ABSTRACT
Coumarin is an important class of natural organic compounds, which widely exists in a variety of plants and microorganisms. Coumarins have many biological activities and wide clinical applications, such as anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-coagulation, but they have obvious toxic effects in rodents. It was found that the toxicity of coumarins in different animals and organs was significantly different, and high dose oral administration was more likely to produce toxic reactions. Based on the research and analysis of domestic and foreign literatures in recent 60 years, this paper mainly summarized the hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity induced by coumarins, and probed into their possible mechanisms. It was found that the toxicity of coumarins had metabolic differences and species differences. The liver of rats and lungs of mice were more susceptible to coumarins. Toxic reactions occurred mainly in the second metabolic pathway of coumarin metabolism in vivo. In order to put forward safety considerations and evaluate the impact of coumarin on human body, it was found that coumarin is unlikely to produce hepatotoxicity at normal exposure level. It was also suggested that species differences due to different metabolic patterns in model animals should be carefully considered when assessing coumarin toxicity, in order to provide reference for clinical research and rational use of coumarins and improve the rational use of coumarins.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Rats , Coumarins/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Metabolic Networks and Pathways , Species Specificity , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
Glutamine,a coding amino acid in the process of synthesis of protein,could be absorbed by endothelial cells of the small intestine in most cases,or converted from other amino acid and glucose in the assistance of concerned enzyme.This nonessential amino acid maintains homeostasis in rivo.In recent years,a large number of researches reveal that glutamine plays an extremely important role in the tumor metabolism and therefore influences the process and treatment of cancer.In the study,the netabolism of glutamine in normal cells and tumor cells and its effects on tumor therapy were reviewed.
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Aim To study the biotransformation of gly-cyrrhizin in rat intestine-liver. Methods The in situ vascularly perfused rat intestine-liver model was estab-lished with a validated LC-MS/MS method for assay of the model perfusate glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid. Results The steady state intestinal and liver ex-traction ratios in the once-through perfused rat intes-tine-liver model for glycyrrhizin were ( 4. 2 ± 0. 6 )%and (28. 0 ± 3. 0)%, respectively; the first-order ab-sorption rate constant for glycyrrhizin in the recircula-tion of perfusate to the intestine model was ( 0. 33 ± 0. 06 ) min-1;after intraduodenal administration of gly-cyrrhizin,the main active metabolite in was the perfu-sate glycyrrhetinic acid, which was also found in intes-tinal luminal fluids. Conclusions The first-pass effi-cacy of glycyrrhizin is obvious and there is only a small amount of metabolite in the intestinal mucosa cells;gly-cyrrhizin is metabolized by gut bacteria or liver cells af-ter oral administration;the in situ vascularly perfused rat intestine-liver model can be used in glycyrrhizin pharmacokinetic studies.
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Objective To explore the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (SREBP-1C) and glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP-94)in hyperhomocysteinmia and to evaluate the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins on hepatocytes lipids metabolism. Methods After hyperhomocysteinmia C57BL/6 mice model being induced by high methionine diet, TGE and CHO of Hepatocytes were determined, and the expression of SREBP-1C and GRP-94 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. All data were compared to those in control group′s. Results The level of plasmic homocysteine(Hcy) and hepatocytes TGE or CHO of high methionine diet mice at different time point significantly ascended(P
ABSTRACT
Objective Inquire a method to treat,interfere and control the conditions of MS sufferers.Methods Discover MS sufferers through the healthy management center check-up.Divide them into the intervention set and matched control random.Synthesize an intervention towards interfering set to carry on valuation,change life style,the medicine treatment Two years later statistics to analyze index signs,such as two sets of dangerous factor,blood sugar fat,weight index numbers and blood pressure...etc.Result The management rate of the interfering set is 94.24%.After interfering,the Treatment rate,the understanding rate,the controlling rate have been increased by 53.56%,55.07%and 69.93%.The empty stomach blood sugar,the blood glycerin three esters,the total cholesterols,the weight index numbers,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure have obviously improved compared with those before interfering(P