Analysis of visual scores of brain magnetic resonance imaging features of dementia with Lewy bodies / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To assess the practical value of visual scores of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features in the diagnosis and classification of dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB).Methods:In this study, 102 DLB patients were prospectively recruited, with 102 cognitively normal elderly people as the normal control group(NC).All included subjects underwent MRI examinations and neuropsychological assessments.Based on the clinical dementia rating(CDR)scale, DLB patients were divided into a mild(CDR=1.0), a moderate(CDR=2.0)and a severe(CDR=3.0)group.The results of MRI were scored visually and the rating scales included medial temporal lobe atrophy(MTA), global cortical atrophy-frontal subscale(GCA-F), posterior cortical atrophy(PCA), white matter lesions(the Fazekas scale), cerebral microbleeds(CMBs), and the Evans Index(EI).Statistical differences were compared between the DLB and NC groups and between DLB patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment.Results:In terms of neuropsychology, the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) score of the DLB group[16.0(11.0, 21.0)]was statistically significantly lower than that of the NC group[29.0(28.0, 30.0)]( Z=-12.31, P<0.001), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score of the DLB group[9.5(6.0, 15.0)]was statistically significantly lower than that of the NC group[28.0(27.0, 29.0)]( Z=-12.40, P<0.001), and the Activities of Daily Living(ADL)score of the DLB group[32.0(23.8, 40.0)]was statistically significantly higher than that of the NC group[20.0(20.0, 20.0)]( Z=-11.98, P<0.001).The scores of all MRI visual assessment scales in DLB patients were statistically significantly higher than those in the NC group( P<0.001).There were significant differences in MTA scores between DLB patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment( P0<0.001).The MTA score of the mild group[1.0(1.0, 1.0)]was statistically significantly lower than that of the moderate group[2.0(1.0, 2.0)]( P1<0.001, P2<0.001); The MTA score of the moderate group[2.0(1.0, 2.0)]was statistically significantly lower than that of the severe group[2.0(2.0, 3.0)]( P1=0.003, P2=0.010). Conclusions:This study has for the first time after comprehensively evaluated the value of various visual scores in DLB diagnosis, MTA can be used to help diagnose DLB and distinguish the severity of DLB, providing a new supplemental tool for clinical diagnosis.

Early and late interventional embolization can improve neurological function, mental state and living ability of patients with intracranial aneurysm / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application value of early and late interventional embolization in intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Eighty-two patients with intracranial aneurysm who received treatment in Wenzhou People's Hospital from October 2015 to February 2020 were included in this study. These patients were divided into early (≤ 3 days) and late (> 3 days) groups, with 41 patients in each group, according to time from disease onset to surgery. The early group was subjected to early interventional embolization, and the late group was treated with late interventional embolization. The effects of embolization and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score pre- and post-treatment, as well as modified Barthel index, Mini-Mental State Exam score, matrix metalloproteinase-9 level, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 level post-treatment and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results:The embolization effects in the early group were statistically superior to those in the late group ( P = 0.046). After treatment, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in the early group was significantly lower than that in the late group [(4.02 ± 1.64) points vs. (6.81 ± 2.02) points, t = 6.86, P < 0.01]. Mini-Mental State Exam score and modified Barthel index in the early group were (28.09 ± 1.35) points and (81.12 ± 9.67) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than (26.01 ± 1.19) points and (73.02 ± 8.19) points in the late group ( t = 7.40, 4.09, both P < 0.001). After treatment, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in the early group were (420.33 ± 29.40) μg/L and (403.70 ± 23.28) ug/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (491.30 ± 31.19) μg/mL and (496.37 ± 30.46) μg/L in the late group ( t = 10.60, 15.47, both P < 0.001). Prognosis in the early group was superior to that in the late group ( P = 0.049). Conclusion:Early interventional embolization has better efficacy than late interventional embolization in the treatment of intracranial aneurysm. The former can effectively improve neurological function and mental state, enhance living ability, and improve prognosis, which may be related to the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels.

Correlation between cognitive function and living ability of older adult patients living in a mining community / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and living ability of older adult patients living in a mining community.Methods:A total of 180 older adult patients living in a mining community who received treatment during July-October 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into the low-age group (< 68 years old, n = 94) and the high-age group (≥ 68 years old, n = 86). Cognitive function and living ability were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL). The relationship between cognitive function and living ability was investigated using hierarchical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The proportions of older adult patients with abnormal cognitive function identified by the MMSE and MoCA were 39.4% and 66.0%, respectively in the low-age group, and they were 32.6% and 61.6%, respectively in the high-age group. The MoCA had a greater performance in identifying abnormal cognitive function in each group than the MMSE ( χ2 = 26.69, 10.18, both P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in proportions of older adult patients with abnormal cognitive function identified by the MMSE and MoCA between low-age and high-age groups ( χ2 = 0.90, 0.36, both P > 0.05). The proportion of older adult patients with abnormal living ability was not significantly different between low-age and high-age groups (4.3% vs. 10.5%, χ2 = 2.58, P > 0.05). Compared with patients negative for MMSE items, living ability and instrumental activity of daily living increased by 7.0% and 9.4% in low-age patients positive for MMSE items (both P < 0.05). Compared with patients negative for MoCA items, living ability increased by 3.5% in low-age patients positive for MoCA items ( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that total scores of MMSE and MoCA were significantly negatively correlated with ADL score ( r = -0.26, -0.27, both P < 0.001) and instrumental activity of daily living score ( r = -0.27, -0.27, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Cognitive function and living ability are correlated in older adult patients living in a mining community. We should pay attention to the screening results of cognitive disorder in older adult patients and improve their living ability by improving their cognitive function.

Efficacy of the Mini-Mental State Examination versus the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in screening cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the Mini-Mental State Scale (MMSE) versus the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) in screening cognitive impairment in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction. Methods:138 eligible patients who received treatment in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Datong University from January 2018 to October 2019 were recruited for this study. They received cognitive function evaluation by the MMSE and MoCA. These patients were grouped according to the median number of age or the median number of years of education. The sensitivity and consistency of the MMSE versus MoCA in screening cognitive impairment in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction were analyzed using the χ2 test. The total cognitive scores of the MMSE and MoCA, and the scores of each cognitive domain such as memory, execution, visual space, attention, language, and orientation, were compared between groups using multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The sensitivity of MoCA in screening for cognitive impairment in low-age, high-age, low-year-education, and high-year-education groups and the whole population of patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction was 76.5%, 75.7%, 74.2%, 77.8%, 76.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of MMSE (44.1%, 65.7%, 60.6%, 50.0%, 55.1%, χ2 = 12.17, 13.13, 9.33, 15.75, 23.86, all P < 0.01). The Kappa coefficients of low-age, high-age, low-year-education and high-year-education groups were 0.336, 0.391, 0.358, 0.389, and 0.373, respectively, all of which were less than 0.4 (all P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the consistency of the two scales in screening cognitive impairment is poor. The cognitive impairment detection rate by the MMSE was significantly higher in the high-age group than in the low-age group (65.7% vs. 44.1%, χ2 = 6.50, P < 0.05). The total cognitive scores of MMSE and MoCA and the scores of memory, execution, visual space, attention, language, and orientation in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction were significantly lower in the high-age group or low-year-education group than in the low-age group ( tMMSE = 3.61, 2.49, 3.12, 4.26, 1.70, 3.69, 2.24, all P < 0.01; tMoCA = 3.83, 1.75, 3.28, 3.80, 2.21, 4.08, 2.52, all P < 0.05) or high-year-education group ( tMMSE = -2.87, -2.32, -0.85, -2.54, -0.73, -2.57, -2.96, all P < 0.01; tMoCA = -2.95, -1.12, -3.39, -1.54, -1.52, -3.09, -3.02, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Combined application of MMSE and MoCA has a high clinical value in screening cognitive impairment in patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction. High-age patients with a lacunar cerebral infarction who receive low-year education have memory, execution, visual space, attention, language, and orientation impairments.

Evaluación de las características operativas de la versión 2. 2018 del instrumento de evaluación del malestar emocional de la National Comprehensive Cancer Network en pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá / Assessment of the operational characteristics of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network distress management tool, v. 2.2018, in patients seen at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá

Resumen | Introducción. Los pacientes con cáncer presentan niveles significativos de malestar emocional. La National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) desarrolló un instrumento (Distress Management) para evaluarlo de forma rápida en pacientes oncológicos. Para su utilización en Colombia, se hizo la adaptación transcultural y se validó. Objetivo. Determinar las características operativas del instrumento de malestar emocional, versión 2.2018, en pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Materiales y métodos. Previa autorización de la NCCN, se procedió a la traducción, adaptación transcultural y evaluación de las características operativas del instrumento. Se incluyeron 343 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, quienes diligenciaron el instrumento adaptado transculturalmente. Se efectuó un estudio de prueba diagnóstica como patrón de referencia mediante una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados. Los pacientes tenían una edad promedio de 49,7 años (DE=15) y la mayoría (67 %) eran mujeres. El instrumento tuvo un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,81 (IC95% 0,77-0,86); el punto de corte óptimo fue de 3,5, el cual se aproximó a 4; la sensibilidad fue de 0,81 (IC95% 0,76-0,85) y la especificidad de 0,69 (IC95% 0,64-0,74). El porcentaje de acuerdo entre el resultado de la entrevista y el instrumento fue de 73 % (kappa=0,64; p<0,001). Conclusiones. El instrumento de malestar emocional permitió detectar el malestar emocional moderado a grave que requiere intervención y manejo. Este instrumento fue adaptado y validado en pacientes con cáncer en Colombia, conservándose el punto de corte en ≥4 como en la versión original.

Abstract | Introduction: Cancer patients have significant levels of emotional distress. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) developed the distress management tool to quickly assess significant distress in oncological patients who require intervention. For its use in Colombia, we made its cross-cultural adaptation and validation. Objective: To determine the operative characteristics of the distress management tool, version 2.2018, in patients seen at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) in Colombia. Materials and methods: Counting with the authorization from the NCCN, we translated, made the cross-cultural adaptation, and evaluated the operational characteristics of the tool. We included 343 cancer patients seen at the INC, who filled out the cross-culturally adapted instrument. A diagnostic test study was carried out with a semi-structured interview as a reference. Results: The patients had an average age of 49.7 years (SD=15) and the majority were women (67%). The instrument had an area under the ROC curve of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77 - 0.86); its optimal cut-off point was 3.5 approached to 4 when using integers on the scale; its sensitivity was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76 - 0.85), and its specificity, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.64 - 0.74). The agreement percentage between the result of the interview and the instrument was 73% (kappa = 0.64; p< 0.001). Conclusions: The distress management tool allowed for the detection of moderate to severe distress requiring intervention and management. This instrument was adapted and validated in cancer patients in Colombia keeping the cutoff point at ≥ 4 as in the original version.

Observation on clinical effect of tuina plus Western medication for functional dyspepsia due to liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of tuina plus Western medication for functional dyspepsia (FD) due to liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency.Methods:A total of 72 patients in conformity with the inclusion criteria of FD were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group based upon the random number table,36 cases in each group.The control group was treated with mosapride citrate dispersible tablets,and the observation group was treated with the same tablets plus tuina.Before the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment,the clinical symptoms,quality of life (QOL) and depression severity were observed by the scale,and were followed up two months later after the treatment for assessment of the clinical effects.Results:After the treatment and at the follow-up,the symptom scores of FD and the sores of Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) in both groups decreased,and the scores in Chinese version of quality of life questionnaire for functional digestive disorders (Chin-FDDQL) increased,with statistically significant differences in comparison with the same group before the treatment (all P＜0.05).In comparison between the two groups at the same time point after the treatment,the scores of FD symptoms,HAMD and Chin-FDDQL were improved better in the observation group than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences (all P＜0.05).The total effective rates at the follow-up were 91.7％ in the observation group and 75.0％ in the control group,without statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The rate of clinical cure and remarkable effect was 66.7％ in the observation group,higher than 41.7％ in the control group,it is higher in the observation group than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Tuina plus Western medication is precise in the therapeutic effects for FD due to liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency and can effectively relieve clinical symptoms,elevate the QOL and alleviate depression severity of the patients.Moreover,it's better than the treatment by Western medication alone in the long-term therapeutic effects.

Efficacy evaluation on electroacupuncture for Alzheimer's disease / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A total of 50 AD patients were randomly allocated into a Western medication (WM) group (n=25) and an acupuncture plus medication (APM) group (n=25). Patients in the WM group took oral huperzine A capsules. In addition to huperzine A capsules, patients in the APM group also received EA at Shenting (GV 24), Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Fengfu (GV 16), Mingmen (GV 4) and Yongquan (KI 1). The needles on the above points were connected to G6805-Ⅱelectric stimulator [3 pairs: Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20); Dazhui (GV 14) and Fengfu (GV 16); and bilateral Yongquan (KI 1)]. The needles were retained 25 min. The treatment was done once a day, and 10 times made up a course of treatment. The patients received a total of 3 treatment courses. There was a 3-day interval between two courses. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa dementia scale revised (HDS-R) were conducted before and after treatment. The clinical efficacies were evaluated when the treatment was completed. Results: Before treatment, there were no between-group statistical differences in MMSE and HDS-R scores (both P>0.05). After treatment, the MMSE and HDS-R scores in the APM group were significantly higher than those in the WM group (both P<0.05). The total effective rate in the APM group was 88.0%, versus 76.0% in the WM group, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: EA is effective for AD and can improve clinical symptoms in AD patients.

Factors and validity analysis of Mini-Mental State Examination in Chinese elderly people / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To examine factors that may have impact on the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE) screening validity, which could lead to further establishing the general model of the MMSE score in Chinese health elderly and to improve the screening accuracy of the existing MMSE reference. Methods:Based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey ( CLHLS ) , the MMSE scores of 19 117 normal elderly and 137 dementia patients who met the inclusion criteria were used for the analysis. The area under the curve ( AUC) and validity indexes were used to compare the screening accuracy of various criteria. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors that had impact on the MMSE score for both the normal and dementia elderly. Descriptive analysis was performed for differences in the MMSE scores by age trends and gender between the normal and dementia elderly. Results:The AUC of MMSE was≥0 . 75 ( P<0 . 05 ) . The MMSE score of the normal elderly declined nonlinearly as the age grew older(male:R2 =0. 924, P<0. 05; female: R2 =0. 951, P<0. 05), and increased nonlinearly as the education level rose(male: R2 =0. 948, P <0. 05; female: R2 =0. 859, P<0. 05). The females had significantly lower MMSE scores than the males, with a faster decline trend with age than the males (95%CI of female partial regression coefficient was not overlapped with 95%CI of male partial regression coefficient) . The dementia elderly showed a much lower MMSE score ( male:difference of Z score:-1 . 573 , P<0 . 05;female:difference of Z score:-1 . 222 , P<0 . 05 ) and ten-ded to with a faster decline speed than that of the normal elderly (95%CI of dementia partial regression coefficient included 95%CI of normal partial regression coefficient) . Conclusion:The screening validity of MMSE in CLHLS is not affected by educational level. The analysis of factors that may impact on the MMSE screening validity are gender, age, vision and residence which with validity identification. These four fac-tors can be used as assist tool of MMSE in the screening of dementia to improve the screening accuracy.

Frequência de transtornos mentais em pacientes obesos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica por meio de Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para Transtornos do DSM (SCID-I/P) / Frequency of mental disorders among obese patients seeking bariatric surgery through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-I/P)

Antecedentes: Segundo as projeções da Organização Mundial de Saúde para o século XXI, as doenças não comunicáveis (DNT) serão responsáveis pelas maiores cargas das doenças no globo. As doenças cardiovasculares e os transtornos neuropsiquiátricos destacam-se como os dois principais grupos de agravos de saúde entre as DNT. O sobrepeso e a obesidade são considerados precursores e fatores agravantes de doenças cardiovasculares, cuja prevalência tem crescido ao redor do mundo, demandando esforços públicos para deter o seu crescimento e minimizar os seus efeitos deletérios. Os transtornos mentais, por sua vez, representam quase um terço das cargas da incapacitação resultante entre todas as DNT. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a frequência de transtornos mentais numa amostra de indivíduos obesos que procuraram um hospital universitário com o intuito de se submeter à cirurgia bariátrica para controlar ou reduzir o excesso do peso corporal. Objetivo: Estimar, por meio de entrevista padronizada, a frequência de transtornos mentais e fatores correlacionados entre os pacientes obesos que procuram a cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 393 pacientes obesos grau III, candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. Foram recrutados a partir de um centro universitário de cirurgia bariátrica. Clínicos treinados avaliaram os participantes por meio da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV Axis I Diagnóstico (SCID-I/P) e as seguintes escalas de avaliação: HCL (Manic Symptoms Checklist), MDQ (Mood Disorders Questionnarie), MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), M-A QoLII (Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II). A amostra foi composta por 79,1% de mulheres; média de idade 43 anos e média de IMC: 47,8 kg/m². Resultados: A frequência de alguns transtornos mentais ao longo da vida foi 80,9% (81,7% homens e 80,7% mulheres). A taxa de frequência de transtornos mentais no momento da entrevista foi 57,8% (57,6% homens e 58,5%...

Background: According to the World Health Organization's projections for the 21st. century, non-communicable diseases (NCD) will account for the largest burden of diseases in the world. Cardiovascular diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders stand out as the two main groups of health problems among the NCD. Overweight and obesity are considered precursors and aggravating factors of cardiovascular disease, whose prevalence has grown around the world, claiming for public efforts to stop its growth and minimize its harmful effects. Mental disorders, in turn, account for nearly one-third of the burden of disability resulting from all NCD. The aim of the present investigation is to estimate the frequency of mental disorders in a sample of obese individuals who sought a university hospital in order to undergo bariatric surgery to control or reduce the excess of body weight. Objective: To estimate, through a standardized interview, the frequency of mental disorders and correlated factors among obese patients seeking bariatric surgery. Methods: The sample was composed of 393 treatment-seeking obese patients (79.1% women; mean age 43.0 years, mean BMI: 47.8 kg/m2), who were recruited from a university-based bariatric center. Trained clinicians assessed the participants through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Diagnosis (SCID-I/P). HCL (Manic Symptoms Cheklist), MDQ (Mood Disorders Questionnarie), MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), M-A QoLII (Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II). Results: The lifetime rate of any mental disorders was 80.9% (81.7% men vs. 80.7% women). Lifetime affective disorders were the most frequent diagnosis (total 64.9%, bipolar disorders 35.6%, and depressive disorders 29.3%). Among those respondents presenting any lifetime mental disorders, about half of the sample presented 3 or more concurrent disorders. The rate of current frequency of any mental disorders was 57.8% (57.6% men vs. 58.5% women)....

Comparação entre a prevalência de transtornos mentais empacientes obesos e com sobrepeso / Comparison between the prevalence of mental disorders in obese andoverweight patients

Objetivos: Avaliar as características sociodemográficas e a prevalência de transtornos mentais em pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade.Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo incluídos pacientes com índice de massa corporal ?25 kg/m2, atendidos no ambulatório de endocrinologia entre 2008 e 2010. Utilizou-se instrumento estruturado para o diagnóstico psiquiátrico e critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde na definição de índice da massa corporal e circunferência de cintura.Resultados: Foram entrevistados 153 pacientes, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (86,9%). Observou-se sobrepeso em 38,6% dos casos, obesidade em 46,4% e obesidade grave em 15%. Transtornos de ansiedade ocorreram em 49,2% dos pacientes com sobrepeso e em 67% dos obesos (p<0,05). Transtornos depressivos ocorreram em 22,7% dos pacientes com circunferência da cintura aumentada e em 49,6% dos que tinham circunferência da cintura muito aumentada (p<0,05). Obesidade grave associou-se com risco para fobia social (p=0,001, OR=4,8 IC95% 1,7-13,5), perturbação de pânico atual com agorafobia (p=0,02, OR=3,7 IC95% 1,1-12,4) e distimia (p=0,006, OR=6,6 IC95% 1,5-28,7).Conclusões: Transtornos ansiosos foram mais prevalentes em pacientes obesos quando comparados aos pacientes com sobrepeso, alguns transtornos psíquicos associaram-se a obesidade grave e transtornos depressivos foram mais prevalentes em pacientes com circunferência da cintura muito aumentada. Estes resultados reafirmam a importância de considerar a abordagem psiquiátrica no manejo clínico da obesidade.

Aims: To assess the sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of mental disorders in patients with overweight and obesity.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and included patients with body mass index ? 25 kg/m2, attended at the endocrinology outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2010. We used a structured instrument for the psychiatric diagnosis and criteria of the World Health Organization definition of body mass index and waist circumference.Results: There were 153 respondents, the majority being female (86.9%). Overweight was observed in 38.6% of cases, obesity and severe obesity 46.4% 15%. Anxiety disorders occurred in 49.2% of overweight patients and 67% of obese subjects (p <0.05). Depressive disorders occurred in 22.7% of patients with increased waist circumference and 49.6% of those who had greatly increased waist circumference (p <0.05). Severe obesity was associated with risk for social phobia (p=0.001, OR=4.8, 95%CI 1.7-13.5), current panic disorder with agoraphobia (p=0.02, OR=3.7, 95%CI 1.1-12.4) and dysthymia (p=0.006, OR=6.6, 95%CI 1.5-28.7).Conclusions: Anxiety disorders were more prevalent in obese patients when compared to overweight patients, some mental disorders were associated with severe obesity, and depressive disorders were more prevalent in patients with severely increased waist circumference. These results reaffirm the importance of considering the psychiatric approach in the clinical management of obesity.

Preliminary application of MMSE cognitive assessment in the patients with glioma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To observe the application of the mini-mental status examination (MMSE)cognitive assessment in the patients with brain glioma before and after surgery. Methods Using MMSE,36 pastients with primary brain glioma were subjected to the cognitive assessment before surgery, after surgery,and 3 monthsr after surgery. Results The quantitative cognitive assessments with MMSE before surgery revealed the hidden cognitive dysfunction patients.The quantitative cognitive assessments after surgery showed that surgeons might need to protect the non-function area and to form the idea of cognitive function in patients with glioma.Conclusion MMSE assessment is a simple,understandably,and convenient method having good compliance of patient. It may be effectively used to assess cognitive impairment for patients with glioma and worth being studied continuously and used widely in the clinic practice.

Perfil de comorbidade psiquiátrica em pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV, HTLV e doença de chagas acompanhados em um ambulatório de psiquiatria / Psychiatric comorbidity profile in HIV- infected, HTLVinfected and chagas disease patients followed in an outpatient psychiatry clinic

Doenças infecciosas crônicas podem causar ou agravar transtornos mentaisem decorrência de efeitos diretos no sistema nervoso central, como respostaindividual ao adoecimento, alteração da imunidade com surgimento de infecçõesoportunistas ou em função de efeitos colaterais do tratamento específico. O objetivodo presente estudo foi avaliar as características clínicas, sociodemográficas, o perfilde comorbidade psiquiátrica e de alterações cognitivas em pacientes ambulatoriaiscom diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV, HTLV e doença de Chagas do Instituto dePesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Trata-se deum estudo seccional com uma amostra consecutiva de 125 pacientes encaminhadosao ambulatório de psiquiatria no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2010. A coletade dados foi realizada por meio de fichas padronizadas incluindo informações sobrecaracterísticas sociodemográficas e clínicas e aplicação dos instrumentos MiniInternational Neuropsychiatric Interview- versão Plus (MINI-Plus 5.0) paradiagnósticos psiquiátricos e Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para rastreio dedéficit cognitivo, ambos validados para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Foi realizadauma análise descritiva com frequências simples e medidas de dispersão de variáveissociodemográficas e clínicas, dos diagnósticos obtidos pelo MINI-Plus e alteraçãocognitiva detectada pelo MEEM segundo o ponto de corte proposto pela SociedadeBrasileira de Neurologia. A associação entre as variáveis categóricassociodemográficas / clínicas e os transtornos mentais mais prevalentes e a alteraçãodo MEEM, foi avaliada utilizando-se os testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher eteste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney para variáveis contínuas. Foram estimadas asrazões de chance (OR) com respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%)...

Chronic infectious diseases can cause or exacerbate mental disorders due todirect effects on the central nervous system, as individual response to illness,changes in immunity and onset of opportunistic infections or because of treatmentside effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, sociodemographicprofile of psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment in HIV-infected, HTLVinfected,and Chagas disease patients from the Evandro Chagas Clinical ResearchInstitute (IPEC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. This is a cross-sectional study with aconsecutive sample of 125 patients referred to psychiatric outpatient clinic fromFebruary to December 2010. Data collection was performed using standardizedforms including information on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. MiniInternational Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus 5.0) and Mini Mental StateExamination (MMSE) were administered to assess psychiatric diagnoses andcognitive impairment screening, respectively. Both instruments were validated forPortuguese language. A descriptive analysis was performed with simple frequenciesand measures of dispersion of demographic and clinical variables, diagnosesobtained by the MINI-Plus and cognitive impairment detected by MMSE according toa cutoff point proposed by the Brazilian Society of Neurology. The associationbetween categorical variables and demographic / clinical and mental disorder andchanges in MMSE was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher exact test, andStudent t test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables...

Evaluation of using Montreal Cognitive Assessment in patients with Parkinson' s disease with cognitive impairment / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To examine the application of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in Parkinson' s disease (PD) patients with normal general cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) evaluation.Methods PD patients were examined with MMSE, and those having a normal ageand education-adjusted MMSE score were included in the further study of MoCA testing.The patients with MoCA score not less than 26 were selected into normal control PD-NC group, and the patients with less than 26 into cognitive impaired PD-CI group.Scores of MoCA subtests were used in PD-CI group and PD-NC group to characterize cognitive changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MoCA score in PD-CI group used as dependent variable, and sex, educational level, age, course of disease, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Self-rating depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Unified Parkinson' s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were used as independent variable, the risk factors of CI in PD patients was analysed by Linear Regression Analysis.Results There are 52.6% (112/213) PD patients with MMSE ≥ 26 while their MoCA < 26.Significant differences were observed in subtests of MoCA in visuospatial, executive, naming, attention,language, abstract, delayed recall and orientation between PD-CI group and PD-NC group (all P <0.01).Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that educational level is the most significant factor in PD-CI (OR:0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.81, P < 0.05).Conclusions There is a high proportion of PD patients whose MMSE test showed normal but MoCA test showed cognitive impairment.MoCA examination was used to detect cognitive function of PD patients.Furthermore we suggest consider the education level in PD patients when evaluate their cognitive function.

The impact of nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy on anxiety and depression of patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To explore the impact of nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy on anxiety and depression of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and analyze the related factors.Methods Before nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy,1 year and 2 years after antiviral therapy,120 CHB patients were investigated with self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS).The demography data of patients were collected.Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and other biochemical indicators were measured regularly.Results Before nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy,1 year and 2 years after antiviral therapy,both the mean scores of SAS and SDS became lower gradually (F=12.661 and 22.395,respectively;both P＜0.01).The percentage of patients with SAS and SDS scores more than 50 were 5.8％,4.2％,1.7％ and 13.3％,7.5％,5.0％,respectively.After 2 years of therapy,the anxiety improvement rate of the patients obtained HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL was 69.0％,while those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL was 22.2％ (x2 =22.325,P＜0.01).Meanwhile,after 2 years of therapy,the depression improvement rate of the patients obtained HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL was 77.4％,while those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL was 22.2％ (x2 =32.179,P＜0.01).Multiple factors Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios (OR) of improvement of anxiety and depression in patients with HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL were 7.751 (95％ CI:3.026-19.853) and 15.069(95％ CI:5.309-42.770),respectively,compared with those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL; and OR of improvement of depression in patients with ALT≤40 U/L waa 4.103 (95％ CI: 1.376 - 12.238).Conclusions Nucleos(t) ide analogue antiviral therapy could improve the anxiety and depression of CHB patients.The HBV DNA negativity is the independent impact factor of improvement of anxiety and depression in CHB the patients.

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Study of Cerebral White Matter in Alzheimer's Disease / 天津医药

Objective:To elucidate the changes in apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)by quantify diffusion weighted (DW)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in patients with Alzbeimer's disease(AD),and the relationship between micro-structure changes of white matter(WM)and the cognitive impairment thereof.Methods:The DW-MRI was performed in 30 probable AD patients and 30 normal controls with normal-appearing white matter(NAWM).The ADC was measured in different WM areas.The neurologic and neuropsychological assessments were examined with mini-mental state examination(MMSE)in patients.The ADC were determined in standard regions of the frontal,temporal,occipital and parietal white matter,genu,splenium of the corpus callosum.Results:The value of ADC was higher in frontal,splenium corpus callosum,temporal,and parietal white matter of AD group than that of control(P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the ADC value of genu and occipital white matter between AD and control groups(P＞ 0.05).The score of MMSE was 24.1±0.8 in AD group.The ADC values of parietal,splenium of the corpus callosum and frontal white matter were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE scores in AD group(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).There was no correlation between the ADC values of genu of the corpus eallosum,temporal and occipital white matter with the MMSE score(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:The quantitative DWI analysis of MRI DWI may be helpful in assessing WM abnormalities in AD.The parietal WM abnormalities may play an important role in the development of dementia.It was showed that Alzheimer's cognitive decline with ADC value and micro-structure of white matter was closely related.

Effect of carotid atherosclerosis on mild cognitive impairment / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To examine the effect of carotid atherosclerosis on mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods 1886 relatively healthy Guangzhou residents without history of stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary heart disease and malignant tumor were recruited in this study by simple random selection.MCI and carotid color ultrasound were measured in these subjects by using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 10-word list learning task (CWL) and common carotid artery intima-medial thickness (IMT) as indicators.Results ( 1 ) The 300 ( 15.9% ) subjects with MCI were identified.No significant difference in MCI prevalence between the sexes was identified.(2) Significant associations between CWL and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as older age, smoking and increased waist circumference, blood pressure and lipids were found.(3) After adjusting for multiple potential confounders,increasing IMT was significantly associated with both decreased CWL ( β = - 1.05, 95% CI: - 1.73-- 0.36) and MMSE score ( β = - 0.95,95% CI: - 1.67 - 0.23 ).(4) After adjusting for age, sex,education, physical activity, smoking, waist circumference and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IMT was significantly thicker in the MCI group than the normal (0.76 mm vs 0.74 mm, F =6.9,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions The severity of MCI was significantly and linearly associated with increasedIMT, suggesting that preventing atherosclerosis may help to reduce the incidence and development of dementia.

The value of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore the value of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Methods Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used in 532 elderly persons aged 60 years and over in Xuzhou city Gulou county. The 69 healthy people and patients with mild cognitive impairment were chosen to undergo MoCA. Then the sensitivity and specificity of MoCA were analyzed. Results According to MMSE, there were 19 patients with mild cognitive impairment (27. 5 %), 50 healthy persons (72.5 %). While according to MoCA, there were 58 patients with mild cognitive impairment (84.1%), 11 healthy persons (15.9 %). The consistency of the two scales was not good. And compared with MMSE, the sensitivity of MoCA was 94.7%, and the specificity was 20. 1%. Conclusions In the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, MoCA is more sensitive than MMSE.

Características biopsicososciales de los ancianos / Biopsychosocial characteristic of the elders

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las características psicológicas, biológicas y sociales de los adultos mayores de dos consultorios del policlínico «Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero¼ desde enero de 2006 hasta diciembre del mismo año. Se aplicó el test de Hasegawa para determinar el estado mental de 166 adultos mayores, de los cuales resultaron aptos 154. Se encontró un predominio del sexo femenino y los grupos de edades de 60 a 69 y de 70 a 79 años para un 41.5 %, fueron los más frecuentes. Se señaló que la osteoartrosis es la enfermedad de mayor prevalencia. Se observó que la mayoría se sentían satisfechos con su vida, aunque un número importante se encontraba deprimido; se apreció que ocupaban una función activa en la familia y con relaciones interpersonales e intergeneracionales adecuadas.

A descriptive study of social, biological, and psychological characteristics of the older adults from two doctor's offices at «Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero¼ polyclinic was carried out, from January 2006 to December of the same year. Hasegawa´s test was applied to determine the mental state of 166 older adults, of which 154 turned out to be apt. There was a predominance of female sex and the age groups from 60 to 69 and from 70 to 79 years-old were the most frequent, for a 41.5%. Osteoarthrosis the most prevalent disease it was noted. The majority felt satisfied with their lives it was observed, while a significant number were depressed; it was appreciated that occupied an active function in the family and with interpersonal and intergenerational adequate relations.

Inter-rater reliability and factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight: Expanded Version (SAI-E)

OBJECTIVES: The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version consists of 11 items that encompass: awareness of having a mental illness, ability to rename psychotic phenomena as abnormal, and compliance with treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability and to study the factorial structure of the Brazilian version of the instrument. METHOD: The Brazilian version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version was used for the assessment of insight of 109 psychotic inpatients, 60 of whom had the interview tape-recorded in order to be scored by an independent evaluator. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was adopted as the inter-rater reliability coefficient. In the factor analysis, principal components analysis and Varimax rotation were adopted. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability coefficients from good to excellent were found for the individual items of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version with ICC values ranging from 0.54 to 0.82. Regarding the total score, inter-rater reliability was excellent, with ICC = 0.90. A factorial structure similar to the one obtained by the original version of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version was found, with 3 factors accounting for 71.72 percent of variance. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian context, the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version presented good inter-rater reliability and factorial structure compatible to the insight dimensions that are intended to be evaluated.

OBJETIVOS: O Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version é constituído por 11 itens que abordam: reconhecimento de se ter um transtorno mental, capacidade de renomear fenômenos psicóticos como anormais e adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade entre avaliadores e estudar a estrutura fatorial da versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version. MÉTODO: A versão brasileira do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version foi utilizada na avaliação de 109 pacientes psicóticos internados, dos quais 60 tiveram a entrevista gravada para atribuição de escores por avaliador independente. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foi utilizado na avaliação da confiabilidade entre avaliadores. Para a análise fatorial foram adotadas análise de componentes principais e rotação varimax. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade entre avaliadores para os itens do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version encontrada esteve entre boa e excelente, com ICC variando de 0,54 a 0,82; para o escore total foi excelente, com ICC = 0,90. Uma estrutura fatorial semelhante à obtida para a versão original do Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version foi encontrada, com três fatores explicando 71,72 por cento da variação. CONCLUSÃO: No contexto brasileiro, o Schedule for the Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version apresentou boa confiabilidade entre avaliadores e estrutura fatorial compatível com as dimensões do insight que pretende avaliar.

The correlation between psychological factors and subtypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of abnormal psychological factors on patients with different subtypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and on their natural history.Methods Patients with GERD symptoms were underwent 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring and endoscopy.They were enquired about frequency and severity of reflex symptoms and other informations,and filled in the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Twelve months later,they were enquired again about their symptoms and medication.Results One hundred and fifteen patients were followed up for(18.0?6.1)months (ranged from 12 to 37 months).The values of psychosomatic parameters including somatic,anxious, depression,compulsory and psychiatric scores in patients with GERD and RE were higer than normal values(both P