Current situation of health checkup and the management willingness of post-test abnormal values among residents of mega communities / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of health checkups and the management willingness of post-test abnormal values in residents of mega communities, and to explore the factors affecting the demand for health management of abnormal values after examination.Methods:A cross-sectional study. The residents of Huaguoyuan Community in Guiyang City were enrolled as the objects of this surveywith stratified systematic sampling method and questionnaire survey. The binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of health management demand for abnormal values after examination.Results:There were 404 residents participating in this survey, and 182 cases were male (45.05%) and 222 cases were female (54.95%); the mean age was (39.64±15.03) years. There were 179 (44.31%) urban residents and 225 (55.69%) rural residents. There were 162 (40.10%) floating population and 242 (59.90%) non-floating population. Of the residents, 34.2% participated in the physical examination independently due to physical reasons. The age ( χ 2=16.227), household registration ( χ 2=16.117) and occupation ( χ 2=36.454) had statistically significant differences in residents′ participation in physical examination; the household registration ( χ 2=18.726, P<0.001) and occupation ( χ 2=18.094, P=0.034) had significant differences in the handling methods of abnormal values of physical examination. The age ( OR=7.00, P=0.032) and income ( OR=0.33, P=0.047) were the influencing factors of health management needs of abnormal values after health checkup. Conclusion:The awareness of active physical examination of residents in mega community is weak, and it is recommended to strengthen health education and health promotion; residents have a high willingness to the management of abnormal values after health checkup, it can be an important supplement to improve the service quality of physical examination related institutions.

Screening for various non-communicable diseases: a community based multi-diagnostic mega camp approach study from Raichur, Karnataka

Background: The77% of all non-communicable illnesses (NCDs) deaths are in low-and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually, followed by cancers (9.3 million), respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). These 4 groups of diseases account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths. Objective was to study prevalence of NCDs and its trends with respect to age and gender. Methods: The present community based descriptive observational studywas conducted at Navodaya medical college hospital and research centre, Raichurthatcaters Urban and ruralareaof Raichur. The 4063 apparently healthy population from urban and rural part of Raichur were screened during the multi diagnostic mega camp at urban and rural areas around Raichur during the period of January to September 2021. Results:Prevalence of diabetes in our study was 46.3%, hypertension 45.3%, cataract 46.3% and COPD as 20.7%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in 41-60 years i.e., 41.6%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in 41-50 years i.e., 25.3%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in males i.e., 54.1%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in males i.e., 50.8%. Conclusions: Prevalence of all NCDs was more in above 40 years and more in males except COPD.

Evaluation of Accessibility of Road Traffic Sidewalks Using the Codes for Accessibility Design in the Mega-city: a Case of Shanghai / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the accessibility construction status of road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai. Methods:From July to September, 2019, 46 road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai were selected using a convenience sampling, and evaluation tools were designed based on the Codes for Accessibility Design (GB 50763-2012) and Standards for Design on Accessibility of Buildings and Facilities (DGJ08-103-2003). After field check and experience for the sidewalks, the compliance rates of evaluation dimensions and evaluation contents of sidewalks were analyzed using the descriptive analysis. The weights of each dimension were calculated using the principal component analysis to construct the sidewalk comprehensive barrier score model, and to compare the sidewalk comprehensive barrier scores in different areas of Shanghai. From September to November 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven persons with disabilities to understand the sidewalk barriers for them. Results:The overall compliance rate of sidewalk accessibility was 4.35%. Among the evaluated contents, 93.5% sidewalks had a curb ramp, 91.3% had a height difference between the ramp and the carriageway, 26.1% were not paved with tactile ground surface indicators; 71.7% tactile ground surface indicators were blocked by poles, etc., and 84.8% were occupied by obstacles. The warning indicator was the greatest weight among the evaluated dimensions. The barrier of sidewalks was high (36.7%) and medium (20.0%) in the central area, which was higher than that in the sub-central area (both 6.3%) (P < 0.05). There were many obstacles during the experience of sidewalks using, resulting in less using of the barrier-free facilities. Conclusion:Most of the sidewalks in Shanghai do not meet the standards of the Codes for Accessibility Design. It is urgent to construct and maintain the barrier-free facilities.

Measuring the legacy of mega-events: sportive usage index of the Brazil 2014 FIFA World Cup™

Abstract Aims: This study's general objective is to analyze the sportive usage of the 12 Brazil 2014 FIFA World Cup™ arenas. The specific objectives are: (i) To measure the 12 arenas' sportive legacy usage; (ii) To examine and analyze the causes and effects of the results that were found; and (iii) To develop a sportive usage index. Methods: To achieve these objectives, the documental research method was employed. Once in possession of the qualitative and quantitative data, parameters were established for the analysis, which was limited by the seasons from 2014 to 2019. We then constructed tables and applied statistical treatment. Results: 2014 Season: 215 matches; 2015 Season: 287 matches; 2016 Season: 248 matches; 2017 Season: 260 matches; 2018 Season: 296 matches; and 2019 Season: 325 matches. These results revealed extremes, with some arenas receiving little use and others being highly used. The sportive usage index was about ≅23 matches/year and 2 matches/month. Conclusions: These results are not random and occurred due to matters pertaining to Brazilian soccer peculiarities, with an emphasis on successive increases in the number of competitions; a large number of matches per year; arenas constructed in locations with low popularity teams that receive little use; and political and management issues that interrupted an arena's use (Maracanã in 2016) We recommend that new studies be conducted focusing on the management of these arenas, their state of maintenance and/or conservation, costs, budgets and the use of public resources in their construction.

Copa do mundo futebol 2014 e Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 como políticas públicas de estado e de governo: equívocos inequívocos / 2014 soccer world cup and Rio 2016 Olympic Games as public policies of state and government: unequivocal mistakes

Na Copa do Mundo Futebol 2014 e Olimpíadas Rio 2016 foram investidos 66 Bilhões de Reais, grande parte em estádios e parques esportivos: o sistema jurídico brasileiro permite estes gastos? O objetivo é cotejar disposições da ordem jurídica do país sobre esporte, saúde, educação e lazer, em face da opção pelos onerosos megaeventos esportivos. Metodologicamente, é um estudo analítico-comparativo correlacionando os gastos com estádios e parques olímpicos com os principais documentos sobre os referidos direitos sociais. Como resultados, não há compatibilidade entre o ordenamento jurídico e os gastos. O país investiu equivocadamente porque o sistema jurídico brasileiro prioriza a infraestrutura de base para a saúde, educação, esporte e lazer. Os atletas e medalhistas olímpicos merecem todo respeito, mas, pela imposição jurídica, megaeventos esportivos desta magnitude não deveriam ter sido realizados no Brasil.

In the 2014 Soccer World Cup and Rio 2016 Olympics 66 Billion Reais were invested, mostly in stadiums and sports parks: does the Brazilian legal system allow these expenses? The objective is to compare provisions of the country's judicial system on sports, health, education and leisure, in view of the option for the expensive sports mega-events. Methodologically, it is an analytical-comparative study correlating the expenditures with stadiums and Olympic parks with the main documents on the referred social rights. As a result, there is no compatibility between the judicial system and spending. The country invested wrongly because the Brazilian legal system prioritizes the basic infrastructure for health, education, sport and leisure. Olympic athletes and medalists deserve all respect, but due to legal requirements, sports mega-events of this magnitude should not have been held in Brazil.

Legados dos megaeventos esportivos para a proposta pedagógica do Programa Segundo Tempo / Legacies of mega sport events for the pedagogic proposal of the Program Segundo Tempo

A realização da Copa do Mundo de Futebol, em 2014, e dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paraolímpicos, em 2016, trouxeram à tona, no Brasil, a discussão sobre os legados de megaeventos esportivos, em especial sobre como os investimentos públicos nestes eventos reverteriam em prol de projetos sociais esportivos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi debater, a partir de seus agentes sociais, como os legados dos egaeventos esportivos se refletem no desenvolvimento das ações do Programa Segundo Tempo (PST), um programa social esportivo de dimensão nacional levado a efeito pelo Governo Federal. A pesquisa, do tipo descritiva, utilizou um questionário fechado. Participaram do estudo 513 agentes do PST, integrantes de 27 convênios situados nas cinco regiões geográficas do Brasil, envolvidos diretamente com as ações administrativas (Coordenador Geral e Coordenador Pedagógico) e interventivas (Coordenador de Núcleo e Monitores). Para a análise das respostas aos questionários, empregou-se a estatística descritiva. Os dados foram organizados em duas categorias definidas a priori: 1) Possíveis legados dos megaeventos esportivos na proposta pedagógica do PST; 2) A contemplação da Educação Olímpica na proposta pedagógica do PST. Os resultados evidenciaram que, na proposta pedagógica do PST, há indicativos de estratégias que favorecem a consolidação dos legados destes megaeventos esportivos. Entretanto, ainda se fazem necessárias ações que reforcem o trabalho com os valores no esporte, centrais na Educação Olímpica. Considerando que o país se encontra em um momento pósmegaevento, os resultados desta pesquisa reiteram o valor dos programas sociais esportivos como uma estratégia governamental para fortalecer e concretizar os legados desses eventos, especialmente os legados sociais...(AU)

The 2014 Football World Cup and the Rio 2016 Olympics and Paralympics brought to the fore in Brazil a discussion about the legacies of mega sport events, especially about how public investments in these events would revert to social sport projects. The aim of the present research is to debate, according to the perspective of its social agents, how the sports mega events legacy reflexes on the development of actions taken of the Programa Segundo Tempo (PST), a social sport program of national dimension carried out by the Brazilian Federal Government. The research, of the descriptive type, used a closed question questionnaire. The participants of the study were 513 PST agents, who integrated 27 covenants from the five geographic regions of Brazil, directly involved with the administrative (General Coordinator and Pedagogical Coordinator) and intervening actions (Core Coordinator and Monitors). For the analysis of the questionnaire's responses, descriptive statistics were sed. The data were organized in two categories defined a priori: 1) Possible legacies of the mega sport events for the pedagogical proposal of the PST; 2) The contemplation of Olympic Education in the pedagogical proposal of the PST. The results showed that, in the pedagogical proposal of the PST, there are indicatives of strategies that favor the consolidation of the legacies of these mega sport events.However, actions are still needed to strengthen the work with values in sport, central elements of the Olympic Education. Considering that the country is now in a post-mega event moment, the results of this research reiterate the value of sport social programs as a governmental strategy for strengthening andconcretizing the legacies of these events, especially the social ones...(AU)

Perfluoro-n-octane-assisted mega Weiss-ring technique for posterior vitreous detachment induction in retinal detachment

Induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is one of the most critical steps for the success of retinal detachment (RD) surgery. Failure to completely remove the vitreous can result in re-detachments. We describe a novel technique to induce PVD. After core vitrectomy, perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) is injected. The vitreous on the posterior pole is gently stroked, with a diamond-dusted membrane scraper, to create a defect in it. This defect is gradually enlarged to create a ring of rolled out vitreous. The entire vitreous is removed in form of a sheet by lifting the edges of the ring using an internal limiting membrane peeling forceps. PFCL naturally slides into the potential space, gradually extending the vitreous detachment peripherally. With this technique, the vitreous sheet in case of RD can easily, effectively and safely be removed with this technique.

GP Brasil de Fórmula 1: um megaevento esportivo e sua relação com a cidade de São Paulo / GP Brazil Formula 1: a sport mega event and its relationship with the city of São Paulo / GP Brasil de Fórmula 1: un mega evento deportivo y su relación con la ciudad de São Paulo

A temática sobre os megaeventos esportivos ganhou ampla discussão no cenário político e esportivo nacional na última década. Megaeventos esportivos atraem grande número de visitantes e promovem a venda de grande quantidade de ingressos; possuem relevância e cobertura de mídia internacionais; exigem um grande investimento por parte dos organizadores, representados por entidades governamentais em conjunto com entidades não governamentais; geram significativa atividade econômica para as cidades sedes. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, foram analisadas essas características e chegou-se a conclusão que o GP Brasil é classificado como um megaevento esportivo. Este estudo demonstra também que sediar um megaevento esportivo deve fazer parte de um planejamento eficiente visando reais benefícios para a população das cidades sedes. Um evento que ocorra de maneira consecutiva, por vários anos, em um mesmo local, reúne maiores condições de gerar uma identificação com sua cidade sede, facilitando o desenvolvimento desses possíveis benefícios.

The theme of sports mega events has gained wide discussion in the national political and sports scene in the last decade. Sports events attract large numbers of visitors and promote the sale of large amounts of tickets; have international media coverage and relevance; require a large investment by the organizers, represented by governmental entities together with non-governmental entities; generate significant economic activity for host cities. Through a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, these characteristics were analyzed and concluded that the Brazil GP is classified as a sport mega event. This study also demonstrates that hosting a sports mega event should be part of an efficient planning aimed at real benefits for the population of the host cities. An event that occurs consecutively, for several years, in the same place, is better able to generate an identification with its host city, facilitating the development of these possible benefits.

La temática sobre los mega eventos deportivos ganó amplia discusión en el escenario político y deportivo nacional en la última década. Mega eventos deportivos atraen gran número de visitantes, promueven la venta de gran cantidad de ingresos; tienen relevancia y cobertura de medios internacionales; exigen una gran inversión por parte de los organizadores, entidades gubernamentales en conjunto con entidades no gubernamentales; generan significativa actividad económica para las ciudades sedes. Por medio de investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, se analizaron esas características y se concluyó que el GP es clasificado como un mega evento deportivo. Este estudio demuestra que albergar un mega evento deportivo debe formar parte de una planificación eficiente con vistas reales a la población de las ciudades sedes. Un evento que ocurra consecutivamente, por varios años, en un mismo lugar, reúne mayores condiciones de generar una identificación con su ciudad sede, facilitando el desarrollo de esos posibles beneficios.

National control programme against nutritional blindness due to vitamin A deficiency: Current status & future strategy

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among 1-5 yr old children is reported to be widely prevalent in Southeast Asia and some parts of Africa. It is the leading cause of preventable blindness in young children in the low-income countries in the world. Children even with milder signs of VAD have higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Inadequate dietary intakes of vitamin A with poor bioavailability associated with frequent infections are the primary contributory factors. Currently available approaches to control VAD are ensuring adequate intakes of vitamin A in daily diets, fortification of foods consumed regularly particularly among the low-income communities and periodic administration of massive dose of vitamin A supported by public health interventions and reinforced by behaviour change communication. Under the National Programme in India, six monthly administration of mega dose of vitamin A to 6-59 month old children has been implemented since 1970, to prevent particularly blindness due to VAD and control hypovitaminosis A. Despite inadequate coverage and poor implementation of the programme, blindness due to VAD in children has almost disappeared, though subclinical VAD is still widely prevalent. Based on the results of meta-analysis of eight trials, which indicated that vitamin A supplementation to children aged 6-59 months reduced child mortality rates by about 23 per cent, the World Health Organization made a strong recommendation that in areas with VAD as a public health problem, vitamin A supplementation should be given to infants and children of 6-59 months of age as a public health intervention to reduce child morbidity and improve child survival. At present, in India, there is a need for change in policy with respect to the national programme to opt for targeted instead of universal distribution. However, NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog, which formulates policies and provides technical support to the Government of India, recommends strengthening of the National Programme for control of VAD through six monthly vitamin A supplementation along with health interventions. Eventually, the goal is to implement food based and horticulture-based interventions harmonizing with public health measures, food fortification and capacity building of functionaries for elimination of VAD.

Aproximações entre políticas públicas de lazer e megaeventos esportivos: um olhar a partir de pesquisadores brasileiros do lazer / Approaches between public policy and recreational sports mega-events: a view from brazilian researchers leisure

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre políticas públicas de lazer e os megaeventos esportivos sediados no Brasil a partir da ótica dos pesquisadores da área do lazer. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com quatro pesquisadores brasileiros com reconhecida produção científica na área do lazer. As análises foram realizadas a partir dos dados transcritos das entrevistas, que posteriormente, foram apresentadas e discutidas a luz do referencial teórico pertinente. As informações apontam para diversas preocupações dos entrevistados como a projeção do Brasil por meio do esporte de alto rendimento e alcance de medalhas; a supervalorização do esporte de alto rendimento em detrimento de outras práticas corporais; e, o enfoque dado ao financiamento às cidades sedes. Por fim, assinalaram que a recepção de um megaevento esportivo no país não garantiria, necessariamente, a criação ou implantação de políticas públicas de lazer, mas, vislumbravam o momento como propício para discussões acerca do assunto.

This article aims to analyze the relations between leisure public policies and sports mega events based in Brazil from the perspective of researchers in the leisure area. For that, interviews were conducted with four Brazilian researchers with recognized scientific production in the leisure area. The analyzes were carried out from the transcribed data of the interviews, which were later presented and discussed in the light of the relevant theoretical framework. The information points to several concerns of the interviewees such as the projection of Brazil through high-performance sport and medal achievement; the overvaluation of high-performance sport over other bodily practices; and, the focus on funding to host cities. Finally, they pointed out that the reception of a mega-sport event in the country would not necessarily guarantee the creation or implementation of public leisure policies, but they saw the moment as conducive to discussions on the subject.

Yield Adaptability and Stability of Grain Sorghum Genotypes across Different Environments in Egypt using AMMI and GGE-biplot Models

Presence of G×E interaction reduces the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic parameters and complicates progress of selection. Among several methods proposed for evaluation of the GE interaction, the AMMI and GGE-biplot are the most informative models. The objective of this study was to estimate the G×E interaction in sorghum parental lines and to identify sorghum B-lines of stability and adaptability across different environments using the AMMI and GGE-biplot models. Six environments with 25 sorghum B-lines were conducted at two locations in Egypt (Giza and Shandaweel) in two years and two planting dates in one location (Giza). A randomized complete block design was used in each environment (yield trial) with three replications. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that the genotype (G), environment (E) and GE interaction had significant influence (p≤0.01) on sorghum grain yield. Based on AMMI model, BTX TSC-20 followed by ICSB-1808 showed both high yielding and stability across the test environments. However, ICSB-8001 (G11) and BTX-407 (G21), showed maximum stability, but with moderate grain yield. Based on GGE-biplot method, BTX TSC-20 (G25) was the winning genotype for the mega-environment which consists of E1 and E3, ICSB-14 (G3) for the mega-environment (E2 and E4), while BTX 2-1 (G20) for E5 mega-environment, ICSB-88003 (G12) and ICSB-70 (G6) for the mega-environment E6. These genotypes are the most adapted to the respective environments.

Assessment of inter- and intra-fractional volume of bladder and body contour by mega-voltage computed tomography in helical tomotherapy for pelvic malignancy

PURPOSE: We describe the daily bladder volume change observed by mega-voltage computed tomography (MVCT) during pelvic radiotherapy with potential predictors of increased bladder volume variations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 41 patients who received pelvic area irradiation, the volumes of bladder and pelvic body contour were measured twice a day with pre- and post-irradiation MVCT from the 1st to the 10th fraction. The median prescription dose was 20 Gy (range, 18 to 30 Gy) up to a 10th fraction. The upper and lower margin of MVCT scanning was consistent during the daily treatments. The median age was 69 years (range, 33 to 86 years) and 10 patients (24.4%) were treated postoperatively. RESULTS: Overall bladder volume on planning computed tomography was 139.7 ± 92.8 mL. Generally, post-irradiation bladder volume (POSTBV) was larger than pre-irradiation bladder volume (PREBV) (p < 0.001). The mean PREBV and POSTBV was reduced after 10 fraction treatments by 21.3% (p = 0.028) and 25.4% (p = 0.007), respectively. The MVCT-scanned body contour volumes had a tendency to decrease as the treatment sessions progressed (p = 0.043 at the 8th fraction and p = 0.044 at the 10th fraction). There was a statistically significant correlation between bladder filling time and PREBV (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Daily MVCT-based bladder volume assessment was feasible both intra- and inter-fractionally.

Os megaeventos esportivos na agenda das políticas para a educação física escolar no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Sport's mega events in the policy agenda for school physical education in Rio de Janeiro state / Los mega eventos deportivos en la agenda de las políticas para la educación física escolar en Rio de Janeiro

O artigo tematiza os megaeventos esportivos sediados no Brasil durante as duas primeiras décadas do século XXI e discute a problemática da espetacularização. Tem como objetivo analisar os discursos da Secretaria de Estado de Esporte e Lazer do Rio de Janeiro (SEEL-RJ) que tangenciam esses megaeventos e verificar possíveis implicações para a dinâmica curricu-lar da Educação Física na Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ). As fontes utilizadas na pesquisa são publicações eletrônicas disponibilizadas no site da SEEL. Os dados indicam que os discursos da SEEL têm destacado o que seria uma demanda extraor-dinária para a Educação Física na SEEDUC. Essa demanda teria como objetivo a potenciali-zação de projetos que apontam para a formação de uma elite esportiva no estado.

The paper thematizes the sport's mega events held in Brazil during the first two decades of the twenty-first century and discusses the problematic of the spectacularization. It aims to analyze discourses of SEEL-RJ that tangent these mega events and identify possible implica-tions for curricular dynamics of Physical Education in SEEDUC-RJ. The sources used in the research are electronic publications available on the SEEL's site. The data indicate that the discourses of SEEL have highlighted what would be an extraordinary demand for the Physical Education on SEEDUC. This demand would aim to expand projects related to the formation of elite sports in the state.

El artículo tematiza los grandes eventos deportivos celebrados en Brasil durante las dos pri-meras décadas del siglo XXI y discute el problema de la espectacularización. Su objetivo es analizar los discursos de la Secretaría de Estado de Esporte e Lazer do Rio de Janeiro (SEEL-RJ) vinculadas a esos grandes eventos, así como verificar los posibles envolvimientos para la dinámica del currículo de la Educación Física en la Secretaría del Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ). Las fuentes utilizadas en la investigación son publicaciones electrónicas dis-ponibles en el sitio de la SEEL. Los datos indican que los discursos de la SEEL han destacado lo que sería una exigencia extraordinaria para la Educación Física en la SEEDUC. Esta exi-gencia tendría como objetivo el crecimiento de los proyectos que se direccionan a la estructu-ración de una élite deportiva en el estado.

Parcerias público-privadas (PPP) em megaeventos esportivos: um estudo comparativo da provisão de arenas esportivas para a Copa do Mundo Fifa Brasil 2014 / Asociaciones público-privadas (PPP) en megaeventos deportivos: un estudio comparativo en la provisión de los estadios deportivos para el Mundial Fifa Brasil 2014 / Public-private partnerships (PPP) in mega-sport events: a comparative study of the provision of sports arenas for the 2014 Fifa World Cup in Brazil

Resumo Em função do caráter recente de sua adoção, pouco se sabe ainda sobre o desempenho de projetos de parcerias público-privadas (PPP) e seus condicionantes. O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar o comportamento das PPP e suas variações contratuais na provisão de arenas esportivas para a Copa do Mundo Fifa Brasil 2014 numa perspectiva comparada às modalidades de provisão pública tradicional e estritamente privada. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, inserida numa perspectiva exploratória por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos. Os resultados sugerem que os projetos de PPP geraram value for money para a administração pública brasileira, sobretudo referente aos aspectos de prazo, custos, receitas diversificadas e processo licitatório em decorrência das estruturas de incentivos oriundas dos contratos de PPP e da própria flexibilidade gerencial inerente aos atores privados.

Resumen Debido al carácter reciente de su adopción, aún se conoce poco sobre lo desempeño de proyectos de Asociaciones Público-Privadas (PPP) y sus condiciones. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar el comportamiento de las PPP y sus variaciones contractuales en la provisión de los estadios deportivos para el Mundial Fifa Brasil 2014 bajo una perspectiva comparada a las modalidades de provisión pública tradicional y estrictamente privada. Para este propósito, se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, incluido en una perspectiva exploratoria a través del estudio de casos múltiples. Los resultados sugieren que los proyectos de PPP generan un valor agregado para la administración pública brasilera, principalmente con relación a plazos, costos, ingresos diversificados e proceso licitatorio como consecuencia de las estructuras de incentivos provenientes de los contratos de PPP y de la propia flexibilidad gerencial, inherentes a los actores privados.

Abstract Due to its recent adoption, little is known about the performance of public-private partnerships (PPP) and their determinants. The present study aims to investigate the behavior of PPP and their contractual variations in the provision of sports arenas for the 2014 Fifa World Cup in Brazil, using a comparative perspective on traditional public and private provision modes. The research adopts a qualitative approach with an exploratory perspective and multiple case studies. The results suggest that, for Brazilian public administration, PPP presented good value for money, especially in terms of the time schedule, costs, diversified revenues and bidding process as a result of incentive structures coming from PPP contracts and private partner flexibility.

As influências dos megaeventos esportivos na agenda e políticas esportivas: planejamento, arranjo institucional, ordenamento jurídico e financiamento / The influences of sports mega-events on the sports agenda and policies: planning, institutional arrangement, legal order and financing / Las influencias de los megaeventos deportivos en la agenda y políticas deportivas: planificación, arreglo institucional, ordenamiento jurídico y financiamiento

Este texto trata dos megaeventos esportivos, especificamente sobre as influências exercitadas referente à agenda e às políticas esportivas. Para tanto, realizou se uma revisão de literatura sobre megaeventos esportivos e política de esporte, bem como uma pesquisa documental, de abordagem qualitativa e de cunho exploratória. Percebeu-se que os megaeventos esportivos estão mais associados a questões mercantis de (re)estruturação de novos mercados, cidades e nichos econômicos do que questões de democratização do esporte. O que provocou mudanças no planejamento, no arranjo institucional e jurídico e no financiamento do esporte no Brasil.

This paper deals with the mega sports events, specifically on the influence exercise do in the agenda and sports policies. Therefore,a literature review of mega sports events and sport poli-cy was carried out, as well as documentary research, based on the qualitative approach with exploratory nature. It was noticed that the mega sports events are associated more with market issues of (re)structuring new markets, cities and economic niches, and less with sports democ-ratization issues. These issues caused changes in planning, institutional and legal arrange-ments and in sport funding in Brazil.

Este trabajo se ocupa de los grandes eventos deportivos, específicamente sobre la influencia ejercida referente a las políticas deportivas. Para lograr ese objetivo, se hizo una revisión de la literatura de grandes eventos deportivos y de la política deportiva. También se llevó a cabo una investigación documental, de enfoque cualitativo y de naturaleza exploratoria. Se observó que los grandes eventos deportivos se asocian más con cuestiones de merca-do(re)estructuración de nuevos mercados, ciudades y nichos económicos, que con cuestiones de democratización del deporte. Lo que causó cambios en la planificación, en los arreglos institucionales y legal es y en la financiación del deporte en Brasil.

Mega Acer Kit® is more effective for warming the intravenous fluid than Ranger™ and ThermoSens® at 440 ml/h of infusion rate: an experimental performance study / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of intravenous fluid warmers at low and moderate flow rates below 1,000 ml/h. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three different fluid warmers at a low flow rate (440 ml/h). METHODS: We experimentally investigated the fluid warming performances of Mega Acer Kit® (Group M, n = 10), Ranger™ (Group R, n = 10), and ThermoSens® (Group T, n = 10) at 440 ml/h for 60 min. All devices were set at a warming temperature of 41℃ with preheating for 10 min. Intravenous fluids were then delivered through them. The fluid temperature (primary endpoint) was measured at 76 cm from the device after infusion for 60 min. The expected decrease in mean body temperature (secondary endpoint) after 5 h infusion for a 70 kg patient (ΔMBT5) was also calculated. RESULTS: The fluid temperature (mean [95% CI]) at 76 cm from the device, 60 minutes after the infusion was higher in group M (36.01 [35.73–36.29]℃), compared to groups T (29.81 [29.38–30.24]℃) and R (29.12 [28.52–29.72]℃) (P < 0.001). The ΔMBT5 (mean [95% CI]) was significantly smaller in group M (−0.04 [−0.04 to −0.03]℃) than that in groups T (−0.27 [−0.28 to −0.29]℃; P < 0.001) and R (−0.30 [−0.32 to −0.27]℃; P < 0.001). However, none of the fluid warmers provided a constant normothermic temperature above 36.5℃. CONCLUSIONS: Mega Acer Kit® was more effective in warming the intravenous fluid with the smallest expected change in the mean body temperature, compared to Ranger™ and ThermoSens®, at a flow rate of 440 ml/h.

Endoprosthetic Reconstruction of distal Humerus following Resection of distal Humeral Giant Cell Tumours in Six Patients in Rural India

Giant cell tumour is a commonly occurring benign bone tumour in the Indian population. The common sites of involvement in descending order of frequency are distal femur, proximal tibia, distal radius and proximal humerus. The less commonly occurring sites are distal humerus, pelvis and proximal femur. We present six cases of giant cell tumour involving the distal humerus in rural India. After obtaining a tissue diagnosis by Trucut biopsy and classifying using Enneking's classification, we proceeded to perform wide resection followed by endoprosthetic reconstruction using custom mega prosthesis. We present here six patients (M: F: 2: 4) who were managed by us between 2008-2014. They presented to us with pain around the elbow and restriction in range of movements. They were each noted radiographically to have a lytic lesion involving the distal humerus with the likely diagnosis of giant cell tumour. Closed biopsy was done in all of them to obtain a definitive diagnosis. All patients underwent wide resection and reconstruction using distal humerus custom prosthesis. All patients were followed up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks and thereafter six monthly until the last review. They were assessed using the DASH scoring system. All patients were well with no evidence of recurrence with good to fair functional outcome. We conclude that careful pre-operative planning with meticulous soft tissue dissection and good implant metallurgy and design, these tumours can be treated with good long term functional results.

Tragédias brasileiras contemporâneas: o caso do rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão/Samarco / Contemporary Brazilian tragedies: the case of Fundão/Samarco tailings dam collapse

Resumo Introdução: o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão, da empresa Samarco, ocorrido em 2015, em Minas Gerais, é considerado uma das grandes e graves tragédias socioambientais do Brasil. Objetivo: discutir o episódio do rompimento da barragem, seus danos e repercussões sobre os trabalhadores e a população atingida, assim como o papel do Estado na defesa dos interesses dessas populações. Método: ensaio baseado em relatórios elaborados por órgãos oficiais, grupos acadêmicos e movimentos sociais e em notícias veiculadas pela imprensa. Discussão: os documentos indicam incapacidade do Estado para exercer seu papel como agente controlador e fiscalizador de maneira efetiva e revelam a vulnerabilidade da população atingida, esmagada por um modelo de desenvolvimento que fragiliza a organização coletiva, a representatividade social e a capacidade política de fazer valer seus direitos. As apurações sobre as responsabilidades, as ações de indenização e as medidas de recuperação dos danos socioambientais, ocupacionais e sanitários poderão não atender de forma justa e satisfatória os interesses coletivos dos trabalhadores e seus familiares, assim como de toda a população atingida, apontando para a necessidade de um amplo processo de mobilização social para recuperar a dignidade e os direitos violados por essa grave tragédia.

Abstract Introduction: the Fundão/Samarco tailings dam collapse, which took place in Minas Gerais in 2015, is considered one of the worst Brazilian socio-environmental tragedies. Objective: to discuss the dam collapse, its damage and repercussions on the affected workers and population, as well as the role of the State in defending the interests of these populations. Method: this article is based on reports by official organizations, academic groups and social movements, in addition to media news. Discussion: the documents indicate the State's inability in effectively exercising its role as controller and inspector. They reveal the vulnerability of the affected population that is crushed by a development model that weakens their collective organization, social representation, and political capacity to claim for rights. The investigation on the responsibilities, indemnity actions, and measures for recovering environmental, occupational, and sanitary damages may not fairly and satisfactorily meet the collective interests of workers and their families, as well as those of the entire affected population. This situation points out to the need for a broad social mobilization process aimed at recovering the dignity and rights which were violated by this severe tragedy.

Low-quality scientific evidence for the continuation of universal Vitamin A supplementation among under 5 children in India.

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is presently being undertaken in India among under 5 (U5) children for two possible benefits (i) to prevent nutritional blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and (ii) to reduce U5 mortality. The existing scientific evidence suggests that nutritional blindness due to VAD has been virtually eliminated and also the difference between U5 mortality rate and infant mortality rate is very low for VAS to have any meaningful impact. On the contrary, scientific evidence indicates that there could be side effects of the administration of mega dose of Vitamin A (MDVA). These side effects of MDVA have not been systematically investigated. The universal VAS should be discontinued immediately as there are no likely benefits to U5 children.

A "Chacina do Pan" e a produção de vidas descartáveis / "Slaughter Pan" and production of disposable lives

Resumo Nosso artigo tem por alvo colocar em análise a tríade: segurança pública - mídia - produção de subjetividades na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no primeiro semestre do ano de 2007. Para tanto, tomamos como analisador a "Chacina do Pan" ocorrida no Complexo do Alemão para discutirmos: a) a produção de vidas descartáveis b) a cobertura da midiática; c) a produção de subjetividades amedrontadas. Utilizamos como ferramenta a obra de autores como Foucault, Agamben e Bauman. No momento em que o Rio de Janeiro receberá eventos como a Copa do Mundo de Futebol (2014) e as Olimpíadas (2016), torna-se imprescindível a análise do atual contexto carioca. Concluímos que a "Chacina do Pan" foi o efeito de uma conjugação de forças que, aproveitando-se da realização do megaevento esportivo na cidade, intensificou os processos repressivos e exterminadores sobre os segmentos mais pobres da população. Extermínio para garantir a "paz" e a segurança da cidade.(AU)

Abstract Our article is targeted as an analysis of drug safety public - media - production of subjectivities in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the first half of 2007. Therefore, we take as the analyzer "Slaughter Pan" took place in the Complexo do Alemão to discuss: a) the production of disposable lives b) the coverage of the media, c) the production of subjectivities frightened. Used as a tool to work of authors such as Foucault, Agamben and Bauman. The moment that Rio de Janeiro will receive events such as the FIFA World Cup (2014) and the Olympics (2016), it is essential to analyze the current context of Rio. We conclude that the "Slaughter Pan" was the effect of a combination of forces, taking advantage of the completion of mega sports events in the city, intensified repressive processes and exterminators on the poorest segments of the population. Extermination to ensure "peace" and security of the city.(AU)