ABSTRACT
Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar el componente de salud mental presente en las mallas curriculares de los programas universitarios de psicología, trabajo social, medicina, enfermería y terapia ocupacional en Colombia, 2015. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, para el cual se hizo uso de fuentes documentales, como las mallas curriculares de los programas y la información descriptiva de los mismos ofrecidas en sus páginas web, y de un grupo de discusión con representantes de las disciplinas en cuestión; participaron 321 programas universitarios que para 2015 se encontraban activos en el Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior. Se encuentra que la formación en salud mental no es tema de interés explícito en los planes de formación curricular, constituyéndose por lo tanto en un contenido abordado dentro de otros temas más generales, lo que permite concluir que los retos para la formación en salud mental que se infieren de la ley colombiana de salud mental, no son acogidos suficientemente.
This article presents the results of a research that aimed at analyzing the mental health component present in the curriculum of the Psychology, Social Work, Medicine, Nursing and Occupational Therapy university programs in Colombia, in 2015. It is a descriptive qualitative study, for which documentary sources were used such as the curriculum of the programs and the descriptive information offered on their web pages, and a discussion group with representatives of the disciplines in question. A total of 321 university programs that by 2015 were active in the National Information System of Higher Education participated in the study. It was found that training in mental health is not a topic of explicit interest in curricular training plans, thus constituting a content addressed within other more general topics, which allows concluding that the challenges for training in mental health inferred from the Colombian Mental Health Law, are not sufficiently spread.
Este artigo apresenta os resultados duma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar o componente de saúde mental presente nas matrizes curriculares dos programas universitários de psicologia, trabalho social, medicina, enfermagem e terapia ocupacional na Colômbia, 2015. Trata-se dum estudo qualitativo descritivo, para o qual se fez uso de fontes documentais, como as matrizes curriculares dos programas e a informação descritiva das mesmas oferecidas em suas páginas web, e dum grupo de discussão com representantes das disciplinas em questão; participaram 321 programas universitários que para 2015 se encontravam ativos no Sistema Nacional de Informação da Educação Superior. Encontra-se que a formação em saúde mental não é tema de interesse explícito nos planos de formação curricular, constituindo-se portanto em um conteúdo abordado dentro de outros temas mais gerais, o que permite concluir que os retos para a formação em saúde mental que se inferem da lei colombiana de saúde mental, não são aceitados suficientemente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Training , Mental Health , CurriculumABSTRACT
Existe grande dificuldade entre profissionais de saúde mental em lidar com atos agressivos e violentos manifestados pelos pacientes. Isso pode ocorrer em função do escasso conhecimento sobre esse tema e suas possibilidades de manejo. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar a percepção e a compreensão dos profissionais de saúde mental sobre os conceitos de violência e agressividade e a forma com tais profissionais lidam com atos violentos e agressivos quando são apresentados por pacientes de um CAPS II do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia usada neste foi do tipo qualitativa descritivo-analítica e sua abordagem foi o estudo de caso de uma instituição de saúde mental no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados 10 prontuários de pacientes que ingressaram no serviço em 2013 para identificar a ocorrência dos termos violência e agressividade e, se apareciam de forma distinta ou equivalente. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade com profissionais que atuam no CAPS, abordando tópicos norteadores previamente construídos. O estudo dos prontuários revelou um não dito sobre acontecimentos que envolvem violência. A análise das entrevistas sugeriu que os profissionais puderam interpretar situações de agressividade e violência respeitando a singularidade dos sujeitos e tomando os atos como mensagem que lhes são endereçadas com fins construtivos, tal qual propõe a teoria psicanalítica sobre agressividade. Espera-se que os resultados da presente pesquisa possam contribuir para as intervenções em saúde mental quando estas envolvem agressividade e violência por parte pacientes.
There is a substantial difficulty among mental health professionals to deal withaggressive and violent acts expressed by their patients. This difficulty can be explained by lack of knowledge on the subject and its management possibilities. This research aimed to investigate theperception and understanding of mental health professionals over the concepts of violence andaggression as well as how such professionals deal with violent and aggressive attitudes when they a represented by patients of Social and Psychological Care Center, Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II (CAPS II) of Rio de Janeiro state. The chosen methodology was the qualitative descriptive-analytical pattern and the approach was the study case of a CAPS II from Rio de Janeiro state. Ten madical records of patients who entered the service in 2013 were analyzed in order to identify theoccurrence of the specific expressions violence and aggressiveness, and if these words appeared in different or equivalent meanings. Also, semi- structured interviews were conducted in depth envolving professionals who work in CAPSII. Guiding topics previously builtwere used. The analysis of the records revealed unspoken events related to violence. The analysis ofthe interviews underpinned the theory that the professionals could interpret situations of aggressionand violence regarding the uniqueness of the subject and assimilating such acts as messages addressed to them with constructive purposes, as suggested by the psychoanalytic theoryof aggression. It is expected that the results of this research could contribute to mental health interventions when related to patient´s aggression and violence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aggression , Mental Disorders , Mental Health Services , Professional-Patient Relations , ViolenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate community mental health professionals and hospital workers attitude and awareness towards suicide. METHODS: This study investigated 264 community mental health professionals and 228 hospital workers. SOQs (Suicidal Opinion Questionnaires) were used from July 2007 to September 2007. After a factor analysis for the attitude towards suicide, the items on ethics, mental illness, religion, risk, and motivation were included in the subsequent analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the attitude towards suicide according to religion, age, educational background, the marriage status, the economic position, and different professional licenses. Hospital workers' view was different from the community workers'. The hospital workers judged that suicide was due to mental illness, and suicide was high for the people in a special environment and who lacked motivation, which caused them to fall in a dangerous situation. For the lower educational group, they thought that suicide was attributable to mental illness. The awareness for suicide was significantly higher in the group with a postgraduate education, unmarried people, mental health professionals and the persons who had concern and experience with suicide. The factors that had an influence on the awareness of suicide were the items of mental illness, religion, risk and motivational factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the factors to increase the awareness and attitude for suicide were the experience of increased education and case management of suicide. Therefore, education dealing with suicide and reinforcement of crisis management programs should be developed.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Attitude of Health Personnel , Awareness , Community Mental Health Services , Health Personnel/psychology , Korea , Personnel, Hospital/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , SuicideABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Training group with mental health professionals includes didactic process, experience as a member(patient) and a leader(therapist). It is divided into four parts as like 1) lecture, case conference, book reading and seminar about theory and practice, 2) observation, 3) training group(including workshop), and 4) supervision. Among them, the training group and the supervision have been accepted as the most effective methods. Authors have developed and practiced the training group model for mental health professionals including psychiatric residents which aim for the activation of group psychotherapy in mental health area, psychiatrists' initiative in group psychotherapy area, and the training and nurturing of qualified mental health professionals. The objectives of this study are as follows;firstly, we examine the change of defense mechanism and ego function after performing group psychotherapy for mental health professionals;secondly, we analyze the therapeutic factors reported that participants were helped;thirdly, we analyze main features which include group content and process manifested in training group:lastly, we have objectives that the training group is settled down as an effective educational method to foster the personal growth and qualification as a specialist, and also that this study provides a basic research data to set up the training program and the requirements for group psychotherapy. METHODS: This study was performed 5 times from 1997 to 2000. The participants were composed of 37 mental health professionals including psychiatric residents. Among them, 29 participants(male 2, female 27) were chosen as the final subjects except 9 participants dropped out in the process of this study. At first, we take an application of pre-treatment/post-treatment experimental design to evaluate the personality change after performing the training group. EDMT(Ewha Defence Mechanism Test) and EC(Egogram Checklist), the objective questionnaires, were used as the evaluation scale. And 13-therapeutic factor scale and simple subjective questionnaires were performed just after each session and the self-report total assessment questionnaires were performed at the end of this study. RESULTS: To compare mean scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment in EDMT, the mature defense was increased significantly, the immature defense was decreased significantly, and the narcissistic defense and neurotic defense were not changed significantly. To compare mean scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment in EC, Nurturing Parent(NP), Adult(A) and Free Child(FC) were increased significantly. Therapeutic factors ranked highly were interpersonal learning, existential factor, Identification with therapist, catharsis, and socializing technique in order. The total assessment questionnaires reported that the 100% of participants were helped, the 48.3% of participants were changed in their lives, the 89.7% of participants would propose training group to others positively, and the 58.6% of participants had minds to join this kind of program if given again for them. CONCLUSIONS: This result showed that the defense mechanism and ego function of participants were changed. The training group experience makes participants reflect themselves, examine their conflicts and understand others. That also gives them chances of improving insight about group phenomena and understanding about therapeutic factors essential to the mental health professionals, having confidence on the group therapy by learning leadership and techniques, and improving understanding about the psychotherapy on the whole. Therefore, it is needed in the future that the training group would be widely adapted as an educational tool of psychotherapy and group psychotherapy for the mental health professionals as well as psychiatric residents in mental health area.