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1.
Invest. clín ; 54(4): 360-372, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740353

ABSTRACT

Las alteraciones neuropsicológicas tras un ictus dependen del tipo y de la localización. Los ictus pueden producir discapacidades cognoscitivas, emocionales y sociales; las deficiencias pueden dificultar las actividades cotidianas motoras, del lenguaje así como de la memoria a corto y largo plazo. Los pacientes que han sufrido un ictus temporal izquierdo pueden presentar una afasia acústico-amnésica y mostrar alteraciones de la consolidación de la memoria. El objetivo de esta presentación de casos fue evaluar la intervención neuropsicológica mediante un Programa de Reforzamiento de la Memoria en pacientes con afasia acústico-amnésica y conocer si promueve la consolidación de la información para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. Se estudiaron dos casos, antes y tras la aplicación de un Programa de Reforzamiento de la Memoria con diagnóstico de afasia acústico-amnésica y con problemas de memoria. El programa contó con 20 categorías supraordinadas con 10 palabras subordinadas cada una, con un total de 200 palabras para evocar. Se encontraron diferencias significativas tras la administración del programa con un aumento en la cantidad de palabras evocadas, así como su consolidación en memoria a largo plazo en ambos sujetos estudiados. Este estudio sugiere que el uso del Programa de Reforzamiento de la Memoria en sujetos con afasia acústico-amnésica podría ser útil en la rehabilitación de los problemas de la memoria en estos pacientes.


Neuropsychological alterations after stroke depend on the type and site of the injury and may result in cognitive, mood or social disabilities. The disorders may disturb daily motor activities and may alter language and short- and long-term memory. Patients that have suffered a stroke in the left temporal hemisphere may present acoustic-mnestic aphasia and memory alterations. Our objective was to evaluate the results of the implementation of a memory reinforcement training program in patients with acoustic-mnestic aphasia, and to know if the program improves memory consolidation for a better patient´s quality of life. We performed a case-report study, before and after implementation of a memory reinforcement program in two patients with acoustic-mnestic aphasia and memory alterations. The program was constructed with 20 supra-ordinal categories, each with 10 sub-ordinal words, with a total of 200 words to evoke. We found significant differences in the number of evoked words and in memory consolidation after the implementation of the program in the two studied patients. Our observations suggest that implementation of a memory reinforcement program in subjects with acoustic-mnestic aphasia may be useful in the rehabilitation of memory alterations in these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aphasia/therapy , Memory , Neuropsychology/methods , Psychotherapy
2.
Psicol. Caribe ; 29(2): 421-455, Jan.-Dec. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659441

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Alzheimer ( EA) es una enfermedad crónica que se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas cognitivos, problemas físicos y alteraciones emocionales y/o comportamentales. Actualmente más de 24 millones de personas en el mundo han sido diagnosticadas con EA, y se calcula que para 2040 el número será de 81 millones. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión detallada de las diferentes técnicas y/o tratamientos cognitivos que se han venido utilizando en la rehabilitación de las alteraciones cognitivas de personas con EA, así como de los estudios existentes que evalúan su eficacia. Los principales resultados de la revisión evidencian la aplicación de tratamientos cognitivos mediante técnicas como estimulación cognitiva, aprendizaje sin error, recuperación espaciada, imaginería visual, desvanecimiento de pistas y ayudas externas. La mayoría de tratamientos revisados utilizaron técnicas de manera combinada, las cuales se implementaron en etapas iniciales de la EA; varios de los estudios revisados demostraron el mantenimiento a largo plazo de las ganancias obtenidas en algunos tratamientos.


Alzheimer's disease ( AD) is a chronic illness characterized by the presence of cognitive and physical impairments and emotional and/or behavioral disturbances. Nowadays, over 24 million people around the world are diagnosed with AD and it is estimated that in 2040 this number will rise to 81 million. The objective of this article was to review in detail the different techniques and/or cognitive treatments that have been developed in the rehabilitation of cognitive impairments of population with AD, and the existing papers that test their efficacy. The main results evidence the use of techniques such as cognitive stimulation, errorless learning, spaced retrieval, visual imagery, vanishing cues and external aids. Most of the reviewed treatments used these techniques combined, with patients in the initial stages of AD; many of the papers reviewed demonstrated long term maintenance of the positive results of some treatments.

3.
Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; (12)2003.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-682662

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the effect of errorless learning on memory processes.Methods Eight- y-four participants were randomly divided into three groups:a group which received computer-assisted memory train- ing (CAMG,n=30) ,a therapist-administered memory training group (TAMG,n=24) and a control group (CG,n =30).A 20-session training course with a Chinese cultural background was tailor-made for Chinese subjects with memory disorders.It was administered over the course of one month to the test groups with a similar course structure and content but different delivery modes.The control group had no training.The Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test- Chinese Version (RBMT-CV) and the Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT) were used to assess memory ability and process at the start and end of the training,and one month later.A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences across the three groups.Results Comparing pre-training with post-training and follow- up,RBMT-CV and HKLLT scores improved significantly.The CAMG group demonstrated better progress encoding and storage on the HKLLT (including the random and blocked conditions) than the TAMG group.Conclusions Errorless learning is likely to be an effective technique for improving memory function in patients with traumatic brain injury.Its effects last for at least one month.Computer-administered training was more effective than therapist-admin- istered face to face training,especially in improving encoding and storage memory processes.

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