberto, de superioridade, randomizado em clusters em paralelo (taxa de alocação 1:1) realizado em um hospital terciário. Serão incluídos dois grupos de três enfermarias com 28 leitos (um grupo intervenção e um grupo controle). As enfermarias serão distribuídas aleatoriamente para utilizar a solução automatizada Welch Allyn Connex® Spot Monitor/Hillrom Connecta™ (grupo intervenção) ou para manter a rotina habitual (grupo controle) em relação ao acionamento do time de resposta rápida. O desfecho primário será o número absoluto de ocorrências de acionamento do time de resposta rápida em tempo hábil. Como desfechos secundários, características clínicas como mortalidade, parada cardíaca, necessidade de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e duração da hospitalização serão avaliadas de forma exploratória de acordo com os grupos. Estimou-se uma amostra de 216 acionamentos de time de resposta rápida, para identificar uma possível diferença entre os grupos. O protocolo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa institucional. Resultados esperados: Espera-se que a solução automatizada Welch Allyn Connex® Spot Monitor/Hillrom Connecta™ seja mais eficaz no acionamento do sistema de chamada de enfermeiros, para acionar o time de resposta rápida em tempo hábil e de maneira adequada, em comparação com o acionamento manual (prática habitual). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04648579

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Welch Allyn Connex® Spot Monitor/Hillrom Connecta™ solution in activating the rapid response team in a timely manner compared to manual activation. Methods: The Hillrom study is a single-center, open-label, superiority, cluster-randomized, parallel-group (1:1 allocation ratio) clinical trial that will be conducted in a tertiary hospital. Two sets of three wards with 28 beds will be included (one as the intervention cluster and the other as the control). The wards will be randomly assigned to use the Welch Allyn Connex® Spot Monitor/Hillrom Connecta™ automated solution (intervention cluster) or to maintain the usual routine (control cluster) regarding rapid response team activation. The primary outcome will be the absolute number of episodes of rapid response team triggering in an appropriate time; as secondary outcomes, clinical features (mortality, cardiac arrest, need for intensive care unit admission and duration of hospitalization) will be assessed according to clusters in an exploratory way. A sample size of 216 rapid response team activations was estimated to identify a possible difference between the groups. The protocol has been approved by the institutional Research Ethics Committee. Expected results: The Welch Allyn Connex® Spot Monitor/Hillrom Connecta™ automated solution is expected to be more effective in triggering the nurse call system to activate the rapid response team in a timely and adequate manner compared to manual triggering (usual practice). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04648579

Arquitectura de información para la gestión de la historia clínica digital en oftalmopediatría / Information architecture for the management of computerized medical records for pediatric-ophthalmological specialty

RESUMEN Introducción: la Historia Clínica es un instrumento que contiene la información del paciente que debe ser procesable, almacenada y trasmitida de forma segura y accesible, por lo que resulta necesario el empleo de recursos y estrategias para facilitar el cuidado de la salud, entre las que puede figurar un software. Objetivo: desarrollar la arquitectura de información para la gestión de una historia clínica electrónica para uso en la consulta de Oftalmopediatría del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "Pepe Portilla" de Pinar del Río. Métodos: estudio cuali-cuantitativo, con métodos teóricos y empíricos para analizar la evolución y desarrollo de la historia clínica de Oftalmopediatría, caracterizar la situación actual, así como la introducción de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en esta disciplina en Cuba. Resultados: se creó un prototipo de software de gestión de historia clínica electrónica en Oftalmopediatría, con un gran impacto social para las entidades donde se implemente el sistema, que beneficia tanto al paciente como a los profesionales. Conclusión: la implementación de una herramienta informática es una decisión estratégica que puede simplificar el trabajo, optimizar tiempo, recursos, y mejorar en organización, gestión y seguridad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the Medical History is a tool that contains the information of patients, which should able to be processed, stored and transmitted in a safe and accessible way, thus it is necessary to use resources and strategies to facilitate healthcare services, among which software designs can be included. Objective: to develop the information architecture for the management of an computerized medical record to be used in the Pediatric Ophthalmology Office at Pepe Portilla Provincial Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Rio. Methods: a qualitative-quantitative study was conducted, applying theoretical and empirical methods to analyze the evolution and development of a pediatric-ophthalmological history, to characterize the current situation, as well as the introduction of information and communication technologies into this specialty in Cuba. Results: the design of a prototype of software for the management of a computerized medical record in the Pediatric Ophthalmology Office, with a great social impact for the healthcare institutions where the system is implemented, which benefit both the patient and the professionals. Conclusion: the implementation of a computerized tool is a strategic decision that can simplify work, optimize time and resources, improving organizational process, management and safety.

Componente de software para el proceso de solicitudes de evaluación de estudios neurofisiológicos para el Sistema XAVIA HIS / Software component for the process of requests for evaluation of neurophysiological studies in the XAVIA HIS System

Introducción: la especialidad de neurofisiología se ocupa del estudio, la evaluación del sistema nervioso (central y periférico), su modificación funcional, de los órganos sensoriales y musculares, tanto en condiciones normales como patológicas. La normalización de la información sobre esta especialidad es compleja, porque cada institución hospitalaria cubana tiene sus propias fuentes de gestión. Esta situación dificulta la homogeneización de los datos, la recopilación de información estadística y su inclusión en el registro médico digital único del paciente cubano. Objetivo: presentar un componente de software que informatiza las solicitudes de estudios neurofisiológicos para las instituciones de salud cubanas, que utilizan el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria XAVIA HIS. Método: se entrevistaron a especialistas del Centro Cubano de Neurociencias CNEURO, para definir el proceso de gestión de las solicitudes de estudios neurofisiológicos. Se aplicó la entrevista semiestructurada, que permitió la adaptación a los entrevistados para aclarar términos, identificar ambigüedades y reducir los formalismos. Para el desarrollo se utilizaron herramientas de software libre (JBoss Developer Studio como entorno integrado de desarrollo, Java como lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos, JBoss como servidor de aplicaciones y PostgreSQL v9.4 como sistema de gestión de bases de datos), que garantizan las políticas de desarrollo de software y soberanía tecnológica de Cuba. Resultados: las solicitudes de estudios neurofisiológicos en el sistema XAVIA HIS, se informatizaron a partir de un componente de software, basado en el estándar HL7-CDA para documentos clínicos. Conclusiones: los especialistas en neurofisiología disponen de funcionalidades para la estandarización, almacenamiento y gestión de la información de la especialidad, lo cual conduce al enriquecimiento de la historia clínica digital del sistema XAVIA HIS(AU)

Introduction: The Neurophysiology specialty deals with the nervous system (central and peripheral) study and assessment and its functional modification and the sense and muscular organs, both in normal and pathological conditions. Information standardization on this specialty is complex because each Cuban hospital institution has its own management sources. This situation makes it difficult to homogenize the data, gather statistical information and include it in the Cuban patient unique digital medical record. Objective: Describe a software component that computerizes neurophysiological studies requests for Cuban health institutions that use the XAVIA HIS Hospital Information System. Method: Specialists from the Cuban Neuroscience Center CNEURO were interviewed to define the neurophysiological studies requests management process. The semi-structured interview was applied, which allowed the adaptation to the interviewees in order to clarify terms, identify ambiguities and reduce formalisms. Free software tools were used for development (JBoss Developer Studio as an integrated development environment, Java as an object-oriented programming language, JBoss as an application server and PostgreSQL v9.4 as a database management system) that guarantee the Cuban software development and technological sovereignty policies. Results: Neurophysiological studies requests in the XAVIA HIS system were computerized using a software component, based on the HL7-CDA standard for clinical documents. Conclusions: Neurophysiology specialists have functionalities for the specialty information standardization, storage, and management, which leads to the XAVIA HIS system digital medical record enrichment(AU)

An Electronic Health Record-Integrated Computerized Intravenous Insulin Infusion Protocol: Clinical Outcomes and in Silico Adjustment

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the outcome of a computerized intravenous insulin infusion (CII) protocol integrated to the electronic health record (EHR) system and to improve the CII protocol in silico using the EHR-based predictors of the outcome.METHODS: Clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent the CII protocol between July 2016 and February 2017 and their matched controls were evaluated. In the CII protocol group (n=91), multivariable binary logistic regression analysis models were used to determine the independent associates with a delayed response (taking ≥6.0 hours for entering a glucose range of 70 to 180 mg/dL). The CII protocol was adjusted in silico according to the EHR-based parameters obtained in the first 3 hours of CII.RESULTS: Use of the CII protocol was associated with fewer subjects with hypoglycemia alert values (P=0.003), earlier (P=0.002), and more stable (P=0.017) achievement of a glucose range of 70 to 180 mg/dL. Initial glucose level (P=0.001), change in glucose during the first 2 hours (P=0.026), and change in insulin infusion rate during the first 3 hours (P=0.029) were independently associated with delayed responses. Increasing the insulin infusion rate temporarily according to these parameters in silico significantly reduced delayed responses (P<0.0001) without hypoglycemia, especially in refractory patients.CONCLUSION: Our CII protocol enabled faster and more stable glycemic control than conventional care with minimized risk of hypoglycemia. An EHR-based adjustment was simulated to reduce delayed responses without increased incidence of hypoglycemia.

Medication errors in emergency departments: is electronic medical record an effective barrier? / Erros de medicação em unidades de pronto atendimento: prontuário eletrônico, barreira eficaz?

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare medication errors in two emergency departments with electronic medical record, to two departments that had conventional handwritten records at the same organization. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, comparative study of medication errors and their classification, according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, associated with the use of electronic and conventional medical records, in emergency departments of the same organization, during one year. Results: There were 88 events per million opportunities in the departments with electronic medical record and 164 events per million opportunities in the units with conventional medical records. There were more medication errors when using conventional medical record - in 9 of 14 categories of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Conclusion: The emergency departments using electronic medical records presented lower levels of medication errors, and contributed to a continuous improvement in patients´ safety.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os erros de medicações de duas unidades de pronto atendimento que possuíam prontuário eletrônico aos de duas unidades que possuíam prontuário convencional manual em uma mesma instituição. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, que comparou a incidência de erros de medicações e sua classificação, segundo o National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, associado ao uso do prontuário eletrônico e do convencional, em unidades de pronto atendimento de uma mesma instituição por um ano. Resultados: Foram observados 88 eventos por milhão de oportunidades nas unidades com prontuário eletrônico e 164 por milhão de oportunidades nas unidades com prontuário convencional. Houve mais erros de medicações nas unidades com prontuário convencional − em 9 das 14 categorias da National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention analisadas. Conclusão: Com a utilização do prontuário eletrônico, as unidades de pronto atendimento apresentaram menores índices de erros de medicações, contribuindo para melhoria continuada na segurança do paciente.

Chinese electronic medical record named entity recognition based on sentence-level lattice-long short-term memory neural network / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To propose a conditional random field (CRF) model based on the new word segmentation method Re-entity, and to compare with bi-directional long short-term memory neural network (BiLSTM)-CRF and Lattice-long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). Methods After analyzing the existing entity recognition methods, we proposed CRF method based on Re-entity, BiLSTM-CRF and Lattice-LSTM for the China Conference on Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing in 2018 (CCKS2018) task one: Chinese clinical named entity recognition, and trained character vector sets at different parameter levels based on different corpora. The comparative experiments on model performance were carried out in the different neural network models for each methods. Finally, the comparative study was carried out based on different input lengths such as the sentence level and the text level. Results Re-entity method can improve the performance of CRF model. Lattice-LSTM model based on sentence level achieved a strict F1-measure of 89.75% on this task, which was higher than the highest F1-measure (89.25%) on the task one of CCKS2018. Conclusion The CRF model based on Re-entity can effectively improve the recognition rate of traditional Chinese medicines in electronic medical records by using normalized Chinese clinical drug. Re-entity method can improve the error accumulation caused by word segmentation in data preprocessing. Lattice structure can better combine the latent semantic information of characters and word sequences. At the same time, sentence-level input can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of neural network models.

EMR-based evaluation of medical care quality: status quo and trends / 中华医院管理杂志

An introduction is made to the experiences and trends of EMR-based evaluation of medical care quality in developed countries. The authors held that electronic medical records(EMR)are key technical means and supporting tool for medical care quality management, and quality data source for such evaluation. They recommended that China adapt to international standards in the design and choice of evaluation indicators of medical care quality and engage in international comparisons; integrate various data collection modalities to minimize workload of hospitals in data reporting, and keep elevating hospitals′informationization competence centering on electronic medical records.

Application and prospect of artificial intelligence technology in electronic medical record research / 第二军医大学学报

Artificial intelligence technology has made breakthroughs in the field of clinical medicine, including diagnosis, imaging, and disease classification. Electronic medical record contains a large number of clinical data such as disease description, diagnosis, examination and treatment. With the participation of medical experts and information scientists, the studies of data mining of electronic medical record using artificial intelligence technology have greatly increased. Although now the method has some limitations, it is more rapid, economic and convenient compared with the traditional method, and is expected to promote the development of human health. In this paper, we reviewed the current status of data mining of electronic medical record using artificial intelligence technology, regarding related technologies, specific examples, and limitations.

Qualidade dos dados de assistência pré-natal na Atenção Básica em prontuário eletrônico e relação com apoio matricial, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 2013-2014: corte transversal / Quality of prenatal care data in Basic Care in electronic medical records and relationship with matrix support, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 2013-2014: cross-sectional / Calidad de los datos de asistencia prenatal en la Atención Básica en historia clínica electrónica y relación con apoyo matricial, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 2013-2014: corte transversal

Objetivo: Avaliar as dimensões de qualidade dos dados de prontuários eletrônicos de gestantes acompanhadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde de Vitória, Espírito Santo, e comparar sua completude por modelos de assistência em saúde (Unidades Básicas Tradicionais e Saúde da Família com e sem Apoio Matricial). Métodos: Estudo transversal, das dimensões de qualidade da ficha clínica de pré-natal do prontuário eletrônico de gestantes do município de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil, no período de 1 de janeiro de 2013 a 31 de dezembro de 2014. Foram avaliadas: cobertura, não duplicidade, acessibilidade, oportunidade, clareza metodológica, completude, consistência e confiabilidade. Resultados: Excluídas as duplicidades de cadastro, foram analisados 690 prontuários. A cobertura pré-natal, considerando o início do pré-natal, foi de 80%. Mesmo com a restrição de acesso, de oportunidade e a falta de clareza metodológica, a ficha clínica apresentou consistência e completude excelentes nos campos de procedimentos obstétricos e exames laboratoriais. As variáveis raça materna, situação conjugal, planejamento da gravidez e risco gestacional apresentaram completude ruim, variando conforme modelo de assistência em saúde. A confiabilidade mostrou discordâncias com o Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. Conclusão: Há potencial do prontuário eletrônico como fonte de informação epidemiológica sobre a assistência pré-natal. Contudo, sua confiabilidade é prejudicada pela falta de integração dos dados com os demais níveis de atenção e sistemas de informação e sua completude é deficiente em alguns aspectos. Os dados sugerem que a presença do Apoio Matricial não influencia significativamente a completude do prontuário. Maior ênfase no preenchimento do prontuário e integração com outros níveis de atenção é necessária.

Objective: To evaluate the quality dimensions of the electronic medical records data of pregnant women followed in the Primary Health Care of Vitória, Espírito Santo, and to compare their completeness with health care models (Traditional Basic Units and Family Health with and without Matrix Support). Methods: Cross-sectional study of the dimensions of quality in the prenatal clinical records using the electronic medical record of pregnant women in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. The following were evaluated: coverage, non-duplicity, accessibility, opportunity, methodological clarity, completeness, consistency and reliability. Results: Excluding duplicate records, 690 medical records were analyzed. Prenatal coverage, considering the onset of prenatal care, was 80%. Even with the restriction of access, opportunity and lack of methodological clarity, the clinical record showed excellent consistency and completeness in the fields of obstetric procedures and laboratory tests. Variables as maternal race, marital status, pregnancy planning and gestational risk presented poor completeness, varying according to health assistance model. Reliability was not completely in agreement with the Live Births Information System. Conclusions: There is potential of the electronic medical record as a source of epidemiological information on prenatal care. However, its reliability is hampered by the lack of integration of data with other levels of attention and information systems and its completeness is deficient in some aspects. The data suggest that the presence of the Matrix Support does not significantly influence the completeness of the medical record. Greater emphasis on completing medical records and integrating with other levels of care is necessary.

Objetivo: Evaluar las dimensiones de calidad de los datos de historias clínicas electrónicas de gestantes acompañadas en la Atención Primaria a la Salud de Vitória, Espírito Santo, y comparar su completitud por modelos de asistencia en salud (Unidades Básicas Tradicionales y Salud de la Familia con y sin Apoyo Matricial). Métodos: Estudio transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, de las dimensiones de calidad de la ficha clínica de prenatal dela historia clínica electrónica de gestantes del municipio de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil, en el período del 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre de 2014. Se evaluaron: cobertura, no duplicidad, accesibilidad, oportunidad, claridad metodológica, completitud, consistencia y confiabilidad. Resultados: Excluidas las duplicidades de registro, se analizaron 690 historias clínicas. La cobertura prenatal, considerando el inicio del prenatal, fue del 80%. Incluso con la restricción de acceso, de oportunidad y la falta de claridad metodológica, la ficha clínica presentó consistencia y completitud excelentes en los campos de procedimientos obstétricos y exámenes de laboratorio. Las variables como raza materna, situación conyugal, planificación del embarazo y riesgo gestacional presentaron completitud mala, variando según modelo de asistencia en salud. La confiabilidad mostró desacuerdos con el Sistema de Información de los Nacidos Vivos. Conclusión: Hay potencial de la historia clínica electrónica como fuente de información epidemiológica sobre la asistencia prenatal. Sin embargo, su confiabilidad está perjudicada por la falta de integración de los datos con los demás niveles de atención y sistemas de información y su completitud es deficiente en algunos aspectos. Los datos sugieren que la presencia del Apoyo Matricial no influye significativamente en la completitud dela historia clínica. Mayor énfasis en el relleno de la historia clínica e integración con otros niveles de atención es necesario.

Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente: como a teoria da difusão de inovações pode colaborar na sua implantação / Electronic Patient Record: how the diffusion of innovations theory can collaborate in its implementation / Registro Electrónico del Paciente: como la teoría de difusión de innovaciones pode colaborar en su aplicación

Este artigo traz um histórico da Teoria da Difusão de Inovações e uma revisão da literatura sobre sua aplicação na área de saúde, dando especial ênfase na adoção do Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente. Seu objetivo é o de compilar os pontos mais importantes no processo de adoção de inovações mencionados nos casos pesquisados, como por exemplo: a identificação dos usuários com as categorias de adotantes, as ações a serem desenvolvidas junto a estes e o uso dos elementos dessa teoria para o entendimento da forma como as pessoas aderem à inovação. Conclui-se, dessa forma, que a implantação de prontuários eletrônicos requer métodos diferentes dos tradicionalmente usados na área de Tecnologia da Informação, envolvendo também as demais áreas da organização.

This article comprises an historic of Innovation Diffusion Theory and a review of existing literature regarding its use in Health Care, focusing on its application on Electronic Health Records adoption. Its aim is to provide a compilation of most important aspects in the innovation-adoption processes mentioned in the researched cases, for example: the users matching to the adopters categories, the actions to be developed within this users and the use of this theory elements to understand the way people adopt innovation. Concluding that EHR implementations must use different methods than those traditionally used in Information Technology area, involving other areas in the organization.

Este artículo presenta una historia de la teoría de la Difusión de Innovaciones y una revisión de la literatura sobre su aplicación en el cuidado de la salud, con especial énfasis en la adopción del Registro Electrónico del Paciente. Su objetivo es seleccionar los puntos más importantes en el proceso de adopción de las innovaciones mencionadas en los casos investigados, tales como: la identificación de los usuarios en las categorías de adoptantes, las acciones a desarrollar junto a ellos y el uso de los elementos de esta teoría para entender la forma en que las personas se adhieren a la innovación. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que la implementación de registros médicos electrónicos requiere métodos distintos de los utilizados tradicionalmente en la área de Tecnologia de la Informacion, así como la participación de otras áreas de la organización.

Usabilidade do prontuário eletrônico em unidades básicas de saúde / Usability of electronic medical records in primary healthcare units / Usabilidad de los registros médicos electrónicos en las unidades de atención primariadelasalud

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a usabilidade do prontuário eletrônico em unidades básicas de saúde municipais. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com coleta de dados por entrevista semiestruturada, nas cinco sedes das regionais de saúde de um município do sul do Brasil, com participação de 20 profissionais de saúde, no período de julho a agosto de 2013. As entrevistas foram gravadas e as falas transcritas para análise dos dados com utilização da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, foram identificadas três categorias empíricas: utilização do prontuário eletrônico no processo de trabalho; acesso às informações ­ confiabilidade e qualidade dos dados; e, avaliação geral do prontuário eletrônico e seus instrumentos. O prontuário eletrônico é visto pelos profissionais como uma ferramenta que revolucionou a prática nas unidades, porém o sistema ainda precisa de ajustes para se adequar às necessidades dos profissionais que o utilizam nas ações diárias. [AU]

The research aimed to evaluate the usability of electronic medical records in primary healthcare units of a south Brazilian city-. Qualitative, descriptive study, with data collected by semi-structured interview in 05 head offices of the regional health from a southern city - Brazil, counting with 20 health professionals, in the period from July to August 2013. The interviews were recorded and transcribed the speeches for data analysis with use of the content analysis technique. As results were identified 03 empirical categories: use of electronic medical records in the work process; access to information - reliability and quality of data; and overall assessment of the electronic medical record and its instruments. The electronic medical record is seen by professionals as a tool that has revolutionized the practice in the units, but the system still needs adjustments to suit the needs of professionals who use it in their daily actions. [AU]

La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la utilidad de la historia clínica electrónica en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con la recogida de datos a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, en cinco escaños de la regional de salud de una ciudad surbrasileña, con la participación de 20 profesionales de la salud, entre julio y agosto de 2013. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y las líneas transcritas para el análisis de contenido. Como resultados, se identificaron trés categorías empíricas: uso de la historia clínica electrónica en el proceso de trabajo; el acceso a la información - la fiabilidad y la calidad de los datos; y la evaluación global de la historia clínica electrónica y sus instrumentos. La historia clínica electrónica es visto por los profesionales como una herramienta que ha revolucionado la práctica en las unidades, pero el sistema todavía tiene que someterse a ajustes para adaptarse a las necesidades de los profesionales que lo utilizan en sus acciones diarias. [AU]

Programa de educação permanente para o uso do prontuário eletrônico do paciente na enfermagem / Permanent education for the use of the electronic patient health record in nursing / Programa de educación continua para el uso de la historia clínica electrónica en enfermeira

Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar um Programa de Educação Permanente para equipe de enfermagem para o uso do Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP). Método: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 95 testes e questionários preenchidos por novos colaboradores após o treinamento, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2014. Foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney para avaliar a relação da nota dos testes com variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: Fatores como gênero, idade e ter experiência anterior com PEP não promoveram melhora no desempenho do uso do PEP. Possuir graduação e ter domínio em informática influenciaram na percepção de melhoria do desempenho. Conclusão: Assim, salienta-se a necessidade de as instituições da saúde adotarem políticas que contribuam para a qualificação de seus profissionais.

Objectives: This article aimed to evaluate a Permanent Education Program for nursing staff to use the Electronic Patient Record (EPR). Method: Retrospective analysis of 95 tests and questionnaires was conducted filled by new employees after training, from February to June 2014. The Mann -Whitney test was used to assess the relationship of note testing with qualitative variables. Results: Factors such as gender, age and previous experience with EPR did not promote improvement in the performance of EPR use. Graduation and expertise in computer influenced the perception of improved performance. Conclusion: Thus, we emphasize the need for hospitals to adopt policies that contribute to the qualification of its professionals.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar un Programa de Educación Permanente para el personal de enfermería para utilizar el Registro Electrónico del Paciente (REP). Método: Análisis retrospectivo de 95 pruebas y cuestionarios llenadós por nuevos empleados después del entrenamiento, de febrero a junio de 2014. Se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney para evaluar la relación de las pruebas de nota con las variables cualitativas. Resultados: Factores como el género, la edad y experiencia previa con el REP no promovió la mejora en el rendimiento del uso de REP. Ser graduado y tener el dominio em el uso de la informática influido en la percepción de un mejor desempeño. Conclusión: De este modo, se pone de relieve la necesidad de que las instituciones de salud adoptén políticas que contribuyan a la capacitación de sus profesionales.

Design and implementation of big data ad-hoc queries and statistics subsystem for miliary electronic health records / 军事医学

Objective To improve the analysis efficiency and interactive experience of the Military Electronic Health Records System(MEHRS)and to realize quick response of ad-hoc queries and statistics in the MEHRS with big data columnar storage and processing technologies.Methods We carried out requirement analysis and functional design of the ad-hoc queries and statistics subsystem of the MEHRS,proposed a three-tier architecture which included the archive storage layer,statistical pretreatment layer and statistical application layer.After the selection and evaluation of big data processing technologies,CarbonData columnar storage was used to store preprocessed data and executed statistics with Spark SQL on the basis of medical business data modeling and preprocessing.Results Five testing tasks were executed on two million archives in the following two subsystems:one with modeless and non-preprocessed MongoDB storage,the other with modeled and preprocessed CarbonData storage.The latter could finish these tasks within seconds and was dozens of times more efficient than the former statistically.Conclusion This study designs and implements a big data technology proposal that satisfies the quick response of ad-hoc queries and statistics in the MEHRS, providing powerful and flexible technical support for big data statistical analysis.

Management time for patients with acute cerebrovascular disease before and after re-accreditation of Grade Ⅲ Class A in a general hospital / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To compare the change of management time for patients with acute cerebrovascular disease before and after re-accreditation of Grade Ⅲ Class A in a general hospital.Methods Electronic medical records of 490 patients diagnosed as acute cerebrovascular disease(215 cases of cerebral infarction,275 cases of cerebral hemorrhage) managed in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2015 to July 2016 were collected,including 262 patients managed before re-accreditation (group A,June 2015 to December 2015) and 228 patients admitted after re-accreditation (group B,January 2016 to July 2016).In group A,there were 109 cases of cerebral infarction and 153 cases of cerebral hemorrhage(68 caused by trauma);in group B there were 106 cases of cerebral infarction and 122 cases of cerebral hemorrhage(54 caused by trauma).The time in emergency department (ED time),time waiting for admission (admission time) and the total management time (total time) were analyzed and compared between two groups.Results The ED time in group A and group B was 44.5 (30.0,71.5) and 39.0 (20.3,69.0) min (Z =-2.103,P =0.036) respectively;the admission time was 35.0 (25.8,50.0) and 39.0 (27.3,55.8) min(Z =-2.211,P=0.027);and total time was 85.0(62.8,120.0)and 82.5(61.0,119.0) min(Z =-0.356,P =0.722) in two groups respectively.For patients of cerebral infarction in group A and B the ED time was 49.0 (33.5,81.5) and 41.0 (29.8,74.3) min(Z =-1.872,P =0.061);the admission time was 37.0(27.0,52.0) and 36.0(25.0,52.3) min(Z =-0.516,P =0.606);and total timewas97.0(69.5,131.0)and 83.5(62.0,118.3) min(Z=-1.914,P=0.056).For patients of cerebral hemorrhage in group A and B,the ED time was 42.0 (28.0,64.0) and 35.0 (17.8,65.0) min (Z=-1.426,P =0.154);the admission time was 34.0(24.5,49.0)and 41.0(31.0,61.0) min (Z=-3.353,P =0.001);and total time was 79.0(58.0,108.0) and 82.0(60.0,120.8) min (Z =-1.052,P =0.293).Conclusions After re-accreditation of Grade Ⅲ Class A Hospital the total waiting time for patients of cerebral infarction is decreased significantly in emergency department,however,for patients of cerebral hemorrhage the waiting time for admission is longer.

Prototype of a computerized scale for the active search for potential organ donors / Protótipo de escala informatizada para busca ativa de potenciais doadores de órgãos / Prototipo de escala informatizada para la búsqueda activa de potenciales donantes de órganos

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a prototype of a computerized scale for the active search for potential organ and tissue donors. Method: methodological study, with the analysis of 377 electronic medical records of patients who died due to encephalic death or cardiorespiratory arrest in the intensive care units of a tertiary hospital. Among the deaths due to cardiorespiratory arrest, the study aimed to identify factors indicating underreported encephalic death cases. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment severity indexes were applied in the protocols. Based on this, a scale was built and sent to five experts for assessment of the scale content, and subsequently, it was computerized by using a prototyping model. Results: 34 underreported encephalic death cases were identified in the medical records of patients with cardiorespiratory arrest. Statistically significant differences were found in the Wilcoxon test between the scores of hospital admissions in the intensive care unit and the opening of the encephalic death protocol for both severity indexes. Conclusion: the prototype was effective for identifying potential organ donors, as well as for the identification of the degree of organ dysfunction in patients with encephalic death.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver protótipo de escala informatizada para busca ativa de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos. Método: pesquisa metodológica, com análise de 377 prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito, por morte encefálica, ou parada cardiorrespiratória, nas unidades de terapia intensiva de hospital terciário. Nos óbitos por parada cardiorrespiratória, buscou-se identificar fatores que indicassem subnotificação de morte encefálica. Nos protocolos, foram aplicados os índices de gravidade Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II e Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment. A partir disso, construiu-se a escala que foi encaminhada a cinco especialistas, para avaliação de conteúdo, e, posteriormente, foi informatizada por modelo de prototipação. Resultados: foram identificadas 34 subnotificações de morte encefálica nos prontuários dos casos de parada cardiorrespiratória. O teste de Wilcoxon demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os escores de admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva e abertura do protocolo de morte encefálica, para ambos os índices de gravidade. Conclusão: o protótipo foi efetivo para identificação de potenciais doadores, bem como o grau de disfunção orgânica de pacientes em morte encefálica.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar un prototipo de escala informatizada para la búsqueda activa de potenciales donantes de órganos y tejidos. Método: investigación metodológica, con el análisis de 377 registros médicos electrónicos de pacientes, que fallecieron por muerte encefálica o paro cardiorrespiratorio, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital terciario. Entre las muertes por paro cardiorrespiratorio, se buscó identificar los factores que indicasen subnotificación de muerte encefálica. Las puntuaciones de los índices de gravedad Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II y Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment se aplicaron en los protocolos. A partir de eso, la escala fue construida y enviada a cinco expertos para la evaluación del contenido, y posteriormente, fue informatizada mediante un modelo de prototipación. Resultados: se identificaron 34 casos de subnotificación de muerte encefálica en los registros médicos de los casos de paro cardiorrespiratorio. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prueba de Wilcoxon, entre las puntuaciones de los ingresos hospitalarios en unidad de cuidados intensivos y apertura del protocolo de muerte encefálica para ambos índices de gravedad. Conclusión: el prototipo fue eficaz para la identificación de potenciales donantes, así como para la identificación del grado de disfunción orgánica en pacientes con muerte encefálica.

Modelagem de Processos de Negócios usando BPMN para Desenvolvimento de um Prontuário Eletrônico de Pacientes / Business Process Modeling using BPMN for Development of an Electronic Health Record Patient / Modelaje de Procesos de Negocios usando BPMN para Implementación de un Prontuario Electrónico de Pacientes

O desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação em saúde é uma atividade complexa, entre outros fatores, pela necessidade de explicitar problemas do domínio em consonância com o processo de desenvolvimento do sistema. A modelagem de processos de negócios é uma atividade usada em diversas áreas para melhoria do entendimento do problema a ser resolvido, mas ainda incipiente no desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação em saúde. Neste artigo, é descrito como a modelagem de processos de negócios usando a linguagem BPMN pode ajudar no estabelecimento dos requisitos, características, processos e fluxos de dados entre diferentes sistemas de informações legados no projeto de uma aplicação de Prontuário Eletrônico de Paciente. A vantagem da modelagem dos processos de negócios é o mapeamento de tarefas efetivamente necessárias para o desenvolvimento, implantação e uso eficiente da aplicação.

Developing health information systems is a complex activity for many reasons, including the necessity of explaining domain problems according to the system development process. Business process modeling is an activity often applied in many domains to improve understanding of the problem to be solved. In this article, business process modeling is considered by using BPMN language to help in requirements documentation, characteristics, processes and data flow between different legacy information systems in the design of an Electronic Health Record application. The advantage of process modeling is the mapping of activities effectively necessary to develop, deploy and operate the application.

EL desarrollo de sistemas de información en salud es una actividad compleja, entre otros factores, por la necesidad de explicitar problemas del dominio en consonancia con el proceso de desarrollo del sistema. El modelaje de procesos de negocios es una actividad usada en diversas áreas para la mejoría del entendimiento del problema a ser resuelto, aún más incipiente en el desarrollo de sistemas de información en salud. En este artículo es descrito como el modelaje de procesos de negocios, usando el lenguaje BPMN, puede ayudar en el establecimiento de los requisitos, características, procesos y flujos de datos entre diferentes sistemas de informaciones legados de la institución em ló projecto de un Prontuario Electrónico de Paciente. La ventaja del modelaje de los procesos de negocios es el mapeado de tareas efectivamente necesarias para el desarrollo, implantación y uso eficiente de la applicacion.

Códigos QR y sus aplicaciones en las ciencias de la salud / QR codes and their uses in health sciences

El Código QR es un código bidimensional, fácilmente identificable por los tres cuadros ubicados en las esquinas superiores e inferior izquierda. Puede contener información de caracteres alfanuméricos, símbolos, Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana, códigos binarios y códigos de control. Es omnidireccional y su lectura puede realizarse desde un dispositivo móvil. Se realizó una revisión de artículos de las bases Scielo y Pubmed con el objetivo de indagar acerca de las aplicaciones de estos códigos en las ciencias de la salud y proponer algunas de estas para el Sistema Nacional de Salud cubano, cuya introducción ha sido paulatina, principalmente en la práctica y en la educación médica. Sin embargo, la diseminación y el uso es aún incipiente y existen muchas oportunidades. Un sistema de identificación nacional en salud permitiría una autentificación más fácil, rápida y efectiva, con un ahorro sustancial de recursos. Las empresas farmacéuticas podrían emplear un sistema similar, en este caso con informaciones de medicamentos. A pesar de sus limitaciones, son diversas las aplicaciones que poseen estos códigos en los servicios de salud. Esto, unido a la expansión tecnológica que vive hoy Cuba, permitirá en un futuro mediato la generalización y la difusión de estas tecnologías en beneficio de la sociedad.

The QR code is a two-dimensional code easily identifiable by the three boxes located in the top corners and the bottom left corner. It may contain information in alphanumeric characters, symbols, Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana, binary codes and control codes. It is omnidirectional and may be read from a mobile device. A review was conducted of papers from the databases Scielo and Pubmed about the uses of these codes in health sciences so as to propose some of those to the Cuban National Health System, where their introduction has been gradual, mainly in medical practice and education. However, their spread and use is still incipient and many opportunities still lie ahead. A national identification system for the health sector would allow easy, fast, effective authentication with substantial resource savings. Pharmaceutical enterprises could use a similar system, in their case with information about drugs. Despite their limitations, these codes may be used for a variety of purposes in health services. This possibility, combined with the current technological expansion experienced by Cuba, will permit generalization and dissemination of these technologies in the near future for the benefit of society.