Face-to-face Assessment of COGTEL in Adolescents: Test-Retest Reliability and Association with School Grades / Aplicação Presencial do COGTEL em Adolescentes: a Fiabilidade Teste-Reteste e a Associação com as Notas Escolares

Abstract The Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument (COGTEL) has shown to be a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to assess cognitive functioning in adults in face-to-face procedures as well as over the phone. So far, no psychometric evaluation exists on its use in adolescents. The present study set out to evaluate the psychometric properties of the face-to-face application of the COGTEL in adolescents in the school context and to analyse the association with school grades. We assessed cognitive performance using COGTEL in face-to-face assessments of 170 adolescents, with retests after 6 months for test-retest reliability. Predictive validity was assessed using school grades. Test-retest reliability for the COGTEL was good (ICC = .77; p < .001). The partial correlation controlling for age between COGTEL and school grades was medium and positive (r = .40; p < .001). School grades alone explained 42% and 36% of the variance in the COGTEL total score in elementary and secondary students, respectively. The present study suggests that COGTEL is a reliable and valid instrument to assess cognitive functioning in adolescents, with the advantage of feasibility in multiple contexts.

Resumo O Instrumento de Rastreio Cognitivo por Telefone (COGTEL) tem demostrado ser um instrumento fiável, válido e breve para avaliar o funcionamento cognitivo em adultos, quer por telefone, quer de forma presencial. Até à data, não foram estudadas as suas características psicométricas para uso em adolescentes. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do COGTEL em adolescentes no contexto escolar, através da aplicação presencial, e analisar a associação dos scores com as notas escolares. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado em 170 adolescentes, usando o COGTEL em entrevistas presenciais, com um reteste após 6 meses para avaliar a fiabilidade teste-reteste. A validade preditiva foi avaliada com base nas notas escolares. A fiabilidade teste-reteste para o COGTEL foi boa (ICC = 0.77; p < .001). As correlações parciais, controlando pelo efeito da idade, entre o score total do COGTEL e as notas escolares foram moderadas e positivas (r = .40; p < .001). As notas escolares, individualmente, explicaram 42% e 36% da variância total no score total do COGTEL, em alunos do ensino básico e secundário, respetivamente. O presente estudo sugere que o COGTEL é um instrumento fiável e válido para avaliar o funcionamento cognitivo em adolescentes, com a vantagem de ser aplicável em múltiplos contextos.

Destrezas cognitivas en menores infractores, de protección y normalizados: un estudio de contraste / Cognitive skills in juvenile offenders, protection normalized youngsters: A contrastive study

Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer si los déficits en las destrezas cognitivas son una característica común de los menores infractores y de protección (en riesgo de desviación) y diferencial de la población de menores normalizada, se diseñó un estudio de campo. Para ello, se evaluaron la inteligencia emocional, el afrontamiento, la atribución de responsabilidad y el autoconcepto, a 450 menores colombianos entre 14 y 19 años: 150 menores infractores, 150 menores de protección y 150 de población normalizada. Los resultados mostraron que los menores infractores y los de protección tenían un déficit en atención a las emociones (inteligencia emocional), recurren más a estrategias desadaptativas para la resolución de problemas y comparten una definición negativa de sí mismos, y están menos satisfechos consigo mismos y de su comportamiento. No obstante, no se observa un sesgo hacia la atribución externa de la responsabilidad. Finalmente, se cuantifica porcentualmente la magnitud de los daños en las destrezas cognitivas. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la intervención con menores infractores y el diseño de programas de prevención con menores de protección.

Abstract A field study was designed with the aim of knowing if deficits in cognitive skills a common characteristic of the juvenile offenders and protection youngsters are i.e., children under social services protection (in risk of deviation), and a differential from normalized population. As for these 450 Colombian youngsters (150 juvenile offenders, 150 protection youngsters, and 150 from the normal population), aged from 14 to 19 years, were assessed in emotional intelligence, coping, responsivity attribution, and self-concept. The results showed that juvenile offenders and youngsters under protection had deficit in attention to the emotions (emotional intelligence), used more maladaptive strategies for problems solving, and shared a negative definition of their selves, were less satisfied with their sleeves and with their behaviour. Nonetheless, the expected bias to external responsivity attribution was not observed. Finally, the magnitude of the damages in cognitive skills was quantified. The implications of the results for the intervention with juvenile offenders and the design and implementation of prevention programs with protection youngsters are discussed.