ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases due to its many virtues. Therefore, its accurate and effective detection with low cost is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the detection methods and newest progress of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes. METHODS: WanFang, Baidu Scholar, VIP, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Sinomed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases were retrieved for the articles concerning the detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes published between June 1997 and June 2019. The keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, detection methods” in Chinese and English, respectively. The duplicated and poorly correlated articles were excluded, and finally 60 eligible articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells are summarized, and mesenchymal stem cells have been found to treat diseases by paracrine approach. (2) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and its potential clinical application are summarized, including immunoregulation in vivo and promotion of tissue regeneration. (3) The commonly used detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and the newest progress are reviewed. (4) This review provides experimental basis for the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes regarding disease treatment and tissue repair.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the anti- fibrotic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-EXOs) and explore the mechanism.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four C57 BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups (=6), including the control group treated with intratracheal injection of saline (3 mg/kg); lung fibrosis model group with intratracheal injection of 1.5 mg/mL bleomycin solution (prepared with saline, 3 mg/kg); EXOs1 group with intratracheal injection of 1.5 mg/mL bleomycin solution (3 mg/kg) and hUCMSC-EXOs (100 μg/250 μL, given by tail vein injection on the next day after modeling); and EXOs2 group with intratracheal injection of 1.5 mg/mL bleomycin solution (3 mg/kg) and hUCMSC-EXOs (100 μg/250 μL, given by tail vein injection on the 10th day after modeling). At 21 days after modeling, pulmonary index, lung tissue pathology and collagen deposition in the mice were assessed using HE staining and Masson staining. The expression level of TGF-β1 was detected using ELISA, and vimentin, E-cadherin and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) were detected using immunohistochemical staining. CCK8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of hUCMSCEXOs on the viability of A549 cells, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of p-Smad2/3, vimentin, and E-cadherin in the cells.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those in the model group, the mice treated with hUCMSC-EXOs showed significantly reduced the pulmonary index ( < 0.05), collagen deposition, lung tissue pathologies, lowered expressions of TGF-β1 ( < 0.05), vimentin, and p-Smad2/3 and increased expression of E-cadherin. hUCMSC-EXOs given on the second day produced more pronounced effect than that given on the 11th day ( < 0.05). CCK8 assay results showed that hUCMSC-EXOs had no toxic effects on A549 cells ( > 0.05). Western blotting results showed that hUCMSC-EXOs treatment significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expressions of p-Smad2/3 and vimentin in the cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#hUCMSC-EXOs can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting epithelialmesenchymal transition activated by the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, and the inhibitory effect is more obvious when it is administered on the second day after modeling.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Exosomes , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Umbilical CordABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases due to its many virtues. Therefore, its accurate and effective detection with low cost is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the detection methods and newest progress of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes. METHODS: WanFang, Baidu Scholar, VIP, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Sinomed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases were retrieved for the articles concerning the detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes published between June 1997 and June 2019. The keywords were "mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, detection methods" in Chinese and English, respectively. The duplicated and poorly correlated articles were excluded, and finally 60 eligible articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells are summarized, and mesenchymal stem cells have been found to treat diseases by paracrine approach. (2) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and its potential clinical application are summarized, including immunoregulation in vivo and promotion of tissue regeneration. (3) The commonly used detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and the newest progress are reviewed. (4) This review provides experimental basis for the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes regarding disease treatment and tissue repair.