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RESUMEN El presente reporte de casos de intervención psicológica deportiva de alto rendimiento se planteó como objetivo al evaluar el estado psicológico y clínico de los participantes, el nivel de preparación mental deportiva, destrezas psicológicas y estados anímicos; posteriormente se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento cognitivo para fortalecer sus habilidades psíquicas. La muestra la conformaron tres atletas mujeres; dos de tiro con pistola, en edades comprendidas entre los 30 años y clasificadas a Juegos Olímpicos Tokio 2021. La deportista de Kárate perteneció al grupo de Jóvenes Promesas, con una edad de 15 años y Campeona Sudamericana. El periodo de abordaje mental tuvo una duración de seis meses durante el aislamiento en pandemia, con promedio de una sesión virtual individual cada cinco días, donde inicialmente se aplicó la anamnesis, una base de test clínicos y, posterior a ello, se realizó paralelamente el psicodiagnóstico deportivo y la preparación en el manejo de estrategias mentales deportivas. Los principales reactivos psicológicos fueron el test POMS, CPDR y Ways of Coping Checklist; a nivel del fortalecimiento psíquico, se empleó el Training Mental propuesto por el Comité Olímpico Estadounidense. Se obtuvo como resultado la culminación del programa de una sola deportista, se identificaron situaciones motivacionales y personales que afectan el desempeño del atleta de competición ecuatoriana, destacando la trascendencia de factores familiares, dirigenciales y culturales. Se concluye que la preparación mental es más efectiva en edades tempranas, pues es incluida en el proceso formativo holístico del atleta, lo que evidencian los resultados durante su evolución y maduración deportiva.
RESUMO O presente relatório de caso de uma intervenção de psicologia desportiva de alto rendimento destinava-se a avaliar o estado psicológico e clínico dos participantes, o nível de preparação mental desportiva, as competências psicológicas e o estado de espírito. Subsequentemente, foi aplicado um programa de formação cognitiva para reforçar as suas capacidades psicológicas. A amostra consistiu em três atletas do sexo feminino; duas atiradoras de pistola, com idades compreendidas entre os 30 anos e qualificadas para os Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio 2021. A atleta de karaté pertencia ao grupo das Jovens Promessas, com 15 anos e Campeã Sul-Americana. O período de abordagem mental durou seis meses durante o isolamento em pandemia, com uma média de uma sessão virtual individual a cada cinco dias, onde inicialmente foi aplicada a anamnese, uma base de testes clínicos e, depois disso, o psicodiagnóstico desportivo e a preparação na gestão de estratégias mentais desportivas foram realizados em paralelo. Os principais testes psicológicos foram o teste POMS, CPDR e a Lista de Controlo de Formas de Cópia; ao nível do reforço psicológico, foi utilizado o Treino Mental proposto pelo Comité Olímpico dos EUA. Como resultado, apenas um atleta completou o programa, foram identificadas situações motivacionais e pessoais que afetam o desempenho do atleta competitivo equatoriano, salientando a importância dos fatores familiares, de gestão e culturais. Conclui-se que a preparação mental é mais efetiva numa idade precoce, uma vez que está incluída no processo de treino holístico do atleta, como evidenciado pelos resultados durante a sua evolução e maturidade desportiva.
ABSTRACT The present report of cases of high performance sports psychological intervention proposed as an objective to evaluate the clinical psychological state of the participants, the level of sports mental preparation, psychological skills and moods; later a cognitive training program was applied to strengthen their psychic abilities. The sample was made up of three female athletes; two pistol shooting ages between 30, and classified to the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games. The Karate athlete belonged to the group of "Young Promises", with an age of 15 and South American Champion. The mental approach period lasted six months during the pandemic isolation, with an average of one individual virtual session every 5 days, where the anamnesis was initially applied; a base of clinical tests, and after that, the sports psychodiagnosis and the preparation in the management of sports mental strategies were carried out in parallel. The main psychological reagents were the POMS Test, CPDR and Ways of Coping Checklist; at the level of psychic strengthening, the proposed Mental Training of the American Olympic Committee was used. As a result, the culmination of the program of a single athlete was obtained, identifying motivational and personal situations that affect the performance of the Ecuadorian competitive athlete; highlighting the importance of family, managerial and cultural factors. It is concluded that mental preparation is more effective at an early age, as it is included in the holistic training process of the athlete, evidencing the results during their evolution and sports maturation.
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@#Introduction: The objective of the study is to identify the relationship between knowledge and the practice of mental training skill during competitions which requires the athletes to gain control and boost their confidence. The study significantly states that knowledge and the practice of mental training skill during competitions are able to increase the athletes’ ability to control their state of mind and raise their confidence. Methods: 115 students of Malaysian Sport School, Pahang Malaysia participated in the study. One set of Likert scale questionnaire, which consists of five parts is used as the study instrument. The study instrument is based on the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI2), Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) and Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-48). Results: The research findings demonstrate an average level of knowledge on mental training skill with reference to the athletes’ control of their mental state and their confidence. However, the significant relationship between the knowledge and the practice of mental training skill with regards to the athletes’ mind control and confidence during competitions shows a highly positive and moderate relationship. Conclusion: Healthy mental training skill helps improve the athletes’ personality during competition. Apart from prioritising on the physical element in training applied in the competitions, the main elements which become the athletes’ source of mental strength, level of control and confidence are able to overcome the mental challenges.
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RESUMEN El éxito de una cirugía depende de las competencias quirúrgicas y académicas del cirujano, del control de las variables propias del ambiente quirúrgico (estrés e incertidumbre) y de habilidades cognitivas avanzadas que permitan integrar lo anterior e impactar sobre el resultado. Las técnicas cognitivas de entrenamiento propias de atletas y músicos han sido utilizadas en los cirujanos para mejorar su desempeño quirúrgico, dada la similar naturaleza de su actividad, técnicamente demandante, con altos niveles de estrés y una permanente exigencia de resultados positivos. Una de estas estrategias es el Entrenamiento Mental o Cognitivo (EM) que consiste en la realización del acto quirúrgico en la mente previo a la cirugía, sin la necesidad del movimiento físico. Su efectividad en el desempeño quirúrgico ha permitido comprobar que las habilidades no técnicas juegan un papel relevante en la formación profesional. Es decir, la efectividad del cirujano reside en su destreza quirúrgica aunada a su destreza mental, y se relaciona directamente con la capacidad integradora de estas dos variables. El propósito de esta revisión es generar un marco conceptual del EM como una estrategia de mejoramiento para el desempeño del cirujano, considerando su metodología y sus potenciales beneficios para el cirujano, mejorando su desempeño quirúrgico en las salas de cirugía.
SUMMARY The success of a surgery depends on the surgical and academic competencies of the surgeon, on the control of the surgical environment variables (stress and uncertainty) and advanced cognitive abilities that allow integrating all this things and impact on the result. The cognitive training techniques of athletes and musicians have been used by surgeons to improve their surgical performance, given the similar nature of their activity, technically demanding, with high levels of stress and a permanent demand for positive results. One of these strategies is the Mental or Cognitive Training (MT) that consists in the accomplishment of the surgical act in the mind prior to the surgery, without the necessity of the physical movement. Its effectiveness in the surgical performance has allowed to verify that the non-technical abilities play an important role in the professional formation. That is, the surgeon's effectiveness lies in his surgical skill coupled with his mental dexterity, and is directly related to the integrative capacity of these two variables. The purpose of this review is to generate a conceptual framework of MT as an improvement strategy for the surgeon's performance, considering his methodology and potential benefits for the surgeon.
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Humans , Adult , Mentoring , Quality Improvement , SurgeonsABSTRACT
Treinamento mental é uma forma de simulação. O artigo tem objetivo de analisar, na literatura, os efeitos do treinamento mental na performance de tenistas. Utilizou-se as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO. Para a obtenção dos estudos foram usados os descritores de assunto: tênis; atenção e imaginação. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos e revisões da literatura em língua portuguesa e inglesa. A partir da pesquisa efetuada encontrou-se um total de 2408 artigos. Ao final da seleção 9 estudos atendiam os critérios aplicados. Os estudos revisados apontam que o treinamento mental tem um efeito importante no desempenho dos tenistas.
Mental training is a form of simulation. This article aimed to review the literature about the effects of mental training in the performance of tennis players. We used databases LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO. To obtain the studies it was used the subject descriptors: tennis; attention and imagination. We included empirical studies and literature reviews in English and Portuguese. From the survey conducted it was found a total of 2408 articles. At the end 9 studies met the selection criteria applied. The reviewed studies indicate that mental training has an important effect on the performance of tennis players.
El entrenamiento mental es una forma de simulación. El artículo tuvo como objetivo revisar en la literatura los efectos del entrenamiento mental en el rendimiento de los jugadores de tenis. Se utilizó la base de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y SciELO. Para obtener los estudios utilizó los descriptores de asunto: tenis, atención y imaginación. Se incluyeron los estudios empíricos y revisiones de la literatura en Inglés y Portugués. De la encuesta realizada encontró un total de 2408 artículos. Al final 9 estudios cumplieron los criterios de selección. Los estudios revisados indican que el entrenamiento mental tiene un efecto importante sobre el rendimiento.
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O rendimento desportivo resulta da interligação de aspectos físicos, técnicos, tácticos e psicológicos. Contudo, relativamente ao treino de Futebol constata-se que a componente psicológica é muito negligenciada. Neste estudo, procura-se conhecer as percepções de treinadores de alto rendimento acerca de diferentes aspectos relacionados com a dimensão psicológica, nomeadamente as concepções sobre o treino psicológico e a sua relação com o treino e o rendimento desportivo; o nível de preparação dos treinadores para treinar as competências psicológicas; e a relevância de colaborar com um especialista em psicologia do desporto. Com recurso a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, foram entrevistados quinze treinadores da Primeira Liga de Futebol Portuguesa. Uma análise indutiva das entrevistas revelou que os treinadores atribuem grande importância à componente psicológica e à colaboração com um especialista em psicologia do desporto, até porque não se sentem preparados para desenvolver um treino sistemático neste domínio.
Sport performance results from the interaction of physical, technical, tactical and psychological aspects. However, in Soccer training less attention is devoted to the psychological domain. The purpose of this study was to investigate elite Soccer coaches perceptions concerning different aspects of the psychological dimension, namely the conceptions about mental training and his relationship with training, in general, and performance; the coaches level of preparation to apply a specific psychological training; and the collaboration with a sport psychology expert. Using in-depth interviews, fifteen coaches of the Portuguese first league were interviewed. The interviews showed that the coaches attribute great significance to the psychological domain and to a possible collaboration with a sport psychology expert, as coaches seem to be unprepared to apply specific mental strategies or are unfamiliar with them.
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Humans , Male , Sports/psychology , Leadership , SoccerABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of team mental training on mental health of nursing freshmen in a military medical university.Methods A total of 54 nursing freshmen(experiment group) received team mental training and read a textbook,Mental Quality Training for Soldiers,for 2 months,and the other 51 nursing freshmen who only read the book served as control group.Symptom checklist 90(SCL-90),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS) and social support rate scale(SSRS) were employed to evaluate the mental health of nursing freshmen before and after training.All data were analyzed by paired-sample T test.Results ①As compared with pre-training,the SCL-90 scores of training group decreased significantly in somatization,anxiety,positive items and general mean(P
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Objective:To explore the effect of mental quality training on self consistency and congruence of military personnel in field army.Methods:397 military personnel in field army were randomly divided into intervention groups which received mental quality training(n=197)and control group which received normal training(n=197).Self consistency and congruence scale were used before and after the intervention.Results:After mental quality training,(1)the total scores of self consistency and congruence of training group were significantly lower than that of control group(93.2?10.3/95.5?11.8,P