Morfometria comparativa entre discos ópticos de familiares de glaucomatosos e normais pelo HRTII / Heidelberg retina tomograph comparative measurements in relatives of glaucomatous patients and normal

OBJETIVO: Comparar discos ópticos de pacientes normais com história familiar de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) com um grupo controle sem histórico familiar de glaucoma através da oftalmoscopia confocal a laser (HRTII). MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva da morfometria dos discos ópticos de pacientes com e sem história familiar de GPAA. Cada paciente foi submetido a exame oftalmológico completo, perimetria computadorizada, paquimetria e HRTII. Os pacientes foram classificados em três grupos de acordo com o grau de parentesco: primeiro grau (grupo 1), segundo grau (grupo 2) e grupo controle sem história familiar de glaucoma (grupo 3). Foram analisados: área total do disco óptico (Área Total), área de faixa neural (FxN), área da escavação (Esc.), relação escavação/disco (E/D) e relação E/D linear (L). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o programa SPSS 12.0. considerando-se apenas um dos olhos de cada paciente selecionado aleatoriamente. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos setenta e quatro pacientes com idade média de 42,58 anos. Comparando-se os grupos 1 e 2, encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa na variável Área Total, observando-se discos ópticos maiores no grupo 1. Comparando-se os grupos 1 e 3, as diferenças entre as variáveis Área Total, Esc, E/D e L foram estatisticamente significativas com predominância de valores mais elevados no grupo 1. Comparando-se os dados estereométricos entre os grupos 2 e 3 não foram encontradas diferenças de valores estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes normais parentes de primeiro grau de glaucomatosos apresentam maiores valores das variáveis topográficas do disco óptico quando comparados aos dos pacientes sem histórico familiar de glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether there is a difference in topographic characteristics of optic nerve head analyzed by Heidelberg retina tomography (HRTII) in relatives of normal patients with or without history of open angle glaucoma. METHODS: Retrospective study analyzing the optic disc morphometry of normal patients with or without family history of glaucoma. Each participant underwent a routine examination, visual field testing, pachimetry and optic nerve head topography. Patients were classified according their family history of glaucoma in groups as first-degree (group 1), far second-degree (group 2) and no siblings with glaucoma (control group). Optic disc analyzed parameters were: disc area, rim area, cup area, cup/disc ratio (E/D) and linear cup/disc ratio. Statistical analysis was made through the SPSS 12.0 program considering only one randomized eye. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (74 eyes) were included. The average age was 42.58 years. In the stereometric analysis, the comparison between the disc area from the group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant (P < 0.005), with marked overlap in group 1, fact that was repeated for the variables disc area, cup area, cup/disc ratio linear cup/disc ratio comparing first -degree and control group. There was no statistical difference comparing group 2 and 3 in the stereometric analysis. CONCLUSION: First-degree siblings of glaucoma patients present stereometric differences in optic disc when compared with patients without history of glaucoma. These differences were found in patients with no signs of the disease.

Linfomas no hodgkin: área metropolitana de Bucaramanga / Non-hodgkin lymphomas from Bucaramanga metropolitan area

Introducción: Ninguna neoplasia ha generado tanta confusión en sus sistemas de clasificación como los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH). Una correcta tipificación es necesaria para el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento. El propósito de este estudio fue clasificar los LNH del registro poblacional de cáncer del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, utilizando como población los pacientes con LNH del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2006. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas y de inmunohistoquímica en bloques de parafina. Se utilizo la clasificación de linfomas de la OMS. Resultados: Se estudiaron 320 pacientes y se encontró predominio de la enfermedad en la 6ª y 7ª década. La distribución por género fue mayor en hombres con 61,26% y mujeres 45,6%. El sitio anatómico de compromiso más frecuente fue ganglios cervicales con 25,6%. La mayoría expresaron antígenos B, 86,8%, y T, 1,8%. El subtipo más frecuente fue difuso de célula grande en el 29,6%. Conclusiones: La mayoría los LNH del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga son de linajes B, nodales y de célula grande difuso. Fue evidente el uso limitado de otras técnicas para la clasificación de estas neoplasias en nuestra región.

Introduction: There is not a neoplasm that has generated such confusion on its classification system such as the Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma. An adequate classification is necessary for diagnosis, prognostic and treatment. The purpose of this study was to classify the NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area poblational cancer registry. Patients and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was made, using as population the patients with NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area from January 2000 until December 2006. The information was obtained from the clinical records and inmunohistochemistry in paraffin blocks. The WHO lymphoma classification was used. Results: 320 patients were studied and a predominance of the disease was found on the 6th and 7th decade of life. Gender distribution was higher in men with 61.26% and women 45.6%. The anatomical site more frequently affected were the cervical lymph nodes with 25.6%. Most of them expressed B antigens, 86.8%, and T, 1.8%. The most frequent subtype was diffuse large B cell in 29.6%. Conclusions: Most of the NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area are nodal, of B lineage, and diffuse large cell subtype. The limited use of other techniques for the classification of these neoplasms in our region was evident.

Linfomas extranodales en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga: 2000-2004 / Extranodal lymphomas in Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area: 2000-2004

Antecedentes: Los linfomas extranodales (LEN) se localizan en cualquier sitio diferente a los ganglios linfáticos, como el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) y la piel; la mayoría son de tipo linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH). Representan entre el 25-45% de todos los LNH, y el subtipo histopatológico más frecuente corresponde a linfoma difuso de células B grandes (LDCBG). El objetivo de este estudio es identificar algunas características socio-demográficas de los pacientes con linfomas extranodales residentes en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga (AMB), así como otras características propias de los LEN. Metodología: Usando los datos recolectados en el RPC - AMB se calcularon frecuencias de algunas variables (sexo, edad, localización anatómica, tipo histopatológico) de los LEN. Resultados: entre los años 2000-2004 se detectaron 247 casos de linfomas; 72 (29%) correspondieron a LEN. El 58% de los casos ocurrieron en hombres y el 42% en mujeres. Se encontró predominio de la enfermedad en la 6a y 7a década de la vida. Los sitios de mayor presentación fueron TGI (29%), piel (14%), y tejidos blandos (14%). Las clasificaciones más frecuentes para los LEN fueron LNH - NOS (No especificado) (27,7%) y linfoma difuso de células B grandes (19,4%). Conclusiones: Se encontraron semejanzas en las características de los LEN - NH comparado con los datos registrados a nivel mundial. Es necesario promover la implementación de métodos diagnósticos avanzados para este tipo de neoplasias. [Uribe CJ, García CA, Meza EE, Camacho RM, Acevedo DJ. Linfomas extranodales en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga: 2000-2004. MedUNAB 2009; 12:19-21].

Background: Extranodal Lymphomas (ENL) are localized in any site different to the lymph nodes, as the Gastrointestinal Tract and the skin, and in the majority of the cases are Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). They represent between 25-45% of all the cases of NHL, and the most frequent histopathologycal subtype is the diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of this study is to identify some socio-demographic characteristics and other that are inherent to the ENL in this geographical region between 2000-2004. Methodology: Using data collected by RPC - AMB, were calculated frequencies of some variables (sex, age, anatomic localization, and histopathologycal type). Results: 247 cases of lymphomas were detected between 2000-2004, 72 (29%) were EN-NHL. Men were most frequently affected than women, with 59% and 41% respectively. The disease was most frequent in the 6th and 7th decade of the life. The most involved anatomical sites were the GIT (29%), the skin (14%), and soft tissues (14%). The most frequent histopathologycal types were NHL - NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) (30,4%), DLBCL (15,1%), and Malignant Lymphoma - NOS (13,5%). Conclusions: compared with worldwide data, our study presents similar characteristics of the ENL. It is necessary to promote the improvement in advance diagnosis methods for this kind of neoplasm. [Uribe CJ, García CA, Meza EE, Camacho RM, Acevedo DJ. Extranodal lymphomas in Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area: 2000-2004. MedUNAB 2009; 12:19-21].