Promoción de la salud en la Universidad Médica a 35 años de la Declaración de Edimburgo / Health promotion at the Medical University 35 years after the Edinburgh Declaration i: en

En este artículo se realiza una breve descripción de lo que se entiende por promoción de la salud y su relación con la Declaración de Edimburgo; informe final de la Conferencia Mundial de Educación Médica realizada en 1988. Asimismo, se vincula el propósito de la educación médica (a profesionales de la salud) según esta proclamación y su operativización a través del movimiento de Universidades Promotoras de Salud, que no solo busca formar profesionales en este contexto, sino que la institución genere condiciones y entornos favorecedores de salud y bienestar. Se reflexiona que para cumplir este propósito y las recomendaciones de la Declaración de Edimburgo es necesario fusionar los criterios, las variables y los estándares de la calidad formativa e institucional con los componentes indispensables para ser una universidad promotora de salud.

This article provides a brief description of what is meant by health promotion and its relationship with the Edinburgh Declaration; final report of the World Conference on Medical Education held in 1988. Also, the purpose of medical education (for health professionals) is linked according to this proclamation and its operationalization through the Health Promoting Universities' movement, which not only seeks to train professionals in this context, but also for the institution to create conditions and environments that promote health and well-being. It is reflected that in order to fulfill this purpose and the recommendations of the Edinburgh Declaration it is necessary to merge the criteria, variables and standards to achieve educational and institutional quality with the indispensable components to be a health promoting university.

Reflection on the Integration of Great Anti-epidemic Spirit into the Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses in Medical Colleges:Taking the Course of "Outline of Modern Chinese History" as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

The integration of the great anti-epidemic spirit into the teaching of Outline of Modern Chinese History is an important content of the education and teaching reform of ideological and political courses in medical colleges in the post-epidemic era. The integration of them is helpful for optimizing the discourse system of "Outline" course, strengthening the political function of "Outline" course, and deepening the value guidance of "Outline" course. It is necessary to carefully study the teaching content of the "Outline" course, find out its similarities and integration with the great anti-epidemic spirit, and then, by basing on the main position of the classroom, building a large platform for practice, making good use of new network media and other specific paths, "genetically" embedded the great anti-epidemic spirit, the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Marxist standpoint and methods, the remarkable advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the solid national strength of China into the teaching process, so as to improve the effectiveness of the "Outline" course and cultivate medical talents with firm political stance and noble medical ethics in the new era.

Exploration of the development of Industry-University-Institute cooperation for promoting scientific and technological achievements transformation in medical universities: Taking "Shanghai Pharmaceuticals-SJTUSM Innovative Achievements" incubation platform as an example / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:The article aims to explore the positive promoting effect of the construction of a medical university’s incubation platform on the Industry-University-Institute cooperation and biomedical scientific and technological achievements transformation.Methods:Through literature review, the article studied the existing mode of Industry-University-Institute cooperation in universities, analyzed the main bottlenecks, and summarized the practical exploration experience of ″Shanghai Pharmaceuticals-SJTUSM Innovative Achievements″ incubation platform.Results:The incubation platform effectively promoted the process and system construction of the scientific and technological achievements transformation in the university, and improved the project mining level and platform support function.Conclusions:The practical exploration of the incubation platform lays a foundation for the construction of the biomedical industrial park. Through the in-depth construction of the " Government-Industry-University-Institute-Investment-Inventor" development chain, the platform can help to promote strategic innovation and industrialization of achievements, making the " first-in-class" medicine in China.

Exploration and practice of teachers' training based on professional career cycle theory / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on career cycle theory, this paper mainly discussed the training system of teachers in colleges and universities. Considering the teachers' teaching and scientific research development, tachers' career in colleges and universities can be divided into four stages: adapting transition stage, growth stage, stable contribution stage and regression stage. From the perspective of the above-mentioned analysis of the characteristics in different stages, well-directed training schemes should be set up. The practice results show that the teacher' training system has promoted the growth of teachers, strengthened the competitive power of teachers, and achieved good training results.

Analyzing discipline level of 12 medical universities based on the ESI and InCites databases / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Researching the academic level of 12 domestic medical universities by databases of scientific evaluation.Methods Researching the academic level of top 12 medical universities of China mainland based on the ESI and InCites.Results Peking Union Medical College ranked first on overall academic level in 12 medical universities,and clinical medicine has the highest academic level.Every university has its ESI disciplines and potential disciplines,most TOP papers belong to clinical medicine,but other disciplines also had.Conclusions The overall academic level of 12 medical uni versities is higher,in addition to,the ESI disciplines need to maintain,and the potential disciplines need to support.

Research on the Current Situation and Promotion Path of Instructors' Professional Quality in Medical Universities and Colleges in Xinjiang / 中国医学伦理学

The professional quality of counselors directly affects the growth of medical students and the effect of school education management.At present,the counselors' professional quality is at an overall high level in medical universities and colleges in Xinjiang that can be competent for the job requirements.However,there still exist some problems.For example,the structure of cultural knowledge is unreasonable,the professional proficiency needs to be improved,the psychological quality needs to be strengthened,and so forth.Changing the knowledge and ideas,establishing a long-term mechanism,and the counselors themselves recognizing consciously and promoting initiative are the way to improve the counselors' professional qualities in medical universities and colleges in Xinjiang.

Investigation and Thinking on Nursing Ethics Teaching in Local Medical Universities and Colleges: Take an Example of Medical School in Xi'an / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To understand the effect and existing problems of teaching reform about primary health care demands in local medical universities and colleges.Methods:With sampling survey method,150 students from Xi'an Medical College were investigated using questionnaires.Results:Totally 93.1％ of the freshmen approved of setting up the courses,72.6％ of the students thought that nursing ethics and skills were equally important,43.2％ of the students thought learning this course made themselves have a new understanding of nursing ethics.Totally 84.2％ of the students were satisfied with the teacher's teaching process,while 69％ of the students were not satisfied with the existing teaching materials.Conclusion:The teaching method oriented by practical problems and the teachers' own efforts are prerequisites for students' acceptance of this course.Content setting based on post needs is an important link of nursing ethics teaching effect.Setting up sustainable teaching time is the basis of the teaching effect.High quality teaching materials are necessary conditions to achieve the teaching orderly.

Study on the approaches and institutional guarantee of scientific research achievements classified transformation in medical universities / 中华医学科研管理杂志

This study researched the results transformation problem in medical universities,sorted the current situation in this filed,analyzed the causes of the low transformational rate.Then by referring to the domestic and overseas experience,the author designed the classified transforma tional path of medical research results according to their respective features,finally put forward policy suggestions for institutional guarantee policy to promote the transformation of medical universities.

Study of the micro-teaching to improve the medical university physiological teachers' teaching skills / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present,most of the physiological teachers of medical university in our country have graduated from medical universities,and have never been trained by special teachers.Because of the influence of medical education training mode and cultural environment factors,teachers' teaching ability and teaching level are different.This paper proposed the full range of skills training for teachers through microteaching.To enhance the in-service teachers' teaching ability and professional level of development,the design procedures of the microteaching training should include the establishment of tutor teaching system,training teachers preparing lessons,after-school peer experts review,self-evaluation and improvement of the video after watching video and questionnaire evaluation,etc.

Exploration of the interconnection working mechanism for secondary management organization of the interns in medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

As the medical college students are scattered to each practice hospital, the status of the secondary clinical medical colleges' education management to interns is weakened, and the problems and contradictions are becoming increasingly prominent. In the process of internship education management, through the establishment of the secondary medical colleges' interconnection management working mecha-nism, we can effectively solve the outstanding problems in the current internship edu-cation management, to achieve mutual trust between the secondary clinical medical college and the training hospital, and en-hance the effectiveness of the management of interns.

Exploration on efficiency evaluation model of large-scale equipment in universities / 中国医学装备

Objective: The paper endeavors to explore effective efficiency evaluation system for large-scale equipment in universities by considering status quo of large-scale equipment management. Methods: Existing efficiency evaluation systems of large-scale equipment are carefully examined in terms of current application, management and evaluation results. Based on comprehensive evaluation index system, specific evaluation standards are established, according to which evaluations are conducted. Results: Established based on large-scale equipment’ application, specific efficiency evaluation indexes and weights therefore could comprehensively and objectively reflect service efficiency of large-scale equipment. Conclusion:Comprehensive and objective efficiency evaluation can better reflect service efficiency of large-scale equipment and thus provide reliable reference for purchasers.

Reflection on R & D differentiation strategy in medical universities / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Differentiation strategy includes self examination on ability,location and intention,strengthening self rarity according to its own characteristics,and improving core competitive power.This article reviewed several related issues in R&D fields,and suggested to set up new evaluation systems which focus on discipline construction,scientific research output,classified evaluation and representative work.

Practice and enlightenment of the British and French language analogy method in bilingual teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The British and French language analogy method in bilingual teaching was applied to the clinical students who were learning medical French in Kunming Medical University. Based on the students' good English foundation , a series of problems were solved properly such as contradictions between the professional course and foreign language classes , unmatched textbooks and teaching con-tents, the teachers' quality by lexical analogy and textual analogy and the rational allocation of the British and French language analogy teaching content. The teaching contents and methods were also properly worked out and good results were got.

El trabajo metodológico: prioridad para el curso escolar 2013-2014 en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Methodological work: priority for the 2013-2014 school year in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Matanzas

El trabajo metodológico se concreta, fundamentalmente, en el desarrollo con calidad del proceso docente educativo, así como con las tareas de alto impacto social y otras de carácter extracurricular que cumplen los estudiantes. Sus funciones principales son la planificación, la organización, la regulación y el control. El adecuado desempeño de estas funciones, garantiza el eficiente desarrollo del proceso docente educativo. En el artículo se caracteriza el curso escolar y se considera que el perfeccionamiento del Trabajo Docente y Científico Metodológico debe ser una prioridad en los diferentes colectivos, lo que permitirá el incremento de los resultados de los indicadores de eficiencia. Se concluye que el Trabajo Metodológico en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, debe ser el instrumento principal que contribuya a la generación de nuevos conocimientos, que garanticen el desarrollo humano y sostenible, la formación y promoción de valores y el desarrollo de la cultura, lo que permitiría lograr la acreditación de las carreras y de la institución.

Methodological work takes form, mainly, in the qualitative development of the teaching learning process, and also, in the high social impact tasks and in other extra-curricular ones the students carry out. Their main functions are planning, organization, regulation and control. The adequate fulfillment of these functions guarantees the efficient development of the teaching learning process. In the article, the school year is characterized and it is considered that the improvement of the teaching scientific-methodological work should be a priority in the different collectives that will allow increasing the goals of the efficiency indicators. We arrived to the conclusion that, in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, methodological work should be the main instrument contributing to generating new knowledge, guaranteeing the human and sustainable development, the values formation and promotion, and the development of the culture that will allow the careers and institution accreditation.

Eficacia de la terapia floral de Bach contra el estrés académico en estudiantes de primer año de estomatología / Effectiveness of Bach's floral therapy against the academic stress in first year Stomatology students

Se realizó un ensayo clínico en fase II, controlado, con anonimato sencillo, en 60 estudiantes con estrés académico -- distribuidos de forma aleatoria en 2 grupos: uno experimental y otro de control --, que cursaban el primer año de la carrera de estomatología en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Efraín Benítez Popa" de Bayamo, Granma, de septiembre del 2011 a junio del 2012, a fin de evaluar la eficacia de la terapia floral de Bach contra dicho estado de cansancio psíquico. Para determinar la asociación entre los grupos se utilizó la prueba de la X² de Friedman, con un nivel de significación de 5 %. Se obtuvo que antes de la aplicación de la terapia floral, 50,0 % de los alumnos tenían niveles alto y medio de estrés académico, y después de la intervención solo 30,0 % mantuvo el grado medio de estrés y 10,0 %, un nivel elevado de este.

A single-blind controlled phase II clinical trial, was carried out in 60 students with academic stress -- randomly distributed into 2 groups: a control and an experimental groups -- who studied the first year of the Stomatology career in "Dr. Efraín Benítez Popa" Branch of Medical Sciences in Bayamo, Granma, from September, 2011 to June, 2012, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of Bach's floral therapy against this state of psychic fatigue. To determine the association among the groups the Friedman`s chi-square test was used, with a level of significance of 5%. It was obtained that before the application of the floral therapy, 50% of students had high and half levels of academic stress, and after the intervention only 30.0% maintained the mean degree of stress and 10.0%, a high level of it.

Reseña histórica de egresados en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. (1968-2010) / Historical review of the graduated students in Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences. (1968-2010)

El trabajo procura caracterizar el comportamiento de la culminación de estudios del capital humano en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre los años 1968 y 2010, como expresión de toda la trayectoria de este alto centro de estudios. El trabajo incluye información referida no solo a los estudiantes cubanos, sino también a los graduados de la Escuela de Medicina Latinoamericana (ELAM), del continente africano y estudiantes de otros orígenes geográficos. En este sentido, el estudio aporta elementos para medir la contribución de la citada institución en las prácticas solidarias que han permitido graduar en Cuba a miles de profesionales de la salud, preferentemente de países hermanos del Tercer Mundo. Esta memoria se apoya en el análisis de rigurosos conteos estadísticos reflejados en documentos de la Secretaría General de la Universidad, con la aspiración de proporcionar al usuario herramientas objetivas para apreciar los resultados de su devenir histórico.

The purpose of this work is to review the behavior of the human resources that have finished their studies in Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from 1968 to 2010, the information that this work contains not only includes Cuban students but also about graduates from the Latin-American School of Medicine, the African continent as well as other parts of the world. This study possesses elements to measure the contribution of this institution to the solidaristic practices which have permitted to graduate thousands of health professionals in Cuba, preferably from fellow third world countries. This memory is based on the analysis of rigorous statistic counting reflected in documents of the General Secretariat of the university, with the aspiration to facilitate an objective tool to the users to appreciate the outcomes of the historical evolution.

Investigation on employment of non medicine majors in medical universities and colleges and its countermeasures / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate employment of non medicine majors in medical universities and colleges and to provide recommendations.Methods Investigation on employment intention of 2010 grade non medicine majors in medical universities and colleges in Guangzhou was conducted.SPSS 13.0 was used to establish database and results were expressed as constituent ratio.Results Most non medicine majors wanted to find a job rather than taking postgraduate entrance exams and civil service test.Realizing their own values was the main purposes of employment.Preferred employment areas were mainly concentrated in large city(71.08％)and urban city(18.67％).Students expect a monthly salary between 3001 and 4000.Conclusions Employment intentions of non-medical students in medical universities and colleges are rational enough and career planning education should be strengthened.

NEUROEVAL: software para la autoevaluación de educandos en una escuela de medicina ghanesa / NEUROEVAL: software for self-evaluation of students in a medical school of Ghana

Se efectuó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico en la Universidad para Estudios del Desarrollo, en especial la Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de Tamale (Northern Region, Ghana), de enero a marzo del 2010, mediante la confección de un software educativo nombrado NEUROEVAL, que incluía el contenido impartido sobre el sistema nervioso central en las clases prácticas de Anatomía y serviría para la autoevaluación de los estudiantes, previo al examen final de cada sección. La eficacia del software se validó mediante encuestas a usuarios (n=15) y expertos (n=7), los cuales coincidieron al evaluarlo como útil (93,7 y 100,0 %, respectivamente). En cuanto a su diseño, los usuarios lo hallaron funcional y comprensible, mientras que los expertos refirieron que era simple. El contenido fue valorado como importante para ambos grupos. En fin, el aporte de esta herramienta informática al proceso docente fue satisfactorio.

A technological development study was conducted at the University for Development Studies, especially School of Medicine and Health Sciences of Tamale (Northern Region, Ghana) from January to March 2010, by means of an educational software named NEUROEVAL, including the content imparted on the central nervous system in Anatomy practical classes and it would serve for the self-evaluation of students before the final examination of each section. The effectiveness of the software was validated through users (n =15) and experts (n=7) surveys, who agreed to evaluate it as useful (93.7% and 100.0%, respectively). On terms of design, users found it functional and comprehensible, while experts reported that it was simple. The content was valued as important for both groups. Finally, the contribution of this computer tool to the educational process was satisfactory.

Function of College English in humanistic education in medical universities and colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Language,as a cartier of specified social culture,is closely and complementarily associated with it.Considering the especial education targets of medical universities and colleges,the present curriculum and the trend of international communication,College English is obliged to focus on humanistic value and necessarily plays its constructive role in heightening students' humanistic quality.

Problems and countermeasures for bilingual teaching in medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Bilingual teaching in medical universities and colleges has been developing as a teaching pattern in the recent years in China.Many problems in bilingual teaching need to be analyzed and solved.The paper discusses some problems during the bilingual languages teaching in medical universities/colleges,and also gives some measures and beneficial suggestions on it.