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Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi or Gurjo), a herbaceous vine or climbing deciduous shrub, is consider as an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication, which is available in India, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Srilanka. Menispermaceae is the family of this compound. T. cordifolia have a variety of properties to treat various ailments such as fevers, jaundice, diabetes, dysentery, urinary infections, and skin diseases. This compound has been subjected to many chemicals, pharmacological, pre-clinical, or clinical investigations and some new therapeutic potential effects have been indicated. This review aims to summarize the critical information concerning in areas of chemical constituents, chemical structure, and pharmacokinetic activities such as anti-diabetic, anticancer, immune-modulatory, antivirus (especially in silico study about COVID-19), antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and its effect on cardiovascular and neurological disorders as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This traditional herb needs more experimental study on the clinical, pre-clinical study, and clinical efficacy of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and needs large-scale clinical studies to prove the clinical efficacy of this compound, especially in stress-related diseases and other neuronal disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tinospora/chemistry , COVID-19 , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistryABSTRACT
Medicinal plants have been used in the past for the treatment of diseases and continue to be an important reservoirfor the development of new drugs. With the increasing burden of cancer globally, there is a need to find neweranticancer agents. The process of identification and evaluation of cytotoxic molecules from plants can be achievedconveniently by using simple yet reliable screening models and combining with in silico techniques. Pachygone ovata,least explored plant from Menispermaceae family, is known to be rich in alkaloids. This study aimed to identify thecytotoxic constituents from Pachygone ovata through bioactivity-guided fractionation using Brine shrimp lethalitybioassay as a screening model. The active fraction in this assay was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxic activity onhuman tumor cell lines. Some reported alkaloids were studied for their binding affinities with topoisomerase II bymolecular docking. The study revealed the cytotoxic constituents from P. ovata. The study also revealed alkaloids withhigher binding affinity with topoisomerase II, and the scope for further use leads to the development of new drugs.
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ABSTRACT Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng., Menispermaceae, has been traditionally used as tonic drug and treatment of various diseases in South East Asian countries. In order to evaluate the quality and standardization of S. venosa roots, the HPLC method for quantification of the content of major components in S. venosa was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column using gradient system of 100 mM ammonium acetate in water and methanol with flow rate 1 ml/min. Detection wavelength was set at 210 nm for tetrahydropalmatine, 280 nm for dicentrine and crebanine, and 270 nm for stephanine. The validated method showed good sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The suitable solvent that yielded highest alkaloids contents from the matrix was optimized. S. venosa samples collected from various locations were analyzed. The present study provided comprehensive overview of major components in S. venosa. A remarkable variation in the accumulation of alkaloids in each population and the between individual in the same population could be observed. Our results showed the heterogeneity of S. venosa in Thailand which would need a further study for species delimitations.
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ABSTRACT Cissampelos pareira L., belonging to Menispermaceae family, has worldwide distribution, occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia. It is the most popular species of Cissampelos, known for its medicinal uses of leaves and roots. The study aims to find distinctive leaf anatomical characters, and also demonstrate the importance of spectral data to identify C. pareira samples, in order to contribute to its taxonomy and quality control of its drugs. Anatomical leaf analyses were performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The spectral profile was obtained from methanolic extracts of C. pareira samples from Brazil and Africa, with application of UV–vis spectrophotometry data, which were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Some anatomical characters such as leaf epidermal cells walls, stomata, trichomes, mesophyll, features of midrib and petiole, and the spectral profile within the wavelength ranging between 770 and 240 nm (eight bands) differs between Brazilian and African samples. The results represent an additional support to the taxonomy of C. pareira, and the quality control of their leaf drugs, mainly in relation to misidentified samples.
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ABSTRACTCissampelos sympodialis Eichler, Menispermaceae, is widely used by Indian tribes and folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders, including asthma. Clinical toxicological trials were made with the tea of C. sympodialis, a medicinal plant. The study took place at Lauro Wanderley Hospital/UFPB-PB, where seventeen healthy volunteers were chosen, among those six men and eleven women who orally ingested, during four weeks uninterruptedly, 150 ml of the tea, once a day. Before the first ingestion and after the last one, the participants were subjected to clinical and laboratorial tests for their overall conditions in order to analyze the toxicity of the plant. The results demonstrated that the volunteers neither experience clinical nor laboratorial alterations, as well as no significant adverse effects, apart from little change detected in their hematological tests. Nevertheless, none demonstrated any pathological conditions, just alterations of the normal human being physiology. Therefore, it is concluded that these data complement that obtained during pre-clinical studies and confirm a low toxicity of this plant.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Stephania hernandifolia. Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the constituents, and the structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-EI-MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectral analyses. Results: A hasubanan alkaloid, hernsubanine D (1) was isolated from the whole plants of S. hernandifolia. The compound was screened for the cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines in vitro. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound without cytotoxicity against A549 and K562 cells. © 2014 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
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Cyclea peltata Hook. f. & Thomson, belongs to the family Menispermaceae commonly known as "paatha", is a climbing shrub found throughout South and East India. In Indian traditional medicine the tuberous roots are also used to treat jaundice, stomachache, fever and asthma. This study deals with the microscopic study of leafs and roots of C. peltata, along with the physico-chemical, preliminary phytochemical analyses and antioxidant properties. Acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per OECD-423 guidelines and the extract was found to be devoid of any conspicuous acute toxicity in extract treated animals and no mortality upto 2 g/kg by oral route. Hydroalcoholic extract of C. peltata in a dose dependant manner (125 and 250 mg/kg. p.o.) showed significant gastric protection against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.
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A proposta deste trabalho foi de avaliar os efeitos da fração de alcalóides terciários totais (TTAF) de Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler (Menispermaceae) em dois modelos animais de depressão: a) teste do nado forçado e b) teste da reserpina. O tratamento de camundongos com TTAF (12,5 mg/kg) reduziu o tempo total de imobilidade dos animais. Também reverteu a hipotermia induzida por reserpina, demonstrando um efeito antidepressivo nos dois modelos. Adicionalmente, o tratamento com TTAF não modificou a ambulação e o comportamento de levantar das patas dianteiras dos animais avaliados no teste do campo aberto, realizado no intuito de investigar se a redução no tempo de imobilidade apresentada no teste do nado forçado foi causada por estimulação na atividade locomotora. Como a warifteína é um dos principais alcalóides presente na TTAF da C. sympodialis, e tem atividade inibidora da enzima fosfodiesterase, ela pode ser responsável pelo efeito antidepressivo observado na fração estudada.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of total tertiary alkaloid fraction (TTAF) of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler (Menispermaceae) on two animal models of depression: a) forced swim test and b) reserpine test. Treatment of mice with TTAF (12.5 mg/kg) reduced the total immobility time. It also reversed the reserpine-induced hypothermia, demonstrating an antidepressant effect in both models. Additionally, TTAF treatment did not modify the ambulation and rearing evaluated in open field test in order to investigate if the immobility time reduction found in the forced swimming test was caused by locomotive activity stimulation. Since warifteine is one of the main alkaloids present in the TTAF of C. sympodialis, and it has inhibitory activity of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, it may be responsible by the antidepressant effect found in the fraction studied.
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Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. é uma espécie empregada na medicina popular do Nordeste do Brasil, cujos estudos farmacológicos são bastantes promissores no tratamento de doenças do trato respiratório. Neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo farmacobotânico de suas folhas, com o objetivo de elaborar morfodiagnoses macroscópicas e microscópicas que auxiliem sua caracterização. Realizaram-se secções paradérmicas (lâminas) e transversais de folhas (lâmina e pecíolo), posteriormente clarificadas e coradas com safranina e safrablue, respectivamente, e observadas ao microscópio óptico. Cissampelos sympodialis caracteriza-se pelas folhas peltadas, com as lâminas deltóides, nervação actinodroma-broquidodroma, e o pecíolo espessado nas extremidades. A epiderme é hipoestomática, com células de paredes anticlinais ondeadas na face adaxial e irregularmente sinuosa a ondeada na abaxial. O mesofilo é dorsiventral e o sistema vascular do pecíolo é formado de um anel de feixes isolados colaterais. Esparsos idioblastos de cristais prismáticos foram observados no parênquima peciolar. A morfologia foliar em conjunto com a anatomia da epiderme são caracteres distintivos para Cissampelos sympodialis.
Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. is a plant species used in popular medicine in Northeast of Brazil, whose pharmacological studies are very promising in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract. In this work, a pharmacobotanical study of the leaves was performed with the objective to elaborate a macroscopical and microscopical morphodiagnosis to support its characterization. The microscopical morphodiagnosis was done with paradermic sections on the blades and cross sections on the blades and petioles followed by clarification and coloring with safranin and safrablue, respectively, and examined by optical microscopy. Cissampelos sympodialis has peltate leaves with deltoid blades with actinodromous -brochidodromous nervation, and the petioles are swollen at the extremities. The epidermis is hipostomatic with anticlinal walls of epidermal cells waved in the upper surface and irregularly sinuate to wavy on the lower surface. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and the vascular system of the petiole is formed by a ring of 6-7 free collateral bundles. Sparce idioblasts of prismatic crystals in parenchyma of petiole were observed. The morphology of the leaves and the anatomy of epidermis are distinguishing characters of Cissampelos sympodialis.
Subject(s)
Cissampelos/anatomy & histology , Menispermaceae/anatomy & histology , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
La familia Menispermaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar 15 géneros y 75 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), principalmente lianas y bejucos. En este trabajo reconocemos cuatro especies endémicas en tres géneros. Las especies endémicas se encuentran en las regiones Bosques Húmedos Amazónicos y Bosques Muy Húmedos Montanos, entre los 100 y 940 m de altitud. Ninguna de las especies endémicas está representada en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
The Menispermaceae are represented in Peru by 15 genera and 75 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mainly lianas and vines. Here we recognize four endemic species in three genera. These endemic species are found in Humid Lowland Amazonian Forests and Very Humid Montane Forests regions, between 100 and 940 m elevation. No endemic Menispermaceae have been registered today within Peru's protected areas system.