Genetic diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in Mendoza province / Diversidad genética de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae en la provincia de Mendoza

En Argentina, la neumonía enzoótica porcina (NEP) es altamente prevalente y se han identificado diferentes tipos genéticos de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Sin embargo, se carece de información acerca de la prevalencia de NEP y de otros aspectos epidemiológicos de esta entidad en la provincia de Mendoza. En esta investigación se usó un análisis multilocus de regiones repetidas en tándem (MLVA) de los loci P97 R1, P97 R1A y P146 R3 para evaluar la diversidad genética de M. hyopneumoniae a partir de muestras clínicas de cerdos de cinco granjas localizadas en diferentes distritos de la provincia de Mendoza. M. hyopneumoniae pudo ser tipificado a partir de 27 muestras de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) y se identificaron 8 diferentes MLVA-tipos. Este es el primer informe acerca de la diversidad genética de M. hyopneumoniae en Mendoza. Los resultados obtenidos permiten describir de manera más acabada la diversidad genética de este agente en nuestro país.

Representaciones, discursos y prácticas profilácticas durante la epidemia de cólera (1886-1887, Mendoza, Argentina) / Prophylactic representations, discourses and practices during the cholera epidemic (1886-1887, Mendoza, Argentina)

Resumen El artículo busca indagar en los proyectos de disciplinamiento sancionados por el Estado de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) durante la epidemia de cólera ocurrida en el verano de 1886 y 1887. Si bien los planes tenían como finalidad mejorar el estado sanitario de toda la población y de la ciudad, apuntaron y se aplicaron con mayor intensidad sobre los sectores populares y sus espacios. Esto se debió a las ideas y representaciones que en torno de la enfermedad y la muerte construyó el grupo dirigente durante estos periodos.

Abstract The article takes a look into the disciplinary projects approved by the authorities in the province of Mendoza (Argentina) during the cholera epidemic that took place during the summer of 1886-1887. Although the projects were intended to ameliorate the sanitary conditions of the whole of the population, these were focused and applied more intensively on the underprivileged sectors and their areas of inhabitance. This follows the ideas and representations created by the State regarding the illness and its death during this period.

Especies de garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) parásitas de perros (Canis familiaris) en zonas urbanas del Gran Mendoza, Argentina

El conocimiento de las especies de ectoparásitos presentes en los animales de compañía tiene implicancias tanto en medicina veterinaria como en salud humana, ya que varios agentes tienen la potencialidad de transmitirse del animal al humano y viceversa. Se revisaron 466 garrapatas remitidas al Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPaR) durante los años 2010 y 2013, recolectadas en 217 perros de zonas urbanas de la provincia de Mendoza. El 83,5% (n=385) fueron identificadas como Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (84 machos y 199 hembras - relación 1:2,37 -, 65 ninfas y 37 larvas), mientras que el 16,5% (n=76) fue identificado como Amblyomma tigrinum (10 machos y 61 hembras - relación 1:6,1 -, y cinco ejemplares adultos en mal estado, imposibilitando su sexado). Adicionalmente, cinco ejemplares adultos sólo se identificaron como pertenecientes al género Amblyomma, ya que por encontrarse ingurgitados no se pudo realizar la determinación de especie. Éste registro es un importante aporte al conocimiento de las especies de garrapatas presentes en perros (Canis familiaris) en la provincia de Mendoza.

Knowledge of the ectoparasitic agents of pets has implications both in veterinary medicine and public health since several agents have the potential to spread from animal to human and vice versa. Ticks sent to the Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPaR) during 2010 to 2013 were analysed. 466 adult ticks were collected from 217 dog in urban areas from Mendoza province, Argentina. Of these, 83.5% (n=385) specimens were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (84 male and 199 female - ratio 1:2.37 -, 65 nymphs and 37 larvae), while 16.5% (n = 76) were identified as Amblyomma tigrinum (10 males and 61 females - ratio 1:6.1 -, and five adults in bad condition, which precluded their sexing). In addition, five adult specimens, identified as Amblyomma, were not identified to the species level since they were fully engorged. This report is an important contribution to the knowledge of the species of ticks in dogs (Canis familiaris) in the province of Mendoza.

Actividades recreativas en adultos mayores internos en un hogar de ancianos / Recreational activities for institutionalized older adults at an elderly home

Introducción: la recreación para mejorar la calidad de vida en las personas de la tercera edad ofrece al anciano un buen uso del tiempo libre. Objetivo: valorar la realización de actividades recreativas en un hogar geriátrico, las preferidas y razones para ello. Métodos: estudio cualitativo y correlacional realizado en adultos mayores internos en el hogar Santa Marta en la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina, durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2013. El universo lo constituían 105 adultos y la muestra quedó conformada por 99 que aceptaron participar. Se aplicó un cuestionario y entrevista individual y las pruebas de Pearson y de Fisher para analizar las actividades recreativas en relación con la edad, el sexo y el tiempo de estadía en la institución. Resultados: se realizaban actividades recreativas que se clasificaron en intramuros y extramuros. Estas últimas, que se concretaban los fines de semana y coincidían con las visitas familiares, fueron las preferidas, especialmente entre aquellos con menor tiempo de estadía en la institución. Conclusiones: las actividades recreativas internas y externas se realizan en la institución con la colaboración de especialistas y voluntarios según una estrategia adecuada y optimizada. La preferencia de los adultos mayores por las actividades externas se apoya en su necesidad de interactuar y socializar con sus familiares y otros ancianos, lo que los aleja de experimentar estados vivenciales negativos. Es importante prever la inclusión de los ancianos con más tiempo de estadía en las actividades recreativas externas y estimular la concurrencia de los familiares con periodicidad(AU)

Introduction: recreation for the improvement of the quality of life of the older people offers them a good use of their leisure time. Objective: to assess the celebration of recreational activities at an elderly home, the favorite activities and the reasons for it. Methods: correlational qualitative study conducted in institutionalized older adults at Santa Marta home for the elderly located in Mendoza, Argentina from August to September, 2013. The universe of study was 105 older adults and the final sample was 99 who accepted to participate. Data were collected from survey, individual interview and Pearson's and Fisher's test for the analysis of recreational variants. Results: outdoor activities carried out on weekend were the favorite; since they were held during the family visits, particularly by those older people who had not been for long at the institution. Conclusions: the recreational activities take place at the institution with the cooperation of professors, specialists and voluntaries pursuant to an adequate optimized strategy. The elderly prefer the outdoor activities because they need to interact and socialize with their relatives and with other aged persons, which do not let them feel negative experiences. It is important to include those elderly people who have been longer at the home in these outdoor recreational activities and to encourage the systematic participation of the families(AU)

Difilobotriosis humana: Un caso en área no endémica de la Argentina / Human diphyllobothriosis: A case in a non-endemic area of Argentina

La difilobotriosis es una parasitosis intestinal causada por la infección de cestodos del genero Diphyllobothrium. En la Argentina, la Patagonia Andina es considerada una zona endémica para esta parasitosis. La infección por Diphyllobothrium latum no ha sido previamente notificada en la provincia de Mendoza; en este trabajo comunicamos un caso de esta parasitosis que fue confirmada por el análisis de las características morfológicas de los huevos eliminados con la materia fecal de un paciente infectado. Se destaca la necesidad de información y capacitación de los profesionales de la salud en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de parasitosis no endémicas.

Diphyllobothriosis is an intestinal parasitosis caused by cestodes infection of the genus Diphyllobothrium. In Argentina, the Andean Patagonia is considered an endemic area for this parasitosis. Diphyllobothrium latum infection has not been previously reported in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. We are now reporting then the first case. Diphyllobothriosis was confirmed by examination of morphologic characteristics of the eggs eliminated in the patients' feces. These results suggest the requirement of a more specific training of health workers in the diagnosis and treatment of non endemic parasitosis. We want to emphasize the need of health workers' education on diagnosis and treatment of endemic and non-endemic parasitosis.

Momentos históricos y profesores insignes de la neurocirugía en Camagüey / Historical moments and significant professors of the neurosurgery in Camagüey

Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech, en Camagüey, durante el año 2011 con el objetivo de describir la historia de la Neurocirugía en la provincia y los momentos más importantes de su desarrollo. Se realizaron entrevistas a personalidades que laboran en el hospital desde su fundación el 14 de enero de 1962, los que aportaron información valiosa para la identificación cronológica de los hechos. Además, se revisaron artículos publicados que ilustraron los principales momentos en el desarrollo de la especialidad. Se pudo determinar que antes del triunfo revolucionario y previo a la inauguración del hospital, la atención neuroquirúrgica especializada en la provincia era muy limitada y los traumatismos craneales eran atendidos fundamentalmente por ortopédicos y cirujanos. En marzo de 1968 se constituyó el servicio provincial de Neurología y Neurocirugía, y a partir de este momento comienza el desarrollo vertiginoso de la especialidad en sus diferentes vertientes: docente, asistencial y científica. Se destacan los resultados alcanzados en la atención al trauma craneoencefálico y a los aneurismas intracraneales así como la introducción de la cirugía estereotáctica para el tratamiento de los tumores malignos del encéfalo. El servicio de Neurocirugía de Camagüey con el decurso de los años se ha consolidado como uno de los polos neuroquirúrgicos de Cuba y como una escuela de neurociencias que ha garantizado la formación de más de treinta especialistas de Neurocirugía para Cuba y el mundo.

Since the foundation of the Neurology Service of the University Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech at the end of the decade of the 60, it has kept a sustained development in the different branches of the general neurosurgery, becoming a territorial teaching-assistancial service. The achieved development has been due to the efforts and dedication of its professors staff. Some of them have physically departed but have left their legacy in the new generations of neurosurgeons that continue developing the specialty in the territory. The objective of the current work is highlighting the inestimable work of two eminent Camagüeyan neurosurgeons that marked the development of this specialty out, the professors Enrique Mendoza Rivera and Sergio Vega Basalto. In the same way we mentioned important moments in the advance of our service after its foundation. After 1982 the vascular surgery is potentiated at the expenses of the surgical treatment of the brain aneurisms, the introduction of the computerized axial tomography at the end of the 90s, the application of the stereotactic surgery in the brain tumor treatment and the development of the neurotraumatology, all of them transcendental moments of the Camagüeyan neurosurgery. The results of the medical assistance have been supported by the achievements obtained in the scientific research. The beginning of the endoscopic neurosurgery and the application of the ambulatory surgery for the treatment of the cervical and lumbar disk hernia since 2010 have been the ultimate progress of our service.

The Prognosis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Patients with Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy Alone

PURPOSE: Since the first report by Mendoza in 1990, there have been several studies reporting that long-term intravenous methylprednisolone(MP) pulse therapy combined with cyclosporin A(CsA) or cyclophosphamide might be beneficial for the treatment of steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS). We investigated the therapeutic effect of long-term MP pulse therapy without CsA or cyclophosphamide on steroid resistant FSGS. METHODS: The medical records of the 10 steroid resistant FSGS patients who were treated with MP pulse therapy by the Mendoza protocol without CsA or cyclophosphamide in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The median age at onset was 2.6 years(range 1.1-10.6 years) and the median age at the initiation of therapy was 5.7 years(range 1.8-20 years). The median duration of follow-up was 35 months(range 4-132 months). At the end of therapy, 5 patients achieved complete remission(50%) and 2 partial remission(20%), one of whom relapsed after the therapy. Three patients did not respond to the therapy, two of whom progressed to end-stage renal failure during the therapy eventually requiring kidney transplantation. CONCLUSION: Intravenous long-term MP pulse therapy without CsA or cyclophosphamide by the Mendoza protocol may be effective in a subset of patients with steroid-resistant FSGS.

The Effects of Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy by Mendoza Protocol in Primary and Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome

PURPOSE: Since Mendoza(1990)'s report that long term methylprednisolone pulse therapy by Mendoza protocol (MP therapy) is a good treatment option in focal segmental glomerulo -sclerosis(FSGS), there have been reports of the effects of this therapy in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, no studies have been performed on the effects of MP therapy in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome and secondary nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effects of long term MP therapy in primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome in which previous treatment options were not effective. METHODS: We chose 10 children who were diagnosed with steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome(SD-MCNS), who had shown frequent relapse during the immunocompromised or cytotoxic therapy period, and 6 children with FSGS and 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome children, who had shown no response during the previous therapy period. We treated these patients according to Mendoza protocol involving infusions of high doses of methyl- prednisolone, often in combination with oral cyclophosphamide for 82 weeks. RESULTS: In all the 10 children with SD-MCNS, complete remission was visible on average of 18+/- days after MP therapy was started. However, all these children relapsed during or after MP therapy. In these children, the mean relapse rate prior to MP therapy was 2.1+/-.0 relpases/year, which was reduced to 1.4+/-.9 relapses/year during MP therapy(P>0.05) and rose to 2.7+/-.0 relapse/year after MP therapy. Of the 6 children with FSGS, 4 children(67%) showed complete remission, of whom 3 children(50%) remained in the remission status during the follow up period, 1.2+/-.7 years, after the end of MP therapy. 2 children(33%) showed no response. All of the 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome showed remission and remained in the remissiom status during the follow up period, 1.7+/-.6 years. The only side effect of MP therapy was transient hypertension in 10 children of all subjects during the intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone. CONCLUSION: We conclude that although long term MP therapy is not effective in the treatment of SD-MCNS, it is an effective therapy against intractable FSGS and secondary nephrotic syndrome.