Plasma rico en plaquetas, regenerador en alteraciones corneales / Platelet-rich plasma, regenerative in corneal disorders

En los últimos años, múltiples investigaciones han mostrado la participación de los factores de crecimiento en la regeneración de diferentes tejidos, lo que ha llevado a la utilización de los derivados hemáticos. Se considera este tratamiento una herramienta viable y efectiva para favorecer la epitelización en enfermedades de la superficie ocular. Es necesario encontrar una terapia eficaz en las alteraciones de la superficie ocular rebeldes a tratamientos convencionales. El objetivo del estudio es demostrar que la terapia celular es una novedosa disciplina científica a aplicar en nuestro medio. Se presentan tres casos atendidos en el servicio de córnea del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" con enfermedades de la superficie ocular. Caso clínico 1, paciente con úlcera corneal bacteriana grave que evolucionó a adelgazamiento en los 360°. Caso clínico 2, paciente con diagnóstico de melting corneal post de displasia conjuntival. Caso clínico 3, paciente con defecto epitelial post úlcera corneal. En los tres casos, se indicó plasma rico en plaquetas como único tratamiento, con una duración variable según respuesta al tratamiento. En todos los casos se logró regeneración epitelial en menor tiempo y rápida mejoría de las manifestaciones clínicas. No presentaron complicaciones, los pacientes mejoraron la agudeza visual tras lograr la cicatrización corneal. Es una terapia eficaz y de fácil obtención. Tiene impacto en la calidad de vida del paciente, con rápida reincorporación laboral y social, por lo que reduce los gastos sociales y económicos por tiempo de enfermedad y recuperación(AU)

In recent years, multiple investigations have shown the participation of growth factors in the regeneration of different tissues, which has led to the use of hematic derivatives. This treatment is considered a viable and effective tool to promote epithelialization in diseases of the ocular surface. It is necessary to find an effective therapy in alterations of the ocular surface that are resistant to conventional treatments, the objective of the study being to show cell therapy as a novel scientific discipline to be applied in our environment. Three cases treated in the cornea service of the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer" with diseases of the ocular surface are presented. Clinical case 1, patient with severe bacterial corneal ulcer that progressed to 360° thinning. Clinical case 2, patient diagnosed with corneal melting after conjunctival dysplasia and clinical case 3, patient with epithelial defect post corneal ulcer. In all three cases, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was indicated as the only treatment, with a variable duration depending on the response to treatment. In all cases, the following was achieved: epithelial regeneration in less time and rapid improvement of clinical manifestations, no complications, patients improved visual acuity at the end of achieving corneal healing. Is an effective and easily obtained therapy. It has an impact on the patient's quality of life, with rapid work and social reintegration, thus reducing social and economic expenses due to illness and recovery time(AU)

Evaluation of EDM inclusion into the conventional polishing of printed Co-Cr alloy by selective laser melting / Avaliação da inclusão de EDM no polimento convencional da liga de Co-Cr impressa por fusão seletiva a laser

Objective: The selective laser melting (SLM) technique used in manufacturing results in a rougher surface that requires more satisfying processing than conventional hand-finishing operations. The electro discharge machine (EDM) has various possibilities in the adjustment of surfaces. The present study assesses whether the participation of the EDM technique with the conventional finishing and polishing methods enables surface improvement for the Cobalt-Chromium alloy fabricated by SLM. Material and Methods: Twenty discs of cobalt chromium alloy were fabricated by SLM, divided equally into two groups: (TF) control group for finishing and polishing in the conventional method in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations; and (EF) group for conducting polishing incorporating the EDM method. Results: The EF group recorded the lowest mean value of surface roughness and the highest mean value of micro hardness compared to the TF group. Furthermore, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for surface roughness as well as micro hardness. Conclusion: Reliance of the electric discharge machine proactively within finishing and polishing procedures promotes competence in the conventional polishing method and improves the surface properties of cobalt chromium alloy printed by SLM technology (AU)

Objetivo: A técnica de fusão a laser seletiva (SLM) usada na fabricação resulta em uma superfície mais rugosa a qual requer um processamento mais satisfatório do que o acabamento manual. A máquina de eletro descarga (EDM) possui várias possibilidades no ajuste de superfícies. O presente estudo avalia se a participação da técnica EDM associada aos métodos convencionais de acabamento e polimento possibilita a melhora da superfície da liga Cobalto-Cromo fabricada através da SLM. Material e Métodos: Vinte discos de liga de cromo-cobalto foram confeccionados por SLM, e divididos igualmente em dois grupos: (TF) grupo controle, realizado acabamento e polimento pelo método convencional de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante; e (EF) grupo do polimento associado ao método EDM. Resultados: O grupo EF registrou o menor valor médio de rugosidade superficial e o maior valor médio de microdureza em relação ao grupo TF. Além disso, diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P < 0,05) foram encontradas para rugosidade superficial, assim como para a microdureza. Conclusão: A confiança na máquina de descarga elétrica proativamente nos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento promove a competência no método de polimento convencional e melhora as propriedades de superfície da liga de cromo-cobalto impressa pela tecnologia SLM(AU)

The diagnostic values of multicolor melting curve analysis on drug resistance to 5 anti-tuberculosis drugs / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To explore and analyze the diagnostic value of multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) for the resistance of five anti-tuberculosis drugs, so as to clarify the clinical value of MMCA in detecting drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods From April 2021 to May 2022, 200 patients with positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province were selected as research objects, and sputum specimens were taken from the patients. Traditional Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug sensitivity test (modified Löwenstein-Jensen medium method) and MMCA analysis were respectively given to detect the resistance of five anti-tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, rifampicin and isoniazid, respectively. Those samples with inconsistent results between the two diagnosis methods were subjected to gene sequencing verification, and the diagnosis efficiency of MMCA for the five anti-tuberculosis drugs was compared. Results Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug sensitivity as the gold standard for drug resistance diagnosis, the sensitivity of MMCA for detecting drug resistance of rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, isoniazid and levofloxacin were 95.83% (46/48), 93.75% (15/16), 100.00% (15/15), 100.00% (20/20) and 70.00% (7/10), respectively, with statistical differences between groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of MMCA for the five anti-tuberculosis drugs (P>0.05). For the 8 samples with inconsistent results between MMCA and modified Löwenstein-Jensen medium method, gene sequencing was performed and compared with the results of gene sequencing. After comparison with gene sequencing results, it was found that the coincidence rate of MMCA and gene sequencing results was 75.00% (6/8). Conclusions In the detection of drug-resistant mutations in TB patients, multi-color probe fusion curve analysis has high diagnostic efficacy for first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, but is not sensitive to second-line anti-tuberculosis drug levofloxacin. Therefore, for the detection of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, MMCA has a good clinical application prospect.

Bond strength of different orthodontic brackets produced with different materials and fabrication methods / Resistência de união de bráquetes ortodônticos produzidos com diferentes materiais e métodos de fabricação

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of material and processing methods on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Five types of brackets were tested: Conventional metallic (CM), metallic sandblasted (SB), ceramic (C), polycarbonate (PC), and metallic fabricated by melting injection molding (MIM). Shear bond strength (SBS) was conducted to check bond strength of the brackets bonded to bovine teeth (n=10/group), and tensile bond strength (TBS) (20 brackets/group) to check bracket retention to bonding material (n=20/group). Both, SBS and TBS were conducted with 1mm/min crosshead speed in a universal testing machine. Bond strength was calculated in Megapascal (MPa) based on force (N) and bracket area (mm 2). Data normality was verified, and One-way ANOVA was the statistical test with Tukey post-hoc (α=0.05). Results: SB and MIM presented higher SBS compared to C, PC, and CM (p<0.05). SB and MIM also presented significantly higher TBS compared to CM and PC (p<0.05). However, MIM was not different of C for TBS. Conclusion: The type of material and method of fabrication are determinant factors that affect bond strength of orthodontic brackets and melting injection molding (MIM) is a remarkable technology to improve brackets retention during the orthodontic treatment. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos materiais e métodos de processamento na resistência de união de bráquetes ortodônticos. Material e Métodos: Cinco tipos de bráquetes foram testados: Convencionais metálicos (CM), metálicos jateados (SB), cerâmico (C), policarbonato (PC), e metálico fabricado por injeção de metal fundido em molde (MIM). A resistência de união ao cisalhamento (SBS) foi conduzida para verificar a resistência de união dos bráquetes aderidos a dentes bonivos (n=10/grupo) e a resistência à tração (TBS) (20 bráquetes/grupo) para verificar a retenção do bráquete ao material adesivo (n=20/grupo). SBS e TBS foram conduzidas com relação carga/velocidade de 1mm/min em uma máquina de ensaios universal. A resistência de união foi calculada em Megapascal (MPa) com base na força (N) pela área do bráquete (mm 2). A normalidade dos dados e a estatística foi realizada utilizando One-way ANOVA e Tukey post-hoc (α=0.05). SB e MIM apresentaram os maiores valores de SBS comparados com C, PC e CM (p<0.05). Resultados: SB e MIM também apresentaram valores significativamente maiores de TBS comparados com CM e PC (p<0.05). Contudo, os valores de TBS para o grupo MIM não foram significativamente diferentes de C. Conclusão: O tipo de material e o método de fabricação são fatores determinantes que afetam a resistência de união de bráquetes ortodônticos e a injeção de metal fundido em molde (MIM) é uma tecnologia relevante para melhorar a retenção dos bráquetes durante o tratamento ortodôntico. (AU)

Analysis of Salivary Bacterial Community by Direct PCR and High Resolution Melting Curve and Its Forensic Applications / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a rapid test for salivary bacterial community based on direct PCR (dPCR) and high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis, to evaluate its application value in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#The salivary bacteria were collected by centrifugation and then resuspended in Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer, and directly used as the template for amplification and HRM curve analysis (dPCR-HRM) of the 16S rDNA V4 region. The genotype confidence percentage (GCP) of the HRM profiles compared with the reference profile was calculated. The template DNA was extracted by traditional kit and then PCR-HRM (namely kPCR-HRM) was used as reference to validate the feasibility of dPCR-HRM. The gradient dilution templates, population samples and simulated salivary stains were analyzed by dPCR-HRM to evaluate its sensitivity, typing ability and adaptability.@*RESULTS@#Using dPCR-HRM method, the HRM profiles of salivary bacterial community were obtained within 90 minutes. The GCP between dPCR-HRM and kPCR-HRM was greater than 95.85%. For general individuals, the HRM type of bacterial community could be determined with 0.29 nL saliva by dPCR-HRM. The 61 saliva samples could be divided into 10 types. The typing of salivary stains deposited within 8 h was the same as those of fresh saliva (GCP>90.83%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#dPCR-HRM technology can be used for rapid typing of salivary bacterial community, and has the advantage of low cost and simple operation.

The establishment of a high-resolution melting curve genotyping method for ABCG2*376T allele of Jr(a-) and its distribution frequency study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a high-throughput detection method for ABCG2*376T allele of Jr(a-), and apply it to the study of the frequency of this allele in the Chinese population. 【Methods】 The specific primers were designed and synthesized, the sample carrying homozygous ABCG2*376T alleles, obtained in the previous study, was used as the homozygous positive control, and the sample carrying heterozygous allele as the heterozygous positive control. The wild-type sample was used as a negative control, and a high-resolution melting curve(HRM) method for detecting this allele was established. The established method was used to screen DNA samples from blood donors in Guangzhou, and the samples carrying ABCG2*376T alleles were sequenced to confirm the accuracy of the HRM method. 【Results】 A HRM method, which can detect ABCG2*376T allele and accurately type homozygotes and heterozygotes at the same time, had been established successfully. Fifteen individuals with heterozygous alleles were screened out of 1 560 blood donors in Guangzhou, while none homozygous allele was detected. 【Conclusion】 The HRM method can be used to accurately screen and type ABCG2*376T allele. The frequency of this allele in Chinese population is about 0.48%(15/3120).

The clinical value of fluorescence quantitative assay and G6PD/6PGD ratio method in the diagnosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and gene mutation / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of fluorescence quantitative method and G6PD/6PGD ratio method in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and the type of gene mutation.Methods:A total of 1 201 patients (711 males and 490 females) with suspected G6PD deficiency in Shanghai Children′s Hospital were collected from June 2018 to March 2021. Fluorescence quantification method, G6PD/6PGD ratio method and multicolor melting curve were used to detects enzyme activity, ratio and gene mutation type. Comparison of each index and evaluation of its diagnostic efficiency were performed.Results:Among 1 201 suspicious samples, 163 cases (135 males and 28 females) were finally diagnosed. 156 cases were diagnosed by fluorescence quantitative method with a detection rate of 95.71%, and 140 cases were diagnosed by G6PD/6PGD ratio method with a detection rate of 85.89%. enzymatic activity of G6PD and ratio of G6PD/6PGD in male were significantly lower than female, and the differences were statistically significant ( U=642.5, 734.5, P<0.001). 112 cases received G6PD gene mutation detection and 92 cases were diagnosed, 74 were hemizygous mutations, 1 were homozygous mutations, 15 were heterozygous mutations, and 2 were compound heterozygous mutations. Among 15 cases of heterozygous mutations, 11 cases were diagnosed by fluorescence quantitative method, the diagnosed rate was 73.33%, 4 cases were diagnosed by G6PD/6PGD ratio method, and the diagnosed rate was 26.67%. A total of 7 mutation sites were detected and the proportions were c.1388G>A (32.22%), c.1376G>T (30.00%), c.871G>A (13.33%), c.1024C>T (11.11%). c.95A>G (7.78%), c.487G>A (4.44%), c.392G>T (1.11%). The enzymatic activities of c.1376G>T and c.1024C>T, c.487G>A were statistically significant ( P<0.001,0.015); the G6PD/6PGD ratios of c.1024C>T and c.1388G>A, c.1376G>T were statistically significant ( P=0.017,0.002,0.011,0.013). Fluorescence quantitative method had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 95.65%, and the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.972. The sensitivity of the G6PD/6PGD ratio method was 100%, the specificity was 94.57%, and the AUC was 0.979. The sensitivity of fluorescence quantitative method combined with G6PD/6PGD ratio was 96.7%, the specificity was 100%, and the AUC was 0.992. Conclusions:Compared with fluorescence quantification, the G6PD/6PGD ratio method might not be able to diagnose female heterozygotes effectively; The panel of G6PD fluorescence quantification and G6PD/6PGD ratio was helpful to reduce the missed diagnosis. Combined with gene mutation analysis, it could improve the diagnosis rate of G6PD deficiency in the children.

Finite element analyses of retention of removable partial denture circumferential clasps manufactured by selective laser melting / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the retentions of different designs of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), pure titanium (CP Ti), and titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) removable partial denture (RPD) circumferential clasps manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and to analyze the stress distribution of these clasps during the removal from abutment teeth.@*METHODS@#Clasps with clasp arm size A (1.9 mm width/1.1 mm thickness at the body and 0.8-taper) or B (1.2 times A) and 0.25 mm or 0.50 mm undercut engagement were modeled on a prepared first premolar die, named as designs A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively. The density and elastic modulus of SLM-built Co-Cr, CP Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V were measured and given to different groups of clasps. The density, elastic modulus, and Poisson ' s ratio of enamel were given to the die. The control group was the cast Co-Cr clasp with design A1, to which the density and elastic modulus of cast Co-Cr alloy were given. The Poisson's ratio of all metals was 0.33. The initial 5 N dislodging force was applied, and the maximum displacement of the clasp along the insertion path was computed. The load was reapplied with an increment of 5 N than in the last simulation until the clasp was completely dislodged. The retentive force range of different groups of clasps was obtained. The retentive forces of the SLM-built Co-Cr, CP Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with equivalent computed retentive force range to the control group were validated through the insertion/removal experiment. The von Mises stress distributions of these three groups of SLM-built clasps under 15 N loads were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#SLM-built Co-Cr, CP Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with designs B1 or B2, and Co-Cr clasps with design A2 had higher retentive forces than those of the control group. SLM-built CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with design A1 had lower retentive forces than those of the control group. SLM-built Co-Cr clasp with design A1 and SLM-built CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with design A2 had equivalent retentive forces to those of the control group. The insertion/removal experiment showed that the measured retentive forces of these three groups of SLM-built clasps were (21.57±5.41) N, (19.75±4.47) N, and (19.32±2.04) N, respectively. No statistically significant measured retentive force difference was found among these three groups of SLM-built clasps (P>0.05). The maximum von Mises stress of these three groups of SLM-built clasps exceeded their responding yield strength except for the Ti-6Al-4V one.@*CONCLUSION@#SLM-built Co-Cr circumferential clasps had higher retention than CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V ones with the same clasp arm size and undercut engagement. The retention of SLM-built circumferential clasps could be adjusted by changing the undercut engagement and clasp arm size. If SLM-built circumferential clasps are used in clinical practice, the Ti-6Al-4V clasp with clasp arm size A and 0.50 mm undercut engagement is recommended considering the long-term use of RPD in the patient's mouth.

Effects of heat treatment on the bonding strength of pure titanium processed via selective laser melting and porcelain / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the bonding strength of pure titanium formed by selective laser melting (SLM) and porcelain.@*Methods@#Ninety-six pure titanium specimens were laser machined to meet ISO 9693 standards. The specimens were divided into a heat treated group (A) and a nonheat treated group (B). According to the porcelain type, the specimens in groups A and B were divided into Super Ti22 (a), Titankeramik (b), and Triceram (c) groups. Then, according to sandblasting pressures of 0.25 MPa (1) and 0.45 MPa (2), they were further divided into Aa1, Aa2, Ab1, Ab2, Ac1, Ac2, Ba1, Ba2, Bb1, Bb2, Bc1, and Bc2 groups. The surface morphology and roughness of the sandblasted specimens were assessed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. After the porcelain was fused, the three-point bending titanium-porcelain bonding strength was tested. A stereomicroscope was used to characterize the titanium-porcelain interfaces and determine the mode of failure.@* Results@# The Vickers hardness of group A specimens (188.21 ± 11.94) was significantly lower than that of group B specimens (204.48 ± 6.32) HV (P<0.05). The roughness value in group A1 (2.90 ± 0.32) μm was significantly lower than that in group A2 (3.43 ± 0.43) μm (P<0.05). Specimens in group B1 (2.62 ± 0.08) μm were significantly smaller than those in group B2 (3.01 ± 0.06) μm (P<0.05). The bonding strength in group Aa1 was (33.75 ± 2.31) MPa, group Aa2 was (36.32 ± 1.44) MPa, group Ab1 was (39.82 ± 2.28) MPa, group Ab2 was (33.74 ± 1.53) MPa and group Ac2 was (38.63 ± 1.36) MPa, which was significantly higher than that in the corresponding groups Ba1 (29.65 ± 1.10) MPa, Ba2 (27.17 ± 2.24) MPa, Bb1 (27.29 ± 1.61) MPa, Bb2 (23.85 ± 0.97) MPa, and Bc2 (35.75 ± 1.93) MPa (P<0.05). With increasing sandblasting pressure, the bonding strength of the titanium ceramic in group Aa2 was significantly higher than in group Aa1, while that in group Ab2 was significantly lower than that in group Ab1 (P<0.05). In groups A, Bc1 and Bc2, the fracture model showed mixed failure, while in groups Ba1, Ba2, Bb1, and Bb2, the model showed interfacial failure.@* Conclusion @# The Vickers hardness of SLM titanium can be significantly reduced by heat treatment. SLM pure titanium after heat treatment is beneficial to combination of the three porcelain types and titanium. The titanium-porcelain bonding strength may be affected by sandblasting pressure.

Validación de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (qPCR) acoplada a curvas melting como herramienta alternativa para el diagnóstico de Tuberculosis Mutidrogorresistente / Validation of the real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) coupled to melting curves as an alternative tool for the diagnosis of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa, causada por diversas especies del Complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, actualmente se estima que un tercio de la población mundial se encuentra afectada por lo que representa una amenaza para la salud pública, principalmente por el surgimiento de cepas Multidrogorresistentes (TB-MDR). En Bolivia se reportaron 7.538 personas enfermas con Tuberculosis, los últimos datos sobre TB-MDR indican un aumento de 0,2% por año, en 2019 se registró un 3,1% de TB-MDR. Actualmente en nuestro país se emplean métodos moleculares para la identificación de este agente infeccioso; no obstante, existen muy pocos o ningún trabajo acerca de la aplicación de métodos moleculares para la detección precisa y efectiva de cepas TB-MDR que otorguen validez a los resultados emitidos. Este trabajo resuelve el cuestionamiento de, si la PCR en tiempo real (RT-qPCR) acoplada a curvas melting es una herramienta de diagnóstico alternativo aplicable, para la identificación de Tuberculosis Multidrogorresistente MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se trabajó con 74 cepas de Mycobaterium tuberculosis fenotípicamente identificadas por cultivo (método de las proporciones, Canetti Rist) como gold standar. El material genético para las pruebas moleculares se obtuvo por el método de columnas, se utilizaron dos controles primarios para la determinación de resistencia a los fármacos Isoniacida y Rifampicina, tanto los controles como las muestras se procesaron por RT-qPCR acoplada a curvas melting, mediante cambios de temperatura de disociación. RESULTADOS: los parámetros de test diagnóstico de la prueba demostraron sensibilidad: 67.4%, especificidad: 83.3%, Exactitud: 73.97%, VPP: 85.3%, VPN: 64.1% para Isoniacida. Mientras que para Rifampicina: Sensibilidad: 97%, especificidad: 20%, exactitud: 58.9%, VPP: 55.4% y VPN: 87.5%. CONCLUSIÓN: el método evaluado para la determinación de resistencia a Isoniacida presenta un equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad, por lo que representa una alternativa diagnóstica confiable, mientras que para resistencia a Rifampicina presenta una alta sensibilidad que es muy útil para países endémicos como el nuestro.

INTRODUCTION: tuberculosis is an infectious-contagious disease, caused by various species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, it is estimated that one third of the world population is affected by what represents a threat to public health, mainly by the emergence of multidrugresistant strains (MDR-TB). In Bolivia, 7,538 people are reported sick with Tuberculosis, the latest data on MDR-TB indicate an increase of 0.2% per year, in 2018 there was 3.1% of MDR-TB. Currently in our country molecular methods are used to identify this infectious agent; however, there is very little or no work on the application of molecular methods for the precise and effective detection of MDR-TB strains that give validity to the results issued. This work resolves the question of whether real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) coupled to melting curves is an applicable alternative diagnostic tool for the identification of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis MATERIALS AND METHODS: we worked with 74 strains of Mycobaterium tuberculosis phenotypically identified by culture (method of proportions, Canetti Rist) as a gold standar. The genetic material for molecular methods was obtained by the column assay, two primary controls were used for the determination of resistance to the drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin, both the controls and the samples were processed by RT-qPCR coupled to melting curves, by means of temperature changes of dissociation. RESULTS: the diagnostic test parameters of the test demonstrated sensitivity: 67.4%, specificity: 83.3%, Accuracy: 73.97%, PPV: 85.3%, NPV: 64.1% for Isoniazid. While for Rifampicin: Sensitivity: 97%, Specificity: 20%, Accuracy: 58.9%, PPV: 55.4% and NPV: 87.5% CONCLUSION: the method evaluated for the determination of resistance to Isoniazid presents a balance between sensitivity and specificity, therefore it represents a reliable diagnostic alternative, while for resistance to Rifampicin it presents a high sensitivity that is very useful for endemic countries such as ours.

Detection of the Brachyspina mutation in Uruguayan Holstein cows using real time PCR and melting curve analysis / Detecção da mutação da Brachyspina em vacas Holandês Uruguaias usando PCR em tempo real e análise da curva de fusão

ABSTRACT: Brachyspina syndrome (BS) is a rare monogenic autosomal recessive hereditary disorder of the Holstein Fresian breed caused by a deletion of 3.3Kb in the Fanconi anemia complementation group I (FANCI) gene on BTA-21, which leads to a frame-shift and premature stop codon. Some of the consequences of BS are the reduction of the fertility rate and milk production. This study developed a simple, sensitive, rapid cost- effective assay method based on real time PCR and melting curve analysis for the detection of BS carrier animals. Sixty-eight normal homozygous and four heterozygous carrier genotypes were detected and confirmed through traditional PCR- electrophoresis analysis. We concluded that the assay we have developed proved to be a reliable, highly precise and low-cost tool, which could be used to monitor the presence of the BS mutation in uruguayan Holstein breed.

RESUMO: A síndrome de Brachyspina (BS) é um defeito hereditário monogênico autossômico recessivo raro da raça Holstein Friesian causado por uma exclusão de 3,3 KB no gene FANCI localizado no cromossomo bovino 21, o que leva a um deslocamento de quadro e um códon de parada prematuro. Uma consequência da BS é a eficiência de reprodução reduzida e a produção de leite. O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um método simples, rápido e sensível, baseado em PCR em tempo real e análise da curva de fusão para identificar animais portadores de BS. Sessenta e oito genótipos homozigotos normais e quatro heterozigotos foram detectados e confirmados através da análise tradicional de PCR e electophorese. Concluímos que o novo método é uma ferramenta confiável, altamente precisa e de baixo custo, que poderia ser usado para monitorar a presença da mutação BS na raça Holandês uruguaia.

Research progress of epithelial ingrowth under corneal flap after keratorefractive surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#The epithelial ingrowth under corneal flap is one of the complications after keratorefractive surgery, of which the incidence has declined dramatically with the improvement of relevant facilities and surgical techniques. However, epithelial ingrowth results from traumatic flap displacement has been describing in the literatures from time to time. If the prompt and efficient treatment cannot be taken, the severe complications of epithelial ingrowth will occur such as the alternation of refraction and cornea keratolysis. In this article, we reviewed the research progress of epithelial ingrowth after keratorefractive surgery.

Methods and parameters of melting curve analysis for identification of Leishmania species: A scoping review

Leishmaniasis is a set of diseases with a worldwide distribution that affects mainly economically underprivileged populations in developing countries. It has a major impact on public health, with a global cost of billions of dollars per year. The treatment and control of leishmaniasis vary according to the Leishmania species involved, which require reliable methods for species identification. Since most of the currently used methods have limitations, there is a need for assays that allow rapid, precise identification of the offending species. Real-time polymerase chain reactions in conjunction with dissociation curve analysis have been used to detect differences in the DNA composition of selected genes of Leishmania spp. Kinetoplast DNA is the main molecular target used because of its high copy number per parasite, but other targets have also been studied. As part of an effort to establish melting temperature standards for each target gene, we have reviewed the pertinent literature available in public databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS, using the keywords 'Leishmania', 'leishmaniasis', 'real-time PCR', 'melting temperature', and 'melting curve', alone or in combination. After applying eligibility criteria, 27 articles were selected for analysis. A considerable variation in the methodologies analyzed was found regarding molecular targets, standardization of the methods, reproducibility and specificity. Because of this, statistical analysis was not performed. In most cases, the methods were able to differentiate the parasite at the subgenus level or few species regardless of the target chosen.

Clinical application of laser selective melting titanium alloy for removable partial denture frameworks / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the effect of denture stomatitis of selective laser melting (SLM) titanium alloy for removable partial denture frameworks.@*Methods @#Twenty patients with dentition defects in our hospital were divided into two groups according to the different methods of creating a removable partial denture framework: the SLM group and casting group. The success rate, placement rate, masticatory efficiency and incidence of denture stomatitis were compared. Experimental data were analyzed with SPSS20.0.@*Results @# The success rate of the SLM framework group was 100.00%, which was higher than that of the casting group (90.00%) (P ＜ 0.01). The rate of framework placement in the SLM group was slightly lower than that in the casting group (P ＜ 0.05). The masticatory efficiency of the SLM group was higher than that of the casting group (0.783 ± 0.030 vs. 0.699 ± 0.037, P ＜ 0.001). The incidence of denture stomatitis (10.00%) in the SLM group was significantly lower than that in the casting group (30.00%) (P ＜ 0.001). @*Conclusion @#SLM is superior to the traditional casting method in mastication efficiency and reducing the incidence of denture stomatitis. This method can meet the clinical requirements, but the accuracy of the long-term stent needs to be improved.

Application of digital technology in the restoration of partial edentulous dentition with microstomia / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To explore the application of digital technology in the restoration of partial edentulous patients with microstomia. @*Methods@# A patient with microstomia was presented and seeking for the restoration of her full edentulous in the upper jaw and partial edentulous in the lower jaw (Kennedy Ⅲ). A digital intraoral scanning was used to obtain digital impressions of soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity. Computer aided design and 3D printing technology were used to design and fabricate the metal framework. @* Results @#The patient had no difficulty to wear or take off the dentures. The maxillary and mandibular dentures showed good retention, stability, mastication function and articulation. There was no tenderness in the one week and one month′s follow-up. And the chewing efficiency was satisfactory@*Conclusion@#This case report successfully designed and fabricated mandibular removable partial dentures for patients with microstomia through intraoral scanning and 3D printing technology. Thus, this work provides a new method and idea for treating partial edentulous dentition with microstomia

Application and prospects of 3d printing technology in dental manufacturing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In the case of tooth defect or missing, the treatment should be achieved by making a personalized prosthesis. Traditional manufacturing process is time-consuming, costly and accurate. After the introduction of 3D printing technology into dental manufacture, the manufacturing efficiency and quality can be improved to a certain extent. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the application of 3D printing technology in dental manufacture, discuss the bottleneck in recent application, and guide the development of 3D printing technology in dental manufacture. METHODS: The authors used the search times "3D printing, metal implant, dental manufacturing, dental restorations” to search Web of Science, Wanfang, CNKI databases in English and Chinese separately to search papers published during 1980-2019. 261 papers were preliminarily retrieved and 60 of them were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D printing dental mold, digital implant guide plate and wax pattern have been widely used in dental manufacture. 3D printing technology has been widely used in dental manufacture. The most widely used six processes are stereo lithography appearance, laminated object manufacturing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and inkjet printing. There are some technical bottlenecks in the application of 3D printing technology in the field of dental manufacturing. After breaking through technology bottlenecks, 3D printing will be more useful in the field of dental manufacturing in the future.

Metal-ceramic interface characteristics of Co-Cr alloy fabricated by selective laser melting / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Co-Cr ceramic alloys made by selective laser melting technology are widely used in the field of dental restoration, but the influence of selective laser melting technology on the bonding properties of Co-Cr ceramic alloys is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To explore the metal-ceramic interface characteristics of dental Co-Cr alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. METHODS: Metal-ceramic specimens were prepared by selective laser melting and precision casting, respectively. Metal-ceramic bond strengths, interface characteristics, fracture analysis, microstructures and composition distribution of specimens were obtained with the aid of universal testing machine, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy disperse spectrometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The metal-ceramic bond strengths of precision casting Co-Cr alloy was higher than that of selective laser melting Co-Cr alloy (P < 0.05). (2) Metallographic microscope showed that selective laser melting Co-Cr alloy had fine grains and a more uniform matrix. Precision casting Co-Cr alloy showed typical casting dendritic structure with coarse grains and a large number of island second phase structures. (3) Scanning electron microscopy showed that precision casting Co-Cr alloy had a thicker diffusion layer than the selective laser melting Co-Cr alloy at the metal-ceramic interface. (4) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the metal-ceramic specimens of precision casting Co-Cr alloy tended to cohesive fracture, and the metal-ceramic specimens of selective laser melting Co-Cr alloy tended to adhesive fracture. (5) The results showed that although the bonding strength of selective laser melting Co-Cr alloy was lower than that of precision casting Co-Cr alloy, the bonding strength of selective laser melting Co-Cr alloy could still meet the requirements of standard YY0621.1-2016.

The Nature of Climate Change- equivalent Climate Change Model’s Application in Decoding the Root Cause of Global Warming

Scrutiny and analysis of various energy applications show that the energy conversion to useful work or new products has been systematically inefficient. The global energy’s total effective conversion efficiency is estimated only about 20% and about 80% of the energy has been discharged into the environment. It is this energy that leads to the unbalance of the climate system’s energy budget balance and causes the global warming. This article presents a simple equivalent climate change model to track the past global warming and to predict the future change trend at the global scale. The model comprises of an equivalent climate change surface air boundary layer, an equivalent climate change land surface boundary layer and an equivalent climate change seawaters surface boundary layer. It produces unique definitive relationships between the temperature changes and the heat entered the air, waters and land. The model can also be used to forecast future non-renewable energy consumption needed to keep the temperature rising under Paris Accord. Analysis of currently available data by using this model confirms that temperature changes in air, seawaters and land closely correlate to the amount of heat discharged into the climate system from human activities. NASA and NOAA’s observations of temperature anomalies for the surface air, sea surface and land surface are well consistent with the temperature changes calculated by this model, especially the calculated results at the depth of 70 meters of the surface air boundary layer and NASA’s Lowess Smoothing trend are very close. Flaring intensifies global warming. Reducing use of fossil fuels, nuclear and geothermal energies, developing surface renewable energies and increasing energy’s total effective conversion efficiency and thus reducing the amount of residual/waste energy are the paths to effectively and efficiently control global warming.

Isolation And Structure Elucidation Of Isoquercitrin From Hygrophila Salicifolia (ACANTHACEAE)

Hygrophila salicifolia is an erect herb (family: Acanthaceae). It has many medicinal uses like diuretic and anti inflammatory in traditional systems of medicine. Till date no data available for its standardisation therefore isolation of phytoconstituent was done from methanolic extract of Hygrophila salicifolia. Besides a known flavonoid, Isoquercitrin was isolated for the first time from a Hygrophila species, namely Hygrophila salicifolia (Acanthaceae). Its structure was established on the basis of its spectroscopic data.

Genetic study of a Chinese pedigree affected with pachyonychia congenita / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the genetic basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with pachyonychia congenita (PC).@*Methods@#With informed consent obtained, peripheral blood samples were taken from the pedigree. Genomic DNA was extracted with a phenol/chloroform method. Based on the clinical manifestation of the patients, candidate genes for PC were selected. Potential mutation was screened by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Suspected mutation was verified in other family members by PCR-high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Haplotype analysis using microsatellite markers was also carried out to determine the founder of the mutation.@*Results@#A heterozygous c. 275A>G (Asn92Ser) mutation was discovered in exon 1 of the KRT17 gene in the proband. PCR-HRM analysis showed that all affected members were heterozygous carriers of the mutation. The same mutation was found in none of the unaffected members. Haplotype analysis and sequencing indicated the mother of the proband to be the founder.@*Conclusion@#The c. 275A>G (Asn92Ser) mutation of the KRT17 gene probably underlies the disease in this pedigree. Above finding has facilitated genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this pedigree.