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ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation among the botanical characteristics， biological characteristics， chemical composition， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from latex-containing plants， so as to strengthen the theory of "identifying symptoms for qualities" and provide a reference for the development and utilization of the latex-containing plant resources. MethodStatistics on the meridians for properties and tastes， efficacy， medicinal parts， family and genus， and chemical components of TCM from latex-containing plants were carried out. A total of 53 TCM from latex-containing plants included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were screened by mining the Chinese Botanical Journal， Chinese Materia Medica， Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines， and related literature. In addition， their meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， chemical components， and TCM classifications were summarized and statistically analyzed by using Excel 2013 and ChiPlot 2023.3.31 software. ResultIt was found that latex-containing plants were mainly distributed in one kingdom， one phylum， two classes， and 20 families， and most of the TCM from latex-containing plants belonged to Dicotyledonaceae under Angiosperms. In terms of properties and tastes， plain>cold>warm>cool>hot and bitter>pungent>sweet>sour>salty. In terms of meridians， liver>lung>kidney>spleen=large intestine=stomach>heart>bladder=gallbladder=small intestines. In terms of medicinal parts， roots （root， rhizomes， tuberous root， and root bark）>resin>seed>whole herb （whole herb and above-ground part）>stem （stem and branch）>fruit>leaf>flower=skin. In terms of research on chemical components， they were mostly glycosides. In terms of TCM classification， they were mostly medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. ConclusionThe TCM from latex-containing plants is mainly plain， with a uniform warm and cold distribution. The tastes are mainly bitter and pungent， and the major meridians are the liver and lung. The roots and resins are mainly used as medicines. The components mostly contain glycosides， alkaloids， and volatile oils， and most of them are medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis， as well as for removing heat and toxins. There is a certain degree of correlation among the growth habits， medicinal parts， chemical components， and the properties， tastes， and efficacy of the TCM from latex-containing plants. It may provide a reference for resource development and utilization of TCM from latex-containing plants.
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Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor 's Canon of Medicine) establishes the theory that yuan-source points are indicated in zangfu diseases. However, compared with the yuan-source points of yin meridians for the treatment of zang-organ diseases, there is less attention to the indication of yuan-source points of yang meridians for fu-organ diseases, and this statement is even questioned. Collating the early literature and associating with the researches of medical experts, it is found that Nanjing (Classic of Difficult Questions) should be the theoretic origin that yuan-source points of yang meridians are indicated in fu-organ diseases. Regarding the reasons why this theory has not received clinical attention, the three aspects are involved, i.e. the theoretic completion of "he-sea points of three-foot-yang meridians for the diseases of six fu-organs", the limitation of the theory itself, and the lack of literature materials. It is proposed that the exploration on this theory should be deepened in views of the essence of yuan-source points relevant with the characteristic of the wrist-ankle pulse palpation region, acupoint combination, modern technology, etc.
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Meridians , Acupuncture Points , Foot , Lower Extremity , MedicineABSTRACT
With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.
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Female , Humans , Moxibustion , Meridians , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Foot , Genital Diseases, Female/therapyABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction conditions of volatile oil from Wenjing Huoxue cataplasm. Methods On the basis of single factor investigation on the comprehensive score of extraction yield , osthole content and isoimperatorin, the effects of extraction temperature, pressure and time on the comprehensive score of extracted volatile oil were optimized by orthogonal design. Results In the single factor experiment, the factors that had a great influence on the comprehensive score of the extracted volatile oil were extraction temperature, extraction pressure and extraction time. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the extraction temperature and extraction pressure had a significant influence on the comprehensive score of volatile oil. The optimized extraction process was as follows: extraction temperature at 55 ℃, extraction pressure as 30 MPa, and extraction time as 2 h. Conclusion The extraction process optimized in this experiment is stable and feasible, which could be used for the extraction and preparation of the volatile oil.
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To deepen the understanding of the acupoint indications, clarify the targeting of acupoints, and provide a basis for the composition of acupuncture prescriptions, it is suggested to add acupoint identification into the textbook Meridians and Acupoints, and a preliminary assumption that relevant acupoints can be identified by taking the indications, locations, and meridians as the key points is proposed. In this paper, acupoints for treating stomach disease, acupoints of eye region, and five-shu points of lung meridian are taken as examples, combined with ancient literature and modern scientific research achievements, the main indications of acupoint is identified, which is of great significance to the discipline's development, talent training, and achievement transformation.
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Meridians , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , AcupunctureABSTRACT
Starting from the perspective of meridian theory, this article briefly analyzes the meridian pathophysiology of snoring and the relationship between snoring and meridian theory. It proposes that acupuncture treatment for snoring should focus on regulating qi from the shaoyang meridians, harmonizing the spirit by the governor vessel, resolving phlegm through the three yang meridians, and harmonizing qi and blood from the yangming meridians. Additionally, attention is placed on both the root cause and the symptoms, the theory of "four seas". The ultimate goal is to promote the flow of meridian and qi-blood, improve symptoms such as nighttime snoring, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness, and achieve the desired outcome of stopping snoring and ensuring restful sleep.
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Humans , Meridians , Snoring/therapy , Acupuncture Therapy , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Mucus , Acupuncture PointsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture at acupoints of yangming meridians for sarcopenia.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with sarcopenia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. In the control group, conventional nutrition intervention for sarcopenia was adopted. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at bilateral Binao (LI 14), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc.,ipsilateral Quchi (LI 11) and Zusanli (ST 36) were connected to electroacupuncture, with discontinuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency, 1-10 mA in intensity, 2 times a week, with a interval of 3 days. A total of 12-week treatment was required in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, 6 m-walking time, body fat percentage and body moisture percentage were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, after treatment, ASMI and grip strength were increased while 6 m-walking time was shortened in the two groups (P<0.05); body fat percentage was decreased while body moisture percentage was increased in the observation group (P<0.05). After treatment, in the observation group, ASMI, grip strength and body moisture percentage were increased (P<0.05), 6 m-walking time was shortened and body fat percentage was decreased (P<0.05) compared with those in the control group.@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture at acupoints of yangming meridians can effectively improve the skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, body fat percentage and body moisture percentage in patients with sarcopenia, and make the distribution of muscle and fat more reasonable.
Subject(s)
Humans , Meridians , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , Sarcopenia/therapy , Acupuncture TherapyABSTRACT
[Objective] The Zang-Fu and the meridians, which are one of the foundations of modern acupuncture and moxibustion medical education, appeared in "Lingshu" in the "Meridian" section. However, the Zang-Fu and the meridians each has a history of independent development in ancient China Before the Common Era. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process by which the meridians came to be associated with the Zang-Fu, drawing from descriptions in "Suwen", which was compiled Before the Common Era.[Method] The source literature of this study is "Revisions and Extensive Notes on the Huangdi Neijing Suwen", with reference to "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine and Classic Research" by MARUYAMA Masao to classify compilations of "Suwen". The research items are the names of the Zang and the Fu, the relationships between the Zang and the Fu, and the piao-li relationships of the Zang-Fu and the three Yin and three Yang of the hands and feet. [Result] The names for the Zang were Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidneys, and for the Fu were Small Intestine, Bladder, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, Stomach, and Sanjiao. The Zang-Fu relationships were Lungs-Large Intestine, Spleen-Stomach, Heart-Small Intestine, Kidney-Bladder, Liver-Gall Bladder, and Chronic Illness-Sanjiao. The piao-li relationships of the Zang-Fu and the three Yin and three Yang of the hands and feet were Foot Thai-Yang and Shao-Yin, Foot Shao-Yang and Chueh-Yin, Foot Yang-Ming and Thai-Yin, Hand Thai-Yang and Shao-Yin, Hand Yang-Ming and Thai-Yin, and Hand Shao-Yang and Heart. The Liver is treated by Foot Chueh-Yin and Shao-Yang, the Heart is treated Hand Shao-Yin and Thai-Yang, the Spleen is treated by Foot Thai-Yin and Yang-Ming, the Lungs are treated by Hand Thai-Yin and Yang-Ming, and the Kidneys are treated by Foot Shao-Ying and Thai-Yang. There was the expression "太陰陽明表裏為脾胃脈也" that Hand-Foot, Yin-Yang and the Zang-Fu were grouped by their Piao-li relationships. And there were the expressions saying "Shao-Yin is the Kidneys" and "Yang-Ming is the Stomach", although these were not in complete form. [Discussion] The Zang-Fu meridians, combining the Zang-Fu and the meridians, started from the Spleen-Stomach. There were other expressions combining the Zang-Fu with the meridians, although these were also not in complete form. While medicine at that time was being organized and integrated with the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theories, the relationships between the Zang-Fu and the meridians were also established. And it is inferred that the process of combining these and developing them into a new medical system existed during this period. [Conclusion] The relationships between the Zang-Fu and the meridians were established in "Suwen", which was compiled Before the Common Era, and the expression combining them started from "太陰陽明表裏為脾胃脈也".
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The rapid development of terahertz technology promotes the realization of various terahertz imaging systems. Terahertz technology features terahertz waves as good non-invasive illumination sources due to their high spectral resolution, penetration and safety. The terahertz imaging technique (TIT) has gradually been extended from the biomedical field to the field of Chinese medicine (CM), and it has become a powerful tool for seeking scientific evidence for CM theories with the use of modern science and technology. This paper reviews the current application of TITs in the field of CM research, and most importantly offers novel proposals for the application of TITs in CM research from the perspective of CM syndrome objectification and acupuncture research and cites existing reports as reference to the feasibility of these new proposals.
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Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Moxibustion , Terahertz ImagingABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shugan Mingmu Decoction plus Rehmannia Decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of optic neuromyelitis. Methods:The data of one case of optic neuromyelitis cured by Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and related literature were analyzed. Shugan Mingmu Decoction was used to clear the liver, nourish blood, brighten the eyes and relieve blindness. Rehmannia Decoction was used to nourish the kidney, invigorate the Yin and Yang, soften the liver, strengthen the tendons, and vibrate the withering. The combination of Shu acupoints and extraordinary acupoints was used flexibly and skillfully. Penetration of acupoints was performed to activate the meridians and Qi. Results:The patient's vision quickly recovered, and his lower limb motor function was gradually improved until complete recovery, which help improve patient's ability to live and work.Conclusion:The use of Qinggan Mingmu Decoction and Rehmannia Decoction combined with acupuncture at meridians and extraordinary acupoints for treatment of optic neuromyelitis show clinical advantages including improving curative effects, avoiding the deterioration of the disease and the risk of hormone therapy, and improving the prognosis. It has a good application prospect.
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Acupuncture for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) pays attention to the syndrome differentiation theory, but also emphasizes the differentiation of the meridians, to obtain the better effective. At present, the clinical treatment of BPH is mainly based on deep acupuncture with filiform needle, electroacupuncture, warm acupuncture and moxibustion and comprehensive treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, especially the comprehensive treatment of warm acupuncture combined with needle, Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine. Acupuncture treatment of BPH can reduce the prostate volume of patients, improve their lower urinary tract symptoms, improve their quality of life, without sever adverse events. BPH patients are often accompanied by emotional problems. It is suggested that acupuncture "treating spirit" should be further developed in clinical treatment to promote the application of acupuncture in the treatment of this disease.
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The internal organs and meridians were associated with Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, and time and space, based on the holistic view of heaven, earth and human, according to Huangdi Neijing. The syndrome differentiation system of six meridians and Zang Fu meridians were established by Shanghan Zabing Lun, on the basis of the three Yin, three Yang, six meridians, and five Zang system in Huangdi Neijing. We put forward the concept of the six meridians syndrome differentiation system of circular motion, considering that the six meridians syndrome differentiation system actually implies the theory of circular motion. The syndrome differentiation system was constructed with the circular model of one qi circulating around the road, rising left and falling right, corresponding up and down, and maintaining conservation in the middle as the core, integrating Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, Zang Fu and meridians, qi, blood and body fluid, and the integration of heaven, earth and human, focusing on "disease location and disease nature", taking classical prescriptions as the main treatments, and cooperating with external treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion. We organically combined the circular motion with the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians, systematically interpreted the physiological bases, pathological changes, progressive patterns, and the treatments, based on syndrome differentiation, by inheriting the classical thinking mode of Hetu, Luoshu,Zhouyi, Huangdi Neijing, ShennongHerbal Classic, and Shanghan Zabing Lun.
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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Guige Shujing Decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with coldness-blood stasis obstructing meridians.Methods:A total of 86 patients with coldness-blood stasis obstructing meridians of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, who met the inclusion criteria from May 2019 to May 2021, were divided into two groups, with 43 cases in each group, according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with routine basic treatment and acupuncture, and the observation group was treated with routine basic treatment, acupuncture and Guige Shujing Decoction. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks and followed up for 6 months. The scores of TCM syndromes were performed before and after treatment, Clinical Assessment Scale for Cervical Spondylosis (CASCS) was used to evaluate cervical spine function, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to evaluate cervical spine function, and ELISA was used to detect levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The adverse reactions were observed during treatment and the recurrence rate was recorded during follow-up.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.35% (41/43), and that of the control group was 81.40% (35/43), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.07, P=0.043). After treatment, the scores and total scores of shoulder and neck pain, upper limb numbness, neck stiffness, head tenderness and heaviness in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 10.66, 12.89, 9.12, 12.27 and 8.75, respectively, P<0.001). After treatment, the CASCS score in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.64, P=0.010). After treatment, the VAS and NDI scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 5.62 and 7.00, respectively, P<0.001). After treatment, the levels of serum hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 6.65, 7.52 and 5.08, respectively, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment ( χ2=0.73, P=0.393). After 6 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate in the observation group was 2.44% (1/41) and that in the control group was 17.14% (6/35). There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups ( χ2=3.89, P=0.048). Conclusion:The Guige Shujing Decoction combined with acupuncture therapy can inhibit the neurogenic inflammatory reaction of patients with coldness-blood stasis obstructing meridians of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, reduce pain, improve cervical spine function, reduce recurrence rate and improve curative effect.
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The paper summarizes the valuable experience of the famous teachers of all generations in the teaching & research room of meridians and acupoints of Beijing University of CM. The shortcomings are presented when the acupoints are explained in accordance with the flowing route of meridians in classroom teaching of Science of Meridians and Acupoints. Hence, it is proposed that the acupoint names should be interpreted specially for the acupoints distributed on the same meridians or adjacent ones. It is suggested to emphasize the correlation of each acupoint with its adjacent ones from the perspective of the cultural connotation of acupoint names, and then, the differences and similarities in their clinical indications can be analyzed. Eventually, a new approach to the classroom teaching of Science of Meridians and Acupoints may be provided to guide the excavation of traditional cultural connotation and establish the cultural self-confidence and professional identity.
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Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , MeridiansSubject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Arthralgia/therapy , Meridians , ShoulderABSTRACT
The discovery of modern evolutionary anatomy shows that the persistent median artery in the upper arm is a common variant with an increasing trend. This phenomenon can explain well the transition from the eleven meridians described in the Han silk and bamboo slips to the twelve meridians finalized in
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Hand , MeridiansABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of muscle regions of meridians needling method for refractory facial paralysis affecting different locations.Methods: A total of 110 participants were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 55 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with muscle regions of meridians needling method, and the control group was treated with conventional facial three-line needling method. The clinical efficacy was evaluated four weeks after the treatment. And the infrared imaging spectra of the two groups were examined. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and its curative effect for refractory facial paralysis located above the geniculate ganglion was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The color scale distribution of different disease locations in the two groups varied significantly (P<0.05), the higher the disease location, the higher the occurrence rate of cool zone and low temperature zone. After treatment, the reductions of the facial and periotic temperature difference between the healthy side and the affected side in the observation group were statistically different from those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Muscle regions of meridians needling method has a better effect than facial three-line needling method for refractory facial paralysis. It can promote the microcirculation of the affected side of the face, improve the blood and oxygen supply to local tissues, and thus promote the repair of the peripheral facial nerve.
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Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Tiandan Tongluo capsule in the treatment of cerebral infarction （CI） in convalescence （stoke involving meridians and collaterals due to wind-phlegm-static blood obstructing vessels）， with Naoshuantong capsule as a control. Method:A total of 352 convalescent patients with CI differentiated into stoke involving meridians and collaterals due to wind-phlegm-static blood obstructing vessels in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） were included in this multi-center， randomized， double-blind， single-simulated， Naoshuantong capsule-controlled clinical trial， which lasted from 28 December， 2016 to 12 April， 2019. After being randomized into an experimental group and a control group at a ratio of 3∶1， patients in the experimental group were provided with oral Tiandan Tongluo capsule， five capsules per time， three times per day， whereas those in the control group received both Naoshuantong capsule simulator， two capsules per time， three times per day， and Naoshuantong capsule， three capsules per time， three times per day， for 12 successive weeks. The patients were followed up until 180 days after onset. The Barthel activities of daily living （ADL） index （BI） score was used as the primary outcome， and the secondary outcomes included neurological deficit score ［assessed with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS）］， modified Rankin scale （mRS）， TCM syndrome score， and proportion of patients with new vascular events. The changes in laboratory indexes and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were observed. Result:Among the 389 cases enrolled， 30 dropped out， with the drop-out rate being 7.71%. There were 374 cases included in the full analysis set and 377 in the safety set. The comparison with the control group revealed that the total BI score and the percentage of BI score ≥ 75 in the experimental group were increased， but the difference was not statistically significant. The percentage of mRS score ≤ 2 within 180 days after onset in the experimental group obviously elevated in contrast to that of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. As demonstrated by TCM syndrome score analysis， the markedly effective rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. During the trial， the incidence rates of new vascular events in the experimental group and the control group were 0.00% and 1.09% （one case）， respectively， exhibiting no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion:Tiandan Tongluo capsule and Naoshuantong capsule both produce definite therapeutic effects in the treatment of CI in convalescence （stoke involving meridians and collaterals due to wind-phlegm-static blood obstructing vessels）. Compared with Naoshuantong capsule， Tiandan Tongluo capsule better alleviates neurological deficit， promotes neural functional recovery， and improves TCM syndrome score， without inducing severe adverse reactions.
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Focusing on the original text record in