Epilepsy and the "dark" literature of the Greek novelist Demosthenes Voutyras: an outstanding epileptic personality / Epilepsia e a literatura "sombria" do romancista grego Demosthenes Voutyras: uma personalidade epilética notável

Abstract Background The role of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in determining personality traits and neurobehavioral symptoms, collectively known as the interictal behavioral syndrome (also known as Geschwind syndrome or "Gastaut-Geschwind syndrome"), as well as the syndrome's association with the particular artistic expression of many epileptic litterateurs are well known in neurology and psychiatry. A deepening of emotionality along with a serious, highly ethical, and spiritual behavior have been described as positive personality changes among patients with chronic mesial-TLE. Objectives Our narrative-based clinical hypothesis aims at contributing to the ongoing debate on the association between TLE and artistic expression, as well as the latter's supposed implication for epileptology in general and the neuropsychology of epilepsy in particular. Methods Through an analysis of the biography, language, and literary work of Greek novelist Demosthenes Voutyras, we hypothesize that his mystical and dark writing style could be attributed to medial temporal interictal dynamics. Conclusions We suggest that the psycholiterary profile of Voutyras is consistent with the idiosyncratic characteristics of the temporal lobe personality, while a non-dominant temporal lobe contribution has been proposed.

Resumo Antecedentes O papel da epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) na determinação de traços de personalidade e sintomas neurocomportamentais, coletivamente conhecidos como síndrome comportamental interictal (também conhecida como síndrome de Geschwind ou "síndrome de Gastaut-Geschwind"), bem como a associação da síndrome com o expressão de muitos literatos epilépticos são bem conhecidos em neurologia e psiquiatria. Um aprofundamento da emotividade juntamente com um comportamento sério, altamente ético e espiritual tem sido descrito como mudanças positivas de personalidade em pacientes com ELT mesial crônica. Objetivos A nossa hipótese clínica narrativa visa contribuir para o debate em curso sobre a associação entre ELT e a expressão artística, bem como a suposta implicação desta última para a epilepsia em geral e a neuropsicologia da epilepsia em particular. Métodos Através de uma análise da biografia, linguagem e obra literária do romancista grego Demóstenes Voutyras, levantamos a hipótese de que seu estilo de escrita místico e sombrio poderia ser atribuído à dinâmica interictal temporal medial. Conclusões Sugerimos que o perfil psicoliterário de Voutyras é consistente com as características idiossincráticas da personalidade do lobo temporal, enquanto uma contribuição do lobo temporal não dominante foi proposta.

Comparative structure of similarities and differences between tree and cognitive model of Cognitive Behavioral Theory / Estrutura comparativa de semelhanças e diferenças entre árvore e modelo cognitivo da Teoria Cognitivo-Comportamental

To contribute to studies in Psychology through a systematic and methodological analysis of the comparison between a tree and the cognitive model of the cognitive behavioral theory, establishing similarities and differences between the comparative domains. Method It is a qualitative, exploratory, documentary research, based on the Conceptual Metaphor, the Cognitive-Behavioral Theory, and on the Methodology of Teaching with Analogies. It starts from the hypothesis of the existence of a conceptual metaphor in which "the cognitive model is structured like a tree", transposing characteristics between both. It verifies, classifies, analyzes the comparison by means of analogical reasoning and the filling of comparative charts between vehicle and target. Results The results point to the complexity and potential of comparison if treated systematically and methodologically. Conclusion The research results corroborate the hypothesis that originated it.

Este artigo buscou analisar as percepções de pais e professores a respeito da trajetória escolar de crianças adotadas. Para isto, entrevistamos professores do Ensino Fundamental (3º ao 7º ano) e pais adotivos, investigando como compreendem a existência de possíveis sucessos e dificuldades escolares nas crianças adotadas, e se há relação entre adoção e atuação escolar. Método A pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória, documental, fundamentada na Metáfora Conceptual, na Teoria Cognitivo-Comportamental e na Metodologia de Ensino com Analogias e parte da hipótese da existência de uma metáfora conceptual em que "o modelo cognitivo se estrutura como uma árvore", transpondo características entre ambos. Verifica-se, classifica-se e analisa-se a comparação por meio de raciocínio analógico e do preenchimento de quadros comparativos entre veículo e alvo. Resultados Os resultados apontam a complexidade e o potencial da comparação, caso seja tratada sistemática e metodologicamente. Conclusão A hipótese de pesquisa é corroborada.

The Empirical Research Path of Yin-Yang Thinking in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中医杂志

The yin-yang theory is a thinking model used by ancient people to recognize the world， which is highly compatible with multimodal metaphors. By summarizing the current researches on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） yin-yang theory and thinking， it is found that there are more clinical researches but few empirical studies， and more conceptual studies but few empirical researches. In view of this， we proposed to conduct researches on TCM yin-yang thinking with the methods such as behavioral experiments， event-related potentials， and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques， based on the multimodal metaphor theory from the perspective of cognitive science. According to the characteristics of yin-yang， the process of TCM yin-yang thinking is divided into two stages which are yin-yang classification and yin-yang reasoning， and the main directions of empirical research on yin-yang thinking in TCM are outlined by combining with the paradigm of cognitive science， that is， the researches are carried out from the cognitive characteristics of TCM yin-yang thinking， as well as the differences in cognitive mechanisms between TCM yin-yang thinking and western logical thinking.

Reflections on the Life Education of College Students from the Perspective of Satir Transformation System Model / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the perspective of satir transformation system model, this paper interpreted and analyzed the behavior, coping style, feelings, views, expectations, yearning, and ego of college students with suicidal ideation to enhance the connection between individuals and their inner selves and growth forces. This paper put forward several thoughts on the guidance of college students’ life education: increase and expand the physical and mental experience practice opportunities of college students, help connect themselves, and improve their sense of self-esteem; strengthen and establish the family concept and support system of college students, assist in connecting parents, and promote the sense of belonging; find and consolidate the resource advantages of college students in their growth, assist in connecting the past, and enhance the sense of achievement; create and expand the interpersonal skills of college students, help connect with society, and enhance the sense of value.

Transformation and Breaking of Cancer Metaphyor: Study on Self-narrative of Cancer Patients / 中国医学伦理学

After cancer became the number one public enemy threatening global life and health in the 20th century, it was given various negative metaphors. As cancer mortality rates rise, cancer metaphors gradually spread to various corners of society and cause public panic. In the 1970s, China and the United States each appeared a female cancer survivor, Lin Guo and Susan Sontag. Both of them noticed the dual marginalization faced by cancer patients in China and the United States in social and medical fields during their own cancer and treatment processes. To reverse the situation of cancer patients, they actively engaged in social actions. Their actions not only helped to enhance the subjectivity and initiative of cancer patients, but also downplayed the growing fear of cancer in Chinese and American society at that time due to cancer metaphors. Based on the personal diaries and biographies of Lin Guo and Sontag, this paper elaborated on how these two women transformed and broke the metaphor of cancer in different social cultures and reconstructed the social significance of cancer from their life experiences such as family and upbringing environment, educational and work experiences, cancer and treatment.

Miscibilidade em abordagens combinadas à prática de formação de professores(as) de educação física / Miscibilidad en enfoques combinados hacia la práctica de formación de profesores(as) de educación física / Miscibility in blended approaches to pete practice

Resumo Neste artigo, discutimos descobertas de um autoestudo colaborativo que realizamos sobre a adoção de uma abordagem combinada (ou seja, composta por componentes online e presenciais) para um curso de formação de professores(as) de Educação Física. Os dados consistiram em diários reflexivos e conversas gravadas. Examinamos assunções sobre estrutura, conteúdo e pedagogias de abordagens "combinadas" usando a metáfora da miscibilidade, na qual os líquidos se misturam para formar uma solução homogênea. O curso de formação de professores(as) não foi conceituado ou fomentado de uma forma que o tornasse miscível (ou seja, era imiscível), na medida em que os componentes presencial e online eram vistos como modalidades separadas. Isso significava que havia oportunidades perdidas de oferecer experiências formativas em uma modalidade para estruturar as experiências na outra. Após a pandemia, será importante considerar os pontos fortes dos formatos presencial e online para que alunos(as) experimentem as maneiras como um pode beneficiar o outro.

Resumen En este artículo, discutimos los hallazgos de un self-study colaborativo que hemos realizado sobre la adopción de enfoque combinado (es decir, compuesto por componentes online y presenciales) para un curso de formación de profesores/as de Educación Física. Los datos consistieron en diarios reflexivos y conversaciones grabadas. Examinamos asunciones sobre estructura, contenido y pedagogías de enfoques "combinados" utilizando la metáfora de la miscibilidad, donde los líquidos se mezclan para formar una solución homogénea. El curso de formación de profesores/as no fue conceptualizado ni fomentado de manera a volverlo miscible (es decir, era inmiscible), ya que los componentes presencial y online eran vistos como modalidades separadas. Esto significó que se perdieron oportunidades de ofrecer experiencias formativas en una modalidad para estructurar experiencias en la otra. Después de la pandemia, será importante considerar los puntos fuertes de los formatos presencial y online para que los alumnos/as puedan experimentar formas de que uno pueda beneficiar al otro.

Abstract In this paper, we discuss findings from a collaborative self-study we conducted on enacting a blended approach (i.e. consisting of online and in-person components) to a Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) course. Data consisted of reflective journals and recorded conversations. We examine assumptions about the structure, content, and pedagogies of "blended" approaches using the metaphor of miscibility, where liquids mix to form a homogeneous solution. The blended PETE course was not conceptualized or enacted in a way that made it miscible (i.e. it was immiscible), in that the in-person and online components were viewed as separate entities. This meant there were missed opportunities to offer formative experiences from one format to shape experiences in the other. Following the pandemic it will be important to consider the strengths of both in-person and online formats so that students experience the ways one can benefit the other.

Metaphorical Thinking and Disease Narrationunder the Narrative Context of Life and Health / 中国医学伦理学

By discussing metaphorical thinking and disease narrative under the narrative context of life and health, and clarifying both their correlation and their importance in the humanistic care, this paper aimed to advocate subjects of life to externalize their inner pain and anguish, help them with potential inspiration, self-empowerment as well as the repair of narration breakage in disease narration, and lead them into a healthy and harmonious narrative process of life. Metaphor and disease narrative are the essence of healing trauma and can construct the community relationship among narrative subjects.

4. Cultivating Mindful Awareness and Clinical Congruence / 医学教育

Whole Person Care is educated for medical students as the core curriculum at McGill University. The core of Mindful Medical Practice Course aims to provide students with the experience of moving from "not knowing" to "knowing" and "realizing" to cultivate excellent clinicians who "actualize it." We outline mindful awareness and clinical congruence as the core concepts of the course. Students learn it through a variety of exercises and works. They will deepen their awareness of physical sensations, thoughts and emotions in daily life and practice Whole Person Care with congruence stance.

Metáfora e significação: a construção de sentidos em análise / Metaphor and significance: the construction of meanings in analysis

RESUMO: Neste artigo, discriminamos dois tipos de intervenções no contexto analítico: as metafóricas comparativas, cuja referência para produção de sentido é o significado; e as metafóricas criativas, produção de sentido via significante. Como base para tais desenvolvimentos, temos a figura da metáfora e suas teorias no campo da linguística e da retórica, acrescidas da teoria psicanalítica da metáfora desenvolvida por Lacan. Concluímos que as alternativas de intervenção aqui elaboradas, embora não esgotem outras formas, podem contribuir com o desenvolvimento para uma teoria da técnica psicanalítica.

Abstract: This article describes two types of interventions in the analytical context: the comparative metaphorical, whose reference for the production of sense is the meaning; and the creative metaphorical, production of sense by significant. As a basis for such development, there is the figure of metaphor and its theories in the field of linguistics and rhetoric, plus the psychoanalytic theory of metaphor developed by Lacan. We conclude the alternatives of intervention developed here, although they do not exhaust other forms, can contribute to the development of a theory of psychoanalytic technique.

Stella do patrocínio and the delirious metaphor / Stella do patrocínio e a metáfora delirante

RESUMO: Em busca de saber se o insignificante pode ou não falar, este artigo se detém na poética proferida de Stella do Patrocínio, articulando os campos da psicanálise, da teoria da literatura e da filosofia. Discute-se, para tanto, o que é simbolizável no discurso delirante, e o que permanece à margem, impedido de ser interpretado totalmente. A metáfora, enquanto elaboração do Simbólico, norteia esta investigação, ao trazer para a discussão o pensamento estruturalista das figuras de linguagem, e uma orientação pós-estruturalista, que não toma a linguagem como código, mas como fluxo, a subverter a lógica da representação.

Abstract: In search of whether the insignificant can speak or not, this article focuses on Stella do Patrocínio's poetics, articulating the fields of psychoanalysis, literature's theory and philosophy. Therefore, it discusses what is symbolizable in the delirious discourse, and what remains on the sidelines, prevented from interpreting itself. Metaphor, while elaborating the Symbolic, guides this investigation, by bringing to the discussion the structuralist thinking of figures of speech, and a post-structuralist orientation, which does not take language as code, but as flow, to subvert the logic of representation.

Mulheres em cargos de liderança no esporte: rompendo o teto de vidro ou percorrendo o labirinto? / Women in leadership sport positions: breaking through the glass ceiling or walking through the labyrinth? / Mujeres en cargos de liderazgo en el deporte: ¿rompiendo el tejado de vidrio o recorriendo el laberinto?

Resumo A metáfora do teto de vidro é amplamente utilizada para representar os obstáculos invisíveis que impedem mulheres de progredir profissionalmente em altos cargos de liderança na gestão e no esporte. O objetivo deste estudo foi, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, analisar o uso da metáfora do teto de vidro na literatura científica nacional e propor o uso do labirinto como uma metáfora mais complexa e inclusiva. Apesar de ser majoritariamente utilizado em estudos brasileiros, o teto de vidro não representa os diferentes locais de partida e as diversas dificuldades vivenciadas por mulheres ao longo de sua trajetória profissional. A metáfora do labirinto possibilita um olhar mais complexo, considerando os diferentes caminhos percorridos por mulheres a partir de suas identidades de gênero, classe e raça.

Abstract The glass ceiling metaphor is widely disseminated and used to represent the invisible obstacles that prevent women from progressing professionally into high leadership roles in management and sport. The aim of this study was, from an integrative review, to analyze the use of the glass ceiling metaphor in the national scientific literature and to propose the use of the labyrinth as a more complex and inclusive metaphor. Despite being mostly used in Brazilian studies, the glass ceiling does not represent the different starting points and the different difficulties experienced by women throughout their professional trajectory. The labyrinth metaphor allows for a more complex look, considering the different paths taken by women based on their gender, class and race identities.

Resumen La metáfora del tejado de vidrio es ampliamente utilizada para representar los obstáculos invisibles que impiden a las mujeres progresar en el ámbito profesional y acceder a altos cargos de liderazgo en la gestión y en el deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue, a partir de una revisión, analizar el uso de la metáfora del tejado de vidrio en la literatura científica nacional y proponer el uso del laberinto como una metáfora más compleja e inclusiva. A pesar de ser mayoritariamente utilizado en estudios brasileños, el tejado de vidrio no representa los diferentes locales de partida y las diversas dificultades enfrentadas por mujeres a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. La metáfora del laberinto posibilita una mirada más compleja, considerando los diferentes caminos recorridos por mujeres a partir de sus identidades de género, clase y raza.

Prefrontal gray matter volume in adults bipolar I outpatients is associated with history of suicide attempts?

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) have the highest lifetime risk for suicidal behavior (SB) compared to other psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging research provides evidence of some structural and functional abnormalities in the brain of BD suicide attempters (SA), but interpretation of these findings may represent a number of features. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the volume of the prefrontal cortex in euthymic BD type I outpatients, with and without history of SA. Methods: 36 euthymic BD I outpatients (18 with and 18 without suicide attempt history) were underwent structural MRI and total and regional gray matter volumes were assessed and compared with 22 healthy controls (HC). Results: We did not found any differences in all areas between suicidal and non-suicidal BD I patients and BD patients as a group compared to HC as well. Discussion: our findings suggest that can be a different subgroups of patients in relation to prefrontal cortex volumes according to some clinical and socio-demographic caractheristics, such as number of previous episodes and continuous use of medical psychotropic drugs that may induce neuroplasticity phenomena, which restore cerebral volume and possibly can lead to long-term euthymia state.

Pragmatic Language and Schizophrenia: Interpretation of Metaphors

ABSTRACT Background: Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with significant cognitive deficits, which are considered structural markers for the disease. Language disturbances have an important role in patients' social functioning and interpersonal relationships. Objectives: Evaluate the capacity to understand pragmatic language in schizophrenic patients, through the comprehension of non-literal meaning in metaphors and the ability to use contextual clues to better understand their meanings. Methods: Thirty patients were evaluated using Abbreviated Intelligence Scale (WASI), Interpretation of Metaphors subtest of the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery (MAC). Results: The linear regression model showed that schizophrenic patients presented below average performance in the interpretation of metaphors task, with tendency to concrete interpretations. Variables such as IQ, WASI Vocabulary subtest and years since onset influenced the patients' pragmatic language skills. This relation was not found for family history. Existence of the metaphor in native colloquial language (Portuguese) and being given alternatives to choose from, enhanced patients' performance. Discussion: Results corroborate findings regarding this population's difficulties in the language cognitive domain. Development of interventions aiming comprehension of pragmatic language could help ease patients' social difficulties, especially if started early at onset. Also, better understanding of this deficit can help create rehabilitation strategies.

Pandemia e direitos humanos: reflexões sobre (ab)usos da metáfora da guerra / Pandemic and human rights: reflections on the war metaphor and its (ab)uses / Pandemia y derechos humanos: reflexiones sobre (ab)usos de la metáfora de la guerra

Questionamo-nos se a vinculação da covid-19 ao significante "guerra" poderia esvaziar a força legal da Declaração dos Direitos Humanos, atingindo-a em seu pilar fundamental: a dignidade humana. Retomamos as considerações de Clausewitz, para quem, não se constituindo como episódio inesperado, a guerra consiste em continuação da política, para chegar a Foucault, que desvela que as relações de poder produzem uma regulamentação da vida e da morte, o que nos relança no campo de vulnerabilidade que a metáfora bélica indica e oculta. No momento dramático da pandemia, a convocação de todos para a guerra, a convocação solidária contra o inimigo comum, embora justificável como medida de emergência e apelo necessário para o isolamento social, também pode servir como anverso da necropolítica (Mbembe, 2016), a morte visível produzida pelo vírus revestindo a morte invisível dos excluídos e descartáveis, dos "matáveis" de sempre.

We wonder if linking the Covid-19 pandemic to the signifier "war" could wither away the legal force of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, hitting it to its core: human dignity. We pick up on Clausewitz’s considerations, for whom war consists of the continuation of politics rather than of an unexpected episode, to get to Foucault, who unveils that power relations produce a regulation of life and death, what cast us again in the field of vulnerability, one that the war metaphor either arouses and conceals. At the dramatic moment of the pandemic, the call for war, the supportive call against a common enemy, although justified as an emergency measure and necessary appeal, may also be of avail as the necropolitics obverse (Mbembe, 2016), the visible death produced by the virus enshrouding the invisible death of the excluded and disposable, the usual "killable" ones.

Nos preguntamos si el vínculo entre Covid-19 y el significante "guerra" podría vaciar la fuerza legal de la Declaración de Derechos Humanos, golpeando su pilar fundamental: la dignidad humana. Volvemos a las consideraciones de Clausewitz, para quien la guerra consiste en una continuación de la política y no es un episodio inesperado, para llegar a Foucault, quien revela que las relaciones de poder producen una regulación de la vida y la muerte, que vuelve a echarnos en el campo de la vulnerabilidad que la metáfora bélica indica y oculta. En el dramático momento de la pandemia, el llamado de todos a la guerra, el llamado de solidaridad contra el enemigo común, aunque justificable como una medida de emergencia y un llamado necesario al aislamiento social, también puede servir como el anverso de la necropolítica (Mbembe, 2016), la muerte visible producida por el virus que cubre la muerte invisible de los excluidos y desechables, de los "asesinables" de siempre.

Tálamo según Galeno: una metáfora controversial / Thalamus according to Galen: a controversial metaphor

El vocabulario técnico-científico, uno de ellos la Terminologia Anatomica, tiene un legado lingüístico de idiomas clásicos en general y del latín y griego en particular. En este contexto, la metáfora ha cumplido un importante rol en la denominación de ciertas estructuras del cuerpo humano. El análisis de estas metáforas ha permitido conocer el origen etimológico de numerosos términos anatómicos derivados de esta práctica frecuente durante la historia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar y reflexionar acerca de la utilización del término tálamo y comentar la similitud formal de esta metáfora con las características neuroanatómicas. El nombre tálamo fue asignado por Claudio Galeno (130 - 200 a. C.); procede de un lenguaje común de orden material, el cual ha sido mencionado por autores clásicos, principalmente, como "cámara interna o cámara nupcial" y llevado a un lenguaje técnico-científico a través de una metáfora motivada por una disposición espacial o entendida como una expresión de imagen o similitud formal. Si Galeno utilizó esta metáfora considerando una similitud formal, el término tálamo sería equívoco, ya que no hay correspondencia estructural del término debido a que el tálamo neuroanatómico no es una cámara, sino una estructura diencefálica compacta y esferoidal u ovalada. Bajo este contexto, el término tálamo es confuso, ya que esta metáfora se condice más bien con el tercer ventrículo. Considerando lo anterior, invitamos a reflexionar sobre una propuesta basada en una característica morfológica de la estructura, en la cual se reemplace el término tálamo por neuroovoide.

The technical-scientific vocabulary, one of them the Anatomical Terminology, has a linguistic legacy of classical languages in general and of Latin and Greek in particular. In this context, the metaphor has played an important role in the naming of certain structures of the human body. The analysis of these metaphors has allowed us to know the etymological origin of numerous anatomical terms derived from this frequent practice throughout history. The purpose of this study was to analyze and reflect on the use of the term thalamus and to comment on the formal similarity of this metaphor with the neuroanatomical characteristics. The name thalamus was assigned by Claudio Galeno (130-200 BC); It comes from a common language of material order, which has been mentioned by classical authors, mainly, as "internal chamber or bridal chamber" and brought to a technicalscientific language through a metaphor motivated by a spatial arrangement or understood as a image expression or formal similarity. If Galen used this metaphor considering a formal similarity, the term thalamus would be misleading, since there is no structural correspondence to the term because the neuroanatomical thalamus is not a chamber, but a compact, spheroidal or oval diencephalic structure. In this context, the term thalamus is confusing, since this metaphor is more consistent with the third ventricle. Considering the above, we invite you to reflect on a proposal based on a morphological characteristic of the structure, in which the term thalamus is replaced by neuroovoid.

La terapia familiar como vía de la resignificación en la enfermedad / Family therapy as a way to redefine disease

Se realizó un rastreo bibliográfico sobre la reacomodación de las dinámicas internas en familias que tienen un infante en cuidados paliativos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de la terapia familiar para entender la enfermedad y resignificarla mediante la técnica narrativa de la metáfora. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, cuando llega una crisis significativa al núcleo familiar, como una enfermedad, esta cambia la dinámica familiar, puesto que obliga a movilizarse de manera inesperada para buscar posibles soluciones a la situación que aqueja. En muchos casos, la familia recurre a la terapia familiar como estrategia para fortalecer sus recursos, y la metáfora como herramienta narrativa, es uno de los recursos que se usa para ayudar a resignificar la enfermedad. Ahora bien, en cuanto al rastreo bibliográfico, fue la base del texto reflexivo construido, ya que en el rastreo se evidenció que en la terapia familiar no se encuentra un abordaje específico en los procesos de salud que requieren acompañamiento paliativo, por lo que se hace necesario visibilizar la utilidad de la terapia familiar en estos procesos. Como conclusión, se presenta el uso de la metáfora como posible vía de trabajo con las familias que están pasando por una situación de enfermedad, puesto que facilita la externalización del problema y logran así nuevas narrativas orientadas a la resignificación.

A literature review was carried out on the rearrangement of inner dynamics in families with an infant in palliative care, emphasizing the importance of family therapy to understand the disease and resignify it through the narrative technique of metaphor. Considering the above, when a significant crisis, such as a disease, reaches the family core, family dynamics change since it forces unexpected mobilization to find possible solutions to the situation. In many cases, the family uses family therapy as a strategy to strengthen their resources, and the metaphor, as a narrative tool, is one of the resources used to help resignify the disease. Bibliographic review was the basis of the reflexive text constructed, since the review showed that in family therapy there is no specific approach in health processes that require palliative accompaniment, reason why it is necessary to draw attention to the usefulness of family therapy in this type of processes. In conclusion, the use of metaphor is presented as a possible way of addressing families who are going through a situation of disease, since it facilitates the externalization of the problem and the achievement of new narratives aimed at redefinition of the disease.

Orgullo loco y metáforas para una disidencia: un análisis lingüístico y simbólico / Mad pride and metaphors for dissidence: a linguistic and symbolic analysis

RESUMEN El presente artículo expone un análisis lingüístico e interpretativo sobre el uso de la metáfora conceptual en el campo de la salud mental, tomando como campo de observación el uso de Twitter en la primera edición del Día del Orgullo Loco en España, celebrada el 20 de mayo de 2018. El objetivo es dar cuenta de los posicionamientos expresados por los activistas en primera persona. Los resultados muestran un cuestionamiento a las lógicas coercitivas producidas por la atención psiquiátrica, una problematización del modelo hegemónico en su conjunto, una denuncia a la opresión que implica el estigma, problemas de comunicación y demandas de mayor diálogo con los profesionales del campo de la salud mental. Este análisis nos ha permitido comprender el modo lingüístico de re-semantizar el campo de la salud mental, así como dar cuenta de las tensiones existentes entre las percepciones subjetivas de las personas diagnosticadas y las producciones del modelo médico hegemónico.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a linguistic and interpretative analysis of the use of conceptual metaphors in the field of mental health, taking as a field of observation the use of Twitter in the first edition of Mad Pride Day in Spain, held on May 20, 2018. The objective is to give a first-person account of the attitudes expressed by activists. The results show a questioning of the coercive logics produced by psychiatric care, a problematization of the hegemonic model as a whole, a criticism of the oppression implied by stigma, communication problems with professionals in the field of mental health, as well as demands for greater dialogue with them. This analysis has allowed us to understand linguistic modes of resignifying the field of mental health, and also to account for the tensions between subjective perceptions of the people diagnosed and the productions of the hegemonic medical model.

Metáforas de um vírus: reflexões sobre a subjetivação pandêmica / Metáforas de un virus: reflexiones sobre la subjetivación pandémica / Metaphors of a virus: reflections on the pandemic subjectivation

Resumo O presente artigo visa explorar diferentes metáforas acionadas na primeira fase da pandemia do novo coronavírus no Brasil, inspirado na obra de Susan Sontag, A doença como metáfora. As metáforas são ferramentas centrais nos processos de subjetivação da pandemia, do vírus que a causa e da doença que ela materializa. O material empírico que sustenta nossas reflexões vem de encontros semanais de um grupo terapêutico que passamos a conduzir on-line com as medidas de isolamento social no país, e de observação participante nas redes sociais da internet. Com base nisso, pensamos em quatro chaves de metáforas: o (in)visível, o mascarado, o divino e o isolado. A partir dessas categorias, é possível refletir sobre questões como sofrimento ético-político, resistência subjetiva, luto, negação, melancolia e megalomania, presentes nos modos de subjetivação da pandemia.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar diferentes metáforas desencadenadas en la primera fase de la nueva pandemia de Coronavirus en Brasil, inspirado en el trabajo de Susan Sontag, "La enfermedad como metáfora". Las metáforas son herramientas centrales en los procesos de subjetivación de la pandemia, el virus que la causa y la enfermedad que le materializa. El material empírico que sustenta nuestras reflexiones proviene de reuniones semanales de un grupo terapéutico que comenzamos a realizar en línea con las medidas de aislamiento social en el país, y de la observación participante en las redes sociales de internet. Basado en esto, pensamos en cuatro claves metáforas: lo (no) visible, lo enmascarado, lo divino y lo aislado. A partir de estas categorías, es posible reflexionar sobre cuestiones como el sufrimiento ético-político, la resistencia subjetiva, el luto, la negación, la melancolía y la megalomanía, presentes en los modos de subjetivación de la pandemia.

Abstract This article aims to explore different metaphors triggered in the first phase of the pandemic of the new coronavirus in Brazil, inspired by Susan Sontag's work, "Illness as metaphor". Metaphors are central tools in the processes of subjectification of the pandemic, the virus that causes it and the disease that it materializes. The empirical material that supports our reflections comes from weekly meetings of a therapeutic group that we started to conduct online due to the measures of social isolation in the country, and from participant observation in the internet social media. Based on this, we propose four metaphor keys: the (in)visible, the masked, the divine and the isolated. From these categories, it is possible to reflect on issues present in the pandemic's subjectivation modes such as ethical-political suffering, subjective resistance, mourning, denial, melancholy, and megalomania.

Constituição e sexuação: interrogações clínicas / Constitution et sexuation: questions cliniques / Constitution and sexuation: clinical issues

Neste trabalho partimos da premissa de que a constituição do sujeito como produto dos efeitos do significante é solidária à assunção de uma posição sexuada. Esta por sua vez, é efeito da subjetivação de tal incidência. Desse modo, temos o objetivo, neste momento, de percorrer algumas das teorizações que sustentam a tensão entre os termos constituição/sexuação, com ênfase nas contribuições de Freud a respeito do funcionamento mental e do complexo de Édipo e de Lacan, em especial suas contribuições a respeito do Édipo, função paterna e significação fálica. Acreditamos ser possível encontrar nos processos subjacentes à constituição do sujeito os elementos que demarcam ao longo desse percurso a dissimetria estrutural de homens e mulheres para circunscrever e subjetivar o gozo. Advertimos que o ser sexuado não é o mesmo que o sujeito do inconsciente. Porém, estamos certos de que há uma profunda solidariedade entre a constituição de um sujeito falante e as possibilidades da posição sexuada

Dans cet article, nous partons de la prémisse que la constitution du sujet en tant que produit des effets du signifiant est en solidarité avec l'hypothèse d'une position sexuelle, qui à son tour est l'effet de la subjectivation d'une telle incidence. Ainsi, nous avons en ce moment l'objectif de passer en revue certaines des théorisations qui soutiennent la tension entre les termes constitution / sexuation, en mettant l'accent sur les contributions de Freud sur le fonctionnement mental et le complexe d'Œdipeet de Lacan, en particulier ses contributions. sur Œdipe, la fonction paternelle et la signification phallique. Nous pensons qu'il est possible de retrouver dans les processus sousjacents à la constitution du sujet les éléments qui délimitent le long de cette voie la dissymétrie structurelle des hommes et des femmes pour circonscrire et subjectiver la jouissance. Nous vous avertissons que l'être sexuel n'est pas le même que le sujet de l'inconscient. Cependant, nous sommes sûrs qu'il existe une profonde solidarité entre la constitution d'un sujet parlant et les possibilités de la position sexuelle

In this work we start from the premise that the constitution of the subject as a product of the effects of the signifier is solidary to the assumption of a sexual position, this in turn, effect of the subjectivation of such incidence. In this way, we have the objective, at this moment, to explore some of the theories that support the tension between the terms constitution / sexuation, with emphasis on Freud's contributions to the mental and complex functioning of Oedipus and Lacan, especially their contributions about Oedipus, paternal function, and phallic signification. We believe that it is possible to find in the processes underlying the constitution of the subject the elements that demarcate along this path the structural asymmetry of men and women to circumscribe and subjectivate enjoyment. We are warned that being sexed is not the same as the subject of the unconscious. However, we are certain that there is a deep solidarity between the constitution of a speaking subject and the possibilities of the sexual position

Validade Concorrente e de Face da Escala de MacArthur para Avaliação do Status Social Subjetivo: Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) / Concurrent and face validity of the MacArthur scale for assessing subjective social status: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Resumo Este trabalho avaliou a validade concorrente e de face da escala de MacArthur, que busca aferir o status social subjetivo (SSS) na sociedade, na vizinhança e no trabalho. A amostra de 159 adultos, participantes da coorte ELSA-Brasil, em Minas Gerais (2012-2014), foi selecionada e a análise incluiu métodos epidemiológicos, a teoria cognitiva da metáfora e a linguística de corpus. A validade concorrente foi moderada para a escada da sociedade (kappaw = 0,55) e boa para a vizinhança (kappaw = 0,60) e do trabalho (kappaw = 0,67). A validade de face da escala de MacArthur mostrou que o instrumento realmente captura o SSS por meio dos indicadores de posição socioeconômica. Portanto, a escala de MacArthur demonstra ser um valioso instrumento para estudar as desigualdades sociais em saúde

Abstract This work assessed the concurrent and face validity of the MacArthur scale, which attempts to capture subjective social status in society, neighborhood and work contexts. The study population comprised a convenience sample made up of 159 adult participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort study conducted in Minas Gerais between 2012 and 2014. The analysis was conducted drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and using corpus linguistic methods. Concurrent validity was shown to be moderate for the society ladder (Kappaw = 0.55) and good for the neighborhood (Kappaw = 0.60) and work (Kappaw = 0,67) ladders. Face validity indicated that the MacArthur scale really captures subjective social status across indicators of socioeconomic position, thus confirming that it is a valuable tool for the study of social inequalities in health Brazil.