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@#Introduction: The menstrual cycle in women is often associated with appetite control, mood, and behavioural changes due to hormonal imbalance. However, levels of sugar craving and stress during pre- and post-menstrual periods have not been thoroughly studied. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare levels of stress and sugar cravings during different phases of menstrual cycle among university students. Methods: Participants aged 19–25 years were assessed for sugar craving and stress during pre- and post-menstrual periods. They were requested to fill out the Sugar Craving Assessment Tool (SCAT) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaires on the first day of menses (the pre-menses phase) by recalling how they felt throughout the past seven days. The participants completed the same set of questionnaires again two days after their menses ended (post-menses phase) by recalling how they felt within the previous two days. Results: Ninety-three students participated in the study. Pre-menstrual SCAT score (40.0±19.6) was higher than post-menstrual SCAT score (32.1±19.4), t(91)=4.82, p<0.001. Mean PSS-10 score was also higher before menstruation (22.8±6.2) than after menstruation (17.5±6.1), t(91)=6.26, p<0.001. There was no significant difference in mean sugar craving scores of different stress categories, either during pre-menses [F(2,90)=1.39, p=0.256] or post-menses [F(2,90)=0.89, p=0.415]. Conclusion: The findings indicate that levels of sugar craving and stress were higher during pre-menstrual phase compared to post-menstrual phase in young adults. However, whether sugar cravings are linked to stress during the menstrual cycle is inconclusive and requires further investigation.
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Background: The knowledge of the proper use, disposal of sanitary pads, and its related side effects during menstruation is a vital aspect of a woman’s well-being. Use of sanitary pads appropriately and replacing them on time are essential practices needed to maintain menstrual hygiene. Failure to do so may lead to detrimental consequences that could affect the health of women and make them susceptible to reproductive tract infections. Objectives were to assess a range of factors considered by female about the usage of sanitary pads and the various methods employed regarding its disposal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to June 2018, in the city of Karachi, by students of Jinnah Sindh Medical University. A sampling technique was used to select 391 females. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, by convenience sampling. Response of the participants was acquired using a 5-point Likert scale.Results: In total, 391 females from the city took part in this study; their ages ranging between 15-45 years. 95.7% of these females preferred sanitary pads over cloth, tampons, menstrual cups and toilet paper. Many women using sanitary pads believed, pads should be replaced often while menstruating and failure to do so may increase the risk of contracting infections (p≤0.01).Conclusions: The findings showed that a significant number of women are aware of the risks associated with sanitary napkins and have adequate knowledge related to its proper usage. The study also presented no significant risk of adverse effects associated with the use of sanitary pads.
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Objective To analysis the correlation of the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies in female infertility and threatened a-bortion.Methods Selected 547 patients with female infertility,229 patietns with threatened abortion,229 patietns with ir-regular menses and 31 normal female between August 2013 to January 2014.All the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)were detected by ELISA.Detected the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)of 114 patients who treated with aspirin and prednisone combined with gamma globulin.Results The positive rate of anti-β2GP1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)of female infertility,threatened abortion,irregular menses and normal female were 0.36%,0.43%,1.6%,0% and 20.29%, 19.21%,8.3% and 3.2%,respectively.The positive rate of aβ2GP1-IgM of female infertility,threatened abortion,irregular menses were higher than normal female.The anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated female infertility were 47.14± 34.85 RU/ml and 31.14±27.64 RU/ml,respectively.The anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated threatened abortion were 37.75±31.20 RU/ml and 24.34±24.48 RU/ml,respectively.The levels of anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated patietns were significantly lower than before.Conclusion There was a close relationship between anti-β2GP1-IgM antibodies and female infertility and threatened abortion,anti-β2GP1-IgM antibodies maybe one of the immune factors for female infertility and threatened abortion.
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Objective To summary Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM Professor Xia GuiCheng's experience on treatment of infertility by the method of Tonifying the Kidney and Regulating the Period of Menses(TKRPM), meanwhile to observe the clinic curative effect of TKRPM combined with clomiphene for infertility.Methods The patients were randomly recruited into a TCM group and a TCM combined western medicine group by digital randomized methed,30 cases in each group.The TCM treated group was treated by the method of TKRPM, while the other group was treated by TCM combined with clomiphene. Both groups were treated for three months.Syndromes, basal body temperature, results of B ultrasonic, and hormone in serum were observed. Results In TCM treated group , the clinic effective rate was 93.3%, the pregnant ratio was 33.3%, mean-cure-time for pregnant was(8.20±2.35)months; while in TCM combined western medicine group, the clinic effective rate was 100%, the pregnant ratio was 20%, and mean-cure-time for pregnant was (5.17±1.72) months.The clinic effective rates (U=0.358) and the pregnant ratios (x2=1.346) of two groups were not markedly difference (P＞0.05), but the mean-cure-time for pregnant of the two groups was markedly difference(P＜0.05). Conclusion TKRPM combined with induction drugs can cure infertility in a shorter time than using TCM only. Western medicine improves endocrine environment,while traditional Chinese medicine regulates the relationship among kidney, TianGui and the uterus fundamentally. The method will be more acceptable to patients.
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Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Wuzangshu Point Injection on Menses Mood Abnormity (MMA). Methods 60 cases were randomly recruited into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 cases in each. In the treatment group, Wuzangshu (a series points of Piyu, Shenyu, Xinyu, Ganyu, Neiguan) were point injected with Compound Chinese Angelica Injection; and the control group was treated only with taking Chinese patent medicine. The clinical effect was evaluated after 3 months' treatment. Results The total effective rate was 96.7% in the treatment group, which was significantly better than 73.0% in the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Point injection at Wuzangshu points is effective in treating MMA, and this method is worthy of spreading.
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The percentage of mother who had full/exclusive breast-feeding for four months after birth are 50%, and only less than 15% continued full/exclusive breast-feeding for up to the first six months afier birth. The mean duration of full/exclusive breast-feeding is 3.3 months. The median time of the resumption of menses in this study is 186 days (CI: 177-195 days). The median time of resumption of menses significantly associated with both the mean duration of full/exclusive breast-feeding and the average suckling frequency. The longer the mean duration of full/exclusive breast-feeding and the more the average of suckling frequency, the longer the median time of resumption of menses. The median time of resumption of menses in respondent who practiced full/exclusive breast-feeding up to three and more than three months are 149 (CI: 121-177) and 199 (CI: 186-212) days, respectively. And in the mothers who breast fed their infant for up to six times and more than 6 times per day the median time of resumption of menses are 125 (CI: 90-160) and 191 (CI: 181-201) days, respectively.