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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 21(1): e20190925, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153212

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Honey produced by native stingless bees in the Araucaria Forest region of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, specifically the municipality of Cambará do Sul, is highly valued for its characteristic white color, floral odor and taste. In this study, we investigated the botanical origin of white honey stored in colonies of five Meliponini species of the genera Melipona (n = 3) and Plebeia (n = 2). During the production period of white honey, from January to March, flowers were sampled fortnightly along pre-established trails to identify plants used by bees. For all sampled plant species, exsiccates and pollen reference slides were prepared. Honey samples from stingless bees were processed for extraction and preparation of pollen grains for identification of pollen types. In all analyzed honey samples, pollen grains of Clethra scabra (Clethraceae) were predominant (between 46-94%). Pollen grains from other botanical families, including Myrtaceae, Fabaceae and Melastomataceae were frequently identified in honey samples of the Melipona species, while Cunoniaceae was also found in samples of Plebeia species. In this study, we concluded that Clethra scabra is predominantly used by Meliponini bees in the production of white honey in the municipality of Cambará do Sul.


Resumo: Na região da Floresta de Araucária do Rio Grande do Sul, especificamente no município de Cambará do Sul, as abelhas nativas sem ferrão produzem mel característico devido à sua cor branca e gosto apreciado. Neste estudo, investigamos a origem botânica do mel branco armazenado em colônias de cinco espécies de Meliponini dos gêneros Melipona (n = 3) e Plebeia (n = 2). Durante o período de produção do mel branco, de janeiro a março, as flores foram amostradas quinzenalmente ao longo de trilhas pré-estabelecidas, a fim de identificar as espécies utilizadas pelas abelhas. A partir de amostras de plantas foram preparadas exsicatas e lâminas de referência de pólen. As amostras de mel de abelhas sem ferrão foram processadas para extração e preparo dos grãos de pólen para a determinação dos tipos polínicos presentes. Em todas as amostras de méis branco analisadas os grãos de pólen de Clethra scabra (Clethraceae) predominaram (entre 46-94%). Grãos de pólen de outras espécies das famílias botânicas Myrtaceae, Fabaceae e Melastomataceae foram frequentemente identificados nas amostras de méis das espécies de Melipona, enquanto Cunoniaceae também o foi nas amostras das espécies de Plebeia. Neste estudo, nós concluímos que Clethra scabra é predominantemente utilizada pelas abelhas Meliponini na produção de méis branco no município de Cambará do Sul.

2.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 64(2): e20200006, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137739

ABSTRACT

Abstract The introduction of species is an important global threat to native ecosystems and yet little is known about invasion risks of non-native bees. Moreover, urbanization is increasing rapidly around the world with impact on the bee fauna. The city of Curitiba (Brazil) could be considered a model system for studies under this scope, with historical samplings and monitoring programs since the 1940s. This paper aims to quantify the current ecological impact of the non-native bee species present in Curitiba by using an integrative measure of impact and to define their current population status by classifying them into a unified framework for biological invasions. Ten sites were actively sampled in the metropolitan area of Curitiba during ten months. In addition to Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, we found two others non-native species, Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811. None of them changed the native bee community structure, but they got different values of impact due to their ranges and abundances. While the honeybee is a known invasive species, A. manicatum was also considered invasive and has persisted in the city since the 1940s, interacting with the non-native plant Leonurus japonicus Houtt. M. scutellaris, a cultivated stingless bee species, had its first record for the city and fits the casual non-native category. We suggest monitoring the non-native bee species and actions centered on beekeepers to avoid future illegal introductions. The honey production or hobby interest on stingless bees can offer additional obstacles for species conservation when decoupled of scientific knowledge.

3.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(12): e20190697, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133234

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Meliponiculture and associated honey production are activities with a great potential for general use and commercialization in the Peruvian Amazon. Lack of management techniques and limited knowledge of honey quality are two factors which may hinder the implementation of meliponiculture. The present study was conducted in three communities in the Peruvian Amazon where the production and physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honey from Melipona eburnea were evaluated at 90 days following transfer from natural to rational hives. Honey from M. eburnea was also compared with the 90-day-old honey from Melipona grandis, Melipona illota, and Melipona titania. In addition, 180-day-old honey from M. eburnea was sampled and compared with the younger 90-day-old honey. The production of honey varied from 900 to 1400 mL/colony/3 months for M. eburnea. When moisture and total sugars among the different species of Melipona were compared, no significant differences were observed. Neither were there significant differences between the M. eburnea honey at 90 and 180 days of maturation. Microbiological analyses for both treatments had values <0.3/g most probable number (MPN) of coliforms and organisms of fecal origin. Stingless bee honey can therefore be harvested after 3 months, by which time its physicochemical characteristics are stable and it is microbiologically suitable for human consumption.


RESUMO: A meliponicultura e a produção associada de mel é uma atividade com grande potencial de uso e comercialização na Amazônia peruana, contudo, as poucas técnicas de manejo e o pouco conhecimento da qualidade do mel oferecido limitam seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo foi realizado em três comunidades da Amazônia peruana, onde a produção e as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do mel de Melipona eburnea foram avaliadas 90 dias após a instalação em colmeias racionais. O mel de M. eburnea também foi comparado ao mel de 90 dias de M. grandis, M. illota e M. titania. Além disso, o mel de M. eburnea foi amostrado aos 180 dias. A produção de mel variou de 900 a 1400 ml/colônia/três meses para M. eburnea. Quando a umidade e os açúcares totais foram comparados entre as diferentes espécies, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para o mel de M. eburnea aos 90 e 180 dias de maturação. As análises microbiológicas para os dois tratamentos apresentaram valores <0,3 / g MPN (número mais provável) de coliformes e organismos de origem fecal. O mel de abelha sem ferrão pode, portanto, ser colhido após três meses, pois mantém suas características físico-químicas e é microbiologicamente adequado para consumo humano.

4.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 42: e48714, fev. 2020. tab, map, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460919

ABSTRACT

Meliponinae eusocial bees are among the most important pollinators in the Neotropics and their beekeeping has been growing as both recreational and economic activity. Information on the pollen preferences and niche overlap among species coexisting in the same location is still scarce. This study focused on the use of pollen resources by three native species of Meliponinae in the Atlantic Forest, Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata (Lepeletier 1836), Scaptotrigona depilis (Moure 1942), and Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille 1811), at two different sites. The use of pollen resources was evaluated from reserves inside hives collected monthly between February 2015 and January 2016. It was also estimated the Mean Minimal Distance (Dm) traveled by the bees to obtain pollen. The bees differed regarding the diversity of pollen types, Dm, and proportion of pollen from different plant life-form. Local factor promoted differences only for Dm. M. q. quadrifasciata foraged a low diversity of pollen species and traveled greater distances with a higher proportion of trees plus palm species. Tetragonisca angustula foraged a higher diversity of pollen and flew shorter distances with a lower proportion of trees and palms. The species factor predominates over the local factor in the clustering pattern, based on pollen profile similarity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/anatomy & histology , Pollen/anatomy & histology , Pollen/cytology
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(3): 819-826, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753932

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar componentes de variância genética aditiva, fenotípica e residual e a herdabilidade para características relacionadas com a produção de mel e com a estrutura do ninho de abelhas Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. Sessenta colônias de diferentes regiões da Bahia foram transladadas para caixas padronizadas modelo INPA e divididas, originando as gerações parentais G1 e G2. Foram medidas as características: estimativa da produção de mel; número, largura, volume e altura dos potes de mel; número, altura e diâmetro dos potes de pólen; peso; número, largura e diâmetro dos discos de cria e estimativa da população da colônia. As medidas foram corrigidas para o efeito fixo de mês de mensuração. Os componentes de variância e herdabilidade foram estimados por meio do método de semelhança entre parentes, utilizando-se abordagem Bayesiana. As médias e os desvios padrão variaram de 2,01±0,70cm para diâmetro de potes de pólen a 2.333,0±384,1kg para o peso das caixas. Houve indicação de convergência para todas as cadeias obtidas. As estimativas de variância genética aditiva variaram de 0,02cm para as características largura dos potes de mel a 38.587,72kg para o peso. Para as estimativas de variâncias fenotípicas, os valores variaram de 0,05 para a altura dos potes de pólen a 95.136,43kg para o peso; e para as variâncias residuais, os valores encontrados variaram de 0,02 para a variável largura dos potes de mel a 56.548,71kg para o peso. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,35 a 0,53. Os resultados demonstraram que as características avaliadas possuem variação genética aditiva que garante boa resposta à seleção.


The aim of this study was to estimate components of genetic variance, phenotypic and residual and heritability for traits related to the production of honey and the nest structure of bee Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. Sixty colonies from different regions of Bahia were transferred to standard INPA model boxes and divided, creating the parental generations G1 and G2. The following characteristics were measured: estimated production of honey, number, width, height and volume of the honey pots, number, height and diameter of pollen storage pots, weight, number, length and diameter of the brood combs and estimate the population of the colony. The measurements were corrected for the fixed effects of month of measurement. The variance components and heritability were estimated by the method of similarity between relatives using the Bayesian approach. The mean and standard deviations ranged from 2.01±0.70cm diameter pots for pollen to 2333.0±384.1kg to the weight of the boxes. There was indication of convergence for all the chains obtained. Estimates of the additive genetic variance ranged from 0.02cm to the width characteristics of honey pots to 38587.72kg for weight. For the estimates of phenotypic variance the values ranged from 0.05 for the height of the pollen pots to 95136.43kg for weight; and the residual variance the values varied from 0.02 for the variable width of the honey pots to 56548.71kg for weight. The results showed that the characteristics assessed have additive genetic variation that ensures good response to selection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/genetics , Heredity/genetics , Analysis of Variance , Bayes Theorem , Honey/analysis , Genetic Enhancement/methods , Phenotype
6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467993

ABSTRACT

A abelha Oxytrigona tataira, vulgarmente conhecida por "tataíra" ou "caga-fogo", é uma espécie de ampla distribuição no Brasil, conhecida pela sua grande defensividade que acaba por dificultar a sua inclusão em projetos de meliponicultura. Este fato reflete diretamente na falta de interesse pela sua conservação nos ecossistemas bem como na escassez de estudos voltados a aspectos intrínsecos de sua biologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a arquitetura de ninho de O. tataira, além de fornecer informações adicionais relacionadas ao seu comportamento. Informações referentes à entrada da colônia; área de cria; número, dimensões e arranjo dos favos; dimensões de realeiras e células de cria; altura de pilares; área de alimento; dimensões e volume dos potes de mel; dimensões dos potes de pólen; peso da massa de pólen armazenada nos potes; determinação da umidade do mel; e estimativa da população desta espécie são apresentadas.


The Oxytrigona tataira stingless bee, commonly known as "tataíra" or "caga-fogo" bee, is a widely distributed species in Brazil. It is known by its great defensive behavior that makes difficult its inclusion in stingless bee beekeeping projects. This fact reflects directly in the lack of interest for its conservation in the ecosystems, as well as in the shortage of studies regarding intrinsic biological aspects to this species. The aim of this work was to describe O. tataira nest architecture, besides supplying additional information related to its behavior. Information regarding the colony entrance; brood area; number, dimensions and arrangement of the combs; royal and worker rearing cells dimensions; pillars height; food area; dimensions and volume of the honey storage pots; dimensions of pollen storage pots; weight of the stored pollen mass; determination of honey humidity; and population estimation are presented.


Subject(s)
Bees/anatomy & histology , Bees/classification , Bees/growth & development , Behavior/classification , Ecosystem , Honey/analysis , Production of Products
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 66(2)2006.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467856

ABSTRACT

Many stingless bee species are specific to their areas of occurrence. Even when adapted to their local climate and flora conditions, they are subject to modifications in the environment, directly influencing flight activity. The aim of this work is to obtain information about the flight activity of the stingless bee Melipona asilvai Moure, thus contributing to the knowledge of this species. The flow of bees entering and leaving the colony was evaluated, and the type of transported material was identified. This information was correlated with climatic data collected at the time of observations, performed between June 2002 and March 2003. It can be proved that temperature was the factor with the greatest influence on the external activity of this species, showing a significant positive correlation with the entry of bees into the colony and pollen collection. Mud collecting showed a significant positive correlation with a humidity increase. Flight activity began at a temperature of 21.0 °C and humidity of 84.5%, peaking at 27.4 °C and 60.6% RH, respectively.


Muitas espécies de meliponíneos são específicas de suas regiões de ocorrência. Mesmo sendo adaptadas às condições locais de clima e flora, estão sujeitas às modificações do ambiente externo, influenciando diretamente a sua atividade de vôo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a atividade de vôo de Melipona asilvai Moure, contribuindo para o conhecimento desta espécie. Foi avaliado o fluxo de abelhas, entrando e saindo da colônia, e a identificação do tipo de material transportado. Estas informações foram correlacionadas com dados climáticos coletados no momento das observações, realizadas entre junho de 2002 e março de 2003. A temperatura foi o fator de maior influência sobre a atividade de vôo desta espécie, apresentando correlação positiva significativa com a entrada de abelhas na colônia e com a coleta de pólen. A coleta de barro apresentou correlação positiva significativa com o aumento da umidade. A atividade de vôo foi iniciada à temperatura de 21,0 °C e umidade de 84,5%, apresentando pico com 27,4 °C e 60,6%, respectivamente.

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